AP Biology Summer Assignment Chapter 1 Quiz

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AP Biology Summer Assignment Chapter 1 Quiz 2016-17 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. One reason we consider the dormant seed of a desert plant to be alive is that it a.

1 AP Biology Summer Assignment Chapter 1 Quiz Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. One reason we consider the dormant seed of a desert plant to be alive is that it a. is extracting energy from the environment. b. formed within a nonliving structure. c. is evolving. d. contains genetic material. 2. Which of the following is the most probable order of appearance of molecules and structures that led to the evolution of life on Earth? a. Nucleic acids, proteins, membranes, cells b. Proteins, membranes, nucleic acids, cells c. Membranes, nucleic acids, proteins, cells d. Cells, membranes, nucleic acids, proteins 6. The initial accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere was the result of photosynthesis from an organism most like modern a. cyanobacteria. b. mosses. c. kelp. d. eukaryotes. 7. Refer to the figure below. 3. What is the correct order in which the following appeared during the early evolution of life on Earth? a. Oxygen, ozone, photosynthesis, life on land b. Photosynthesis, oxygen, ozone, life on land c. Life on land, photosynthesis, oxygen, ozone d. Ozone, oxygen, photosynthesis, life on land 4. For a multicellular organism to have evolved from a unicellular ancestor, what new feature must have been present that was not necessary for unicellular life-forms? a. A mechanism for cell division b. Adhesion molecules on the surfaces of the cells c. Specialization of cellular functions d. Chloroplasts 5. If you were trying to create rapid evolutionary change in a population of bacteria, what treatment would be most effective? a. Exposing the bacteria to UV light, which damages DNA b. Growing the bacteria under optimal conditions for growth c. Maintaining the bacteria at 4 C, which slows growth d. Freezing the bacteria in liquid nitrogen Imagine that NASA sends a probe to one of Jupiter s moons. The probe takes a sample from one of the methane lakes and returns to Earth. Pictures of the sample, taken through a microscope, reveal a cell-like structure remarkably similar to a simple prokaryotic organism. The structure is placed in a dish containing a liquid bacterial growth medium and observed over several days. Which observation best supports the hypothesis that this is a living organism? a. Small molecules move from the liquid medium into the structure. b. Analysis of the structure s interior reveals the presence of methane. c. The structure increases in size during the observation period. d. Atoms in compounds in the medium are later traced to the structure s membrane.

Refer to the figure below showing a tree of life. 8. What is one conclusion that you can draw from the figure? a. Plants are more closely related to Archaea than they are to animals. b. Animals are more closely related to fungi than they are to plants.

2 Refer to the figure below showing a tree of life. 8. What is one conclusion that you can draw from the figure? a. Plants are more closely related to Archaea than they are to animals. b. Animals are more closely related to fungi than they are to plants. c. Animals and plants belong to different domains. d. Chloroplasts are found only in plants. 9. From the figure you can conclude that plants evolved from a. protists. b. endosymbiotic bacteria. c. mitochondria. d. Bacteria. 10. If the estimates on the figure are accurate, then you can conclude that a. more animal species exist than species of plants or fungi. b. most Archaea species have been described. c. more species of fungi exist than species of animals. d. fewer species remain to be described than have already been described. 11. Which statement concerning the figure is true? a. All protists are more closely related to other protists than they are to other organisms. b. Only one domain includes single-celled prokaryotes. c. Two of the domains had endosymbiotic events leading to the formation of mitochondria and chloroplasts. d. All three domains split from a common ancestor. 12. In looking at prepared slides of organisms from pond water using a microscope, you see a unicellular organism that has genetic material but no nucleus. Which group could this organism possibly belong to? a. Bacteria b. Plants c. Fungi d. Animals

13. Which list represents a correct ordering of the levels of complexity at which life is studied, from most simple to most complex? a. Community, population, organism, organ, tissue, cell b.

3 13. Which list represents a correct ordering of the levels of complexity at which life is studied, from most simple to most complex? a. Community, population, organism, organ, tissue, cell b. Cell, organ, tissue, organism, population, community c. Cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community d. Cell, tissue, organ, population, organism, community 14. Refer to the figure below showing a community containing voles, grass, owls, and foxes. In this community, interactions determine the number of voles. What would initially happen to this community if foxes were removed? a. The number of owls would diminish. b. The number of voles would diminish. c. The abundance of grass would increase. d. The number of voles would increase. 15. A group of spiders of the same species lives in a wetland region, feeding on numerous species of winged insects that become ensnared in their webs. Several species of birds, as well as a number of small mammal species, feed on the spiders. Which statement correctly characterizes this scenario? a. The wetland is a landscape composed of several populations, one of which includes the community of spider species, the communities of bird species that prey on the spiders, and the communities of insect species preyed on by spiders. b. The wetland is a community composed of several landscapes, one of which includes the population of spider species, the populations of bird species that prey on the spiders, and the populations of insect species preyed on by spiders. c. The wetland is a landscape composed of several communities, one of which includes the population of spider species, the populations of bird species that prey on the spiders, and the populations of insect species preyed on by spiders. d. The wetland is a population composed of several organisms, one of which includes the community of spider species, the communities of bird species that prey on the spiders, and the communities of insect species preyed on by spiders. 16. Your body constitutes a system of organized units controlling your internal environment, such as the concentration of Na + in your blood. If this concentration falls below normal, you would have hyponatremia, a condition that can cause headaches, mental confusion, and even seizures. Which event would most likely cause hyponatremia? a. Gut cells absorbing too much Na + from food b. Kidney cells absorbing too much Na + from urine c. Sweating profusely, followed by drinking large quantities of water d. Producing increased amounts of urine after drinking several cups of coffee 17. During childbirth, the hormone oxytocin causes uterine contractions. These contractions move the baby toward the birth canal (vagina), where it pushes on pressuresensing receptors. These receptors signal the mother s hypothalamus to produce more oxytocin, which in turn increases the uterine contractions. This is an example of a. gene regulation. b. positive feedback. c. a cellular-level system. d. a computational model. 18. If a mutation arises spontaneously in one of your blood cells, a. you can pass that mutation on to your offspring. b. it would most likely improve the function of that blood cell. c. the blood cell is evolving. d. it could have been caused by exposure to radiation. 19. In formulating his theory of evolution, Darwin used information available to him through observation and common knowledge, including the knowledge that a. offspring differ from their parents and that populations of species display variation. b. genes are the basis for inheritance and that mutations in DNA lead to evolutionary change. c. populations do not change over time, though individuals within a population do. d. the fossil record includes all forms of present day life.

20. Which statement about the experiments of Tyrone Hayes on abnormalities of male frog sex organs is correct? a. In a set of controlled experiments, Hayes had to reject his hypothesis that atrazine was causing abnormalities in male frogs.

4 20. Which statement about the experiments of Tyrone Hayes on abnormalities of male frog sex organs is correct? a. In a set of controlled experiments, Hayes had to reject his hypothesis that atrazine was causing abnormalities in male frogs. b. As a result of the comparative experiments, Hayes formed a new hypothesis that snails were causing the limb deformities in the frogs. c. The controlled experiments compared the effects of various atrazine concentrations on reproductive tissues. d. Hayes reasoned that if atrazine caused abnormal testes development, then all testes abnormalities in tadpoles are caused by various concentrations of atrazine. 21. Despite numerous studies showing the negative effects of atrazine on frog development, the Environmental Protection Agency continues to allow restricted use of atrazine as long as environmental levels do not exceed 30 to 40 ppb. What will be the likely result of this policy? a. The occurrences of frog abnormalities will gradually decline. b. Abnormalities will continue to appear in frogs. c. No new abnormalities in frogs will appear. d. Abnormal frogs that reproduce will have offspring that all develop normally. 22. Which statement about statistical analysis in science is true? a. Statistical methods are applied to data in order to prove that the null hypothesis is incorrect. b. Statistical tests analyze variation to determine whether the variation is due to chance. c. Statistical tests can be used to evaluate results from controlled experiments but not comparative experiments. d. Statistics are used to measure the probability that an observed difference is due to chance. 23. Many possible applications of scientific knowledge raise ethical issues for some people. Which application, however, would be rejected by all responsible scientists? a. Selecting the sex of one s children b. Using stem cells as part of medical treatments c. Modifying the human genome d. Using scientific knowledge to dictate how the world ought to be 24. How does positive feedback differ from negative feedback? a. Positive feedback has a beneficial effect on a system, whereas negative feedback has a harmful effect. b. Positive feedback slows down the rate of a process within a system, whereas negative feedback speeds up the rate of a process. c. Positive feedback builds up the structure of a system, whereas negative feedback breaks down a system s structure. d. Positive feedback generally destabilizes a system, whereas negative feedback generally stabilizes a system. 25. The rate of fruit ripening is under positive feedback regulation from ethylene, a gaseous compound produced by cells in ripening fruit. Suppose a farmer picks unripened apples, stores them in an enclosed shed, and counts the number of ripened apples each day over the next week. What will be the shape of the graphed data if the number of ripened apples is plotted on the y axis versus time on the x axis? (Assume that most of the apples are still unripened at the end of the week.) a. A straight line with a positive slope b. An upwardly curved line with a constantly increasing slope c. An upwardly curved line with a constantly decreasing slope d. A downwardly curved line with a constantly increasing slope 26. Refer to the figure below. The nucleotide sequence of a portion of a gene encoding eye color in fruit flies is shown in the top row of the table. Below it is the sequence after a mutation occurred. What conclusion can be drawn from this information? a. The fruit fly will be harmed by the mutation. b. The mutation will improve the fruit fly s chances of survival. c. The fruit fly s eye color will change. d. The mutation may change the protein encoded by the gene.

27. Refer to the table below. What could be accomplished by a comparative analysis of the data shown in the table? a. Determining whether all of the organisms listed share the same core set of genes b.

Refer to the table below. Groups of 50 house flies were kept in three chambers under the same conditions except for temperature.

5 27. Refer to the table below. What could be accomplished by a comparative analysis of the data shown in the table? a. Determining whether all of the organisms listed share the same core set of genes b. Evaluating whether gene number is dictated by genome size c. Identifying the smallest possible number of genes needed to support life d. Drawing a conclusion about how fast organisms evolve 28. Refer to the table below. Groups of 50 house flies were kept in three chambers under the same conditions except for temperature. After 4 hours, the number of surviving flies was counted in each chamber and expressed as a percentage of the total. The results raised new questions that the data cannot be used to answer. Which is a new question prompted by the data shown? a. Can house flies survive at temperatures 20 degrees colder or warmer than ambient room temperature? b. Are house flies that are sensitive to heat also sensitive to cold, or are the two governed by separate mechanisms? c. Are house flies more sensitive to cold temperatures or hot temperatures? d. Do house flies show variations in traits within a population?

6 29. Refer to the figure below. Which statement represents the null hypothesis for this study? a. Atrazine might have a greater effect on gonad development at low concentrations than at high concentrations. b. Testes are normal in the absence of atrazine, but male gonadal abnormalities occur in the presence of atrazine. c. Atrophied testes and testicular oogenesis show no differences in their response to atrazine level. d. Atrazine levels show no differences with respect to the percentage of gonadal abnormalities. e. Differences in gonadal abnormalities among sites with varied atrazine levels are due to random variation.

1. The basic structural and physiological unit of all living organisms is the A) aggregate. B) organelle. C) organism. D) membrane. E) cell.

Name: Date: Test File Questions 1. The basic structural and physiological unit of all living organisms is the A) aggregate. B) organelle. C) organism. D) membrane. E) cell. 2. A cell A) can be composed