LIFE AT THE LIMITS - EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS "HOW CAN THEY SURVIVE?"
|
|
|
- Gilbert Gregory Jennings
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 COMPARATIVE MICROBIAL GENOMICS ANALYSIS LIFE AT THE LIMITS - EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS "HOW CAN THEY SURVIVE?" Group 5 Kanokwan Inban Lakkhana Khanhayuwa Parwin Tantayapirak
2 Introduction 2
3 Source: 3
4 The Archaea are a group of single-celled microorganisms. They have no cell nucleus or any other organelles within their cells. 4
5 Initially, archaea were seen as extremophiles that lived in harsh environments, such as hot springs and salt lakes, but they have since been found in a broad range of habitats, such as soils, oceans, and marshlands. The archaea exploit a much greater variety of sources of energy than eukaryotes: ranging from familiar organic compounds such as sugars, to using ammonia, metal ions or even hydrogen gas as nutrients. 5
6 Sulfolobus solfataricus 98/2 Sulfolobus islandicus Y.G Metallosphaera sedula DSM 5348 Staphylothermus marinus F1 Sulfolobus islandicus L.S.2.15 Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1 Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 Pyrobaculum arsenaticum DSM Thermofilum pendens Hrk 5 Pyrobaculum islandicum DSM 4184 Sulfolobus islandicus L.D.8.5 Sulfolobus islandicus M.16.4 Pyrobaculum aerophilum str. IM2 Hyperthermus butylicus DSM 5456 Crenarchaeota 6
7 Thermoproteus neutrophilus V24Sta Aeropyrum pernix K1 Sulfolobus islandicus M Sulfolobus islandicus M Pyrobaculum calidifontis JCM Sulfolobus tokodaii str. 7 Ignicoccus hospitalis KIN4/I Sulfolobus islandicus Y.N Sulfolobus acidocaldarius DSM 639 Desulfurococcus kamchatkensis 1221n Aciduliprofundum boonei T469 Natronomonas pharaonis DSM 2160 Methanosaeta thermophila PT Halorubrum lacusprofundi ATCC Crenarchaeota Euryarchaeota 7
8 Sulfolobus Archaea Crenarchaeota Thermoprotei Sulfolobales Sulfolobaceae Yellowstone Na9onal Park Ecology: terrestrial volcanic hot springs with op1mum growth occurring at ph temperature of o C + sulfur present acidic environment Genome Structure: circular chromosome that consists of 2,992,245 bp (S. ilandicus) Descrip3on and Significance: - grow either lithoautotrophically or chemoheterotrophically by oxidizing sulfur. - TCA cycle system similar to mitochondria of eukaryotes. Mount St. Helens ** oxidize hydrogen sulfide to sulfate intracellularly used to treat industrial waste water 8
9 Desulfurococcus Archaea Crenarchaeota Thermoprotei Desulfurococcales Desulfurococcaceae Ecology: - deep- sea thermal vents and subterranean hot springs - op1mal temperature for growth is 85ºC. - anaerobic archaea Descrip3on and Significance: - spherical, microns in diameter. - cells are surrounded by an interes1ng protein subunit envelope. - have an interes1ng lasce- like protein structure cell covering - one long flagella 3D image of lasced protein on Desulfurococcus' cell envelope 9
10 Aeropyrum Archaea Crenarchaeota Thermoprotei Desulfurococcales Desulfurococcaceae hyperthermophile ** All species isolated from these environments had been strictly anaerobic, that is, un1l the discovery of Aeropyrum!!! Ecology: solfotaric vent at Kodakara- jima Island in Kyusyu, Japan. - temperatures ranging between 90 to 95 o C, ph 7.0, and a salinity of 3.5% - aerobic archaeon Genome Structure: circular chromosome Descrip3on and Significance: - spherical in shape and are 0.8 to 1.2 microns in diameter - pathways that allow A. to be aerobic gene in the TCA cycle (Krebs' cycle) coding for alpha- ketoglutarate dehydrogenase was not present 10
11 Hyperthermus Archaea Crenarchaeota Thermoprotei Desulfurococcales Pyrodic9aceae hyperthermophile Ecology: - sulfur reducing archaeon that grows between 95 and 106 C and at ph of 7.0. forms H 2 S - sea floor of a hot, solfataric habitat on the coast of São Miguel Island in Azores, Portugal Descrip3on and Significance: - one of the most thermophilic archaea isolated so far (106 C) 11
12 Thermoproteus Archaea Crenarchaeota Thermoprotei Thermoproteales Thermofilaceae hyperthermophile Ecology: acidic hot springs and water holes op1mal growth temperature is 85C. Anaerobes; autotrophic sulfur reduc1on. Genome Structure: Total genome length is nt, and the DNA is double- stranded and circular Descrip3on and Significance: - rod- shaped and reproduce by developing branches on the end of the cell which grow into individual cells. - mo1le by flagella Acidic hot spring, typical environment of Thermoproteus 12
13 Natronomonas Archaea Euryarchaeota Halobacteria Halobacteriales Halobacteriaceae Ecology: aerobic, extremely haloalkaliphilic archaeon. - grows op1mally in 3.5M NaCl and at ph 8.5, - sensi1ve to high magnesium concentra1ons Genome Structure: genome of Natronomonas pharaonis consists of three circular replicons. - chromosome which is 2,595,221 bp in length, - a typical haloarchaeal 131- kb plasmid, and - a unique mul1copy 23- kb plasmid Its choromosome has a high G + C content (63.4%) ** a high propor1on of acidic amino acids (average 19.3%) is found in the proteins of N. pharaonis which results in low isoelectric points (average pi 4.6) adap1ve features of haloarchaea to survive in their hypersaline environment 13
14 Methodology 14
15 1. Downloading Genomes and Prediction of Genes 2. Finding RNA genes and building a 16s rrna tree 3. Genome Atlases and BLAST matrices 4. Pan- Core- genome plots and BLAST atlases 15
16 1. Downloading Genomes and Prediction of Genes 2. Finding RNA genes and building a 16s rrna tree 3. Genome Atlases and BLAST matrices 4. Pan- Core- genome plots and BLAST atlases 16
17 Genome GC content Aciduliprofundum boonei T % Aeropyrum pernix K % Desulfurococcus kamchatkensis 1221n 45.34% %GC Content Halorubrum lacusprofundi ATCC % Hyperthermus butylicus DSM % Ignicoccus hospitalis KIN4/I 56.52% Metallosphaera sedula DSM % Methanosaeta thermophila PT 53.55% Natronomonas pharaonis DSM % Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM % Pyrobaculum aerophilum str. IM % Pyrobaculum arsenaticum DSM % Pyrobaculum calidifontis JCM % Pyrobaculum islandicum DSM % Staphylothermus marinus F % Sulfolobus acidocaldarius DSM % Sulfolobus islandicus L.D % Sulfolobus islandicus L.S % Sulfolobus islandicus M % Sulfolobus islandicus M % Sulfolobus islandicus M % Sulfolobus islandicus Y.G % Sulfolobus islandicus Y.N % Sulfolobus solfataricus 98/ % Sulfolobus solfataricus P % Sulfolobus tokodaii str % Thermofilum pendens Hrk % Thermoproteus neutrophilus V24Sta 59.91% 17
18 Gene Count Genome Count number of genes genbank refseq prodigal Different Aciduliprofundum_boonei_T469.proteins.fsa Aeropyrum_pernix_K1.proteins.fsa Desulfurococcus_kamchatkensis_1221n.proteins.fsa Halorubrum_lacusprofundi_ATCC_49239.proteins.fsa Hyperthermus_butylicus_DSM_5456.proteins.fsa Ignicoccus_hospitalis_KIN4_I.proteins.fsa Metallosphaera_sedula_DSM_5348.proteins.fsa Methanosaeta_thermophila_PT.proteins.fsa Natronomonas_pharaonis_DSM_2160.proteins.fsa Nitrosopumilus_maritimus_SCM1.proteins.fsa Pyrobaculum_aerophilum_str_IM2.proteins.fsa Pyrobaculum_arsenaticum_DSM_13514.proteins.fsa Pyrobaculum_calidifontis_JCM_11548.proteins.fsa Pyrobaculum_islandicum_DSM_4184.proteins.fsa Staphylothermus_marinus_F1.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_acidocaldarius_DSM_639.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_islandicus_LD85.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_islandicus_LS215.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_islandicus_M1425.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_islandicus_M1627.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_islandicus_M164.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_islandicus_YG5714.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_islandicus_YN1551.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_solfataricus_98_2.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_solfataricus_P2.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_tokodaii_str_7.proteins.fsa Thermofilum_pendens_Hrk_5.proteins.fsa Thermoproteus_neutrophilus_V24Sta.proteins.fsa refseq-prodigal 18
19 Gene Length Genome genbank refseq prodigal Mean StdDev Min Max Mean StdDev Min Max Mean StdDev Min Max Aciduliprofundum_boonei_T469.proteins.fsa Aeropyrum_pernix_K1.proteins.fsa Desulfurococcus_kamchatkensis_1221n.proteins.fsa Halorubrum_lacusprofundi_ATCC_49239.proteins.fsa Hyperthermus_butylicus_DSM_5456.proteins.fsa Ignicoccus_hospitalis_KIN4_I.proteins.fsa Metallosphaera_sedula_DSM_5348.proteins.fsa Methanosaeta_thermophila_PT.proteins.fsa Natronomonas_pharaonis_DSM_2160.proteins.fsa Nitrosopumilus_maritimus_SCM1.proteins.fsa Pyrobaculum_aerophilum_str_IM2.proteins.fsa Pyrobaculum_arsenaticum_DSM_13514.proteins.fsa Pyrobaculum_calidifontis_JCM_11548.proteins.fsa Pyrobaculum_islandicum_DSM_4184.proteins.fsa Staphylothermus_marinus_F1.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_acidocaldarius_DSM_639.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_islandicus_LD85.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_islandicus_LS215.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_islandicus_M1425.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_islandicus_M1627.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_islandicus_M164.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_islandicus_YG5714.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_islandicus_YN1551.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_solfataricus_98_2.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_solfataricus_P2.proteins.fsa Sulfolobus_tokodaii_str_7.proteins.fsa Thermofilum_pendens_Hrk_5.proteins.fsa Thermoproteus_neutrophilus_V24Sta.proteins.fsa
20 1. Downloading Genomes and Prediction of Genes 2. Finding RNA genes and building a 16s rrna tree 3. Genome Atlases and BLAST matrices 4. Pan- Core- genome plots and BLAST atlases 20
21 Sulfolobus sp. 16s rrna tree Pyrobaculum sp. 21
22 1. Downloading Genomes and Prediction of Genes 2. Finding RNA genes and building a 16s rrna tree 3. Genome Atlases and BLAST matrices 4. Pan- Core- genome plots and BLAST atlases 22
23 Thermoproteus neutrophilus V24Sta Sulfolobus sp. Pyrobaculum sp. BLAST Matrices 23
24 1. Downloading Genomes and Prediction of Genes 2. Finding RNA genes and building a 16s rrna tree 3. Genome Atlases and BLAST matrices 4. Pan- Core- genome plots and BLAST atlases 24
25 Pan- Core genome plots 25
26 Pan- Core genome plots 26
27 THANK YOU 27
Whole-genome based Archaea phylogeny and taxonomy: A composition vector approach
Article SPECIAL TOPIC Bioinformatics August 2010 Vol.55 No.22: 2323 2328 doi: 10.1007/s11434-010-3008-8 Whole-genome based Archaea phylogeny and taxonomy: A composition vector approach SUN JianDong 1*,
Classifying Prokaryotes: Eubacteria Plasma Membrane. Ribosomes. Plasmid (DNA) Capsule. Cytoplasm. Outer Membrane DNA. Flagellum.
Bacteria The yellow band surrounding this hot spring is sulfur, a waste product of extremophilic prokaryotes, probably of the Domain Archaea, Kingdom Archaebacteria. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells (no
Dr Mike Dyall-Smith. Archaea: Main points. Archaea: Discovery. Archaea: Discovery. Discovery of the Archaea. Lecture: Archaeal diversity
Lecture: Archaeal diversity Dr Mike Dyall-Smith Haloarchaea Research Lab., Lab 3.07 mlds@unimelb.edu.au Reference: Microbiology (Prescott et al., 6th). Chapter 20. Archaea: Main points Discovery of a third
Archaea Ancient Oddities
Archaea Ancient Oddities Death in Yellowstone If the waters of Yellowstone are so deadly, can anything survive in them? Animal Bones in hot spring Dead Trees in Mammoth Hot Springs Yes, but how? A History
Prokaryotes Vs. Eukaryotes
The Microbial World Prokaryotes Vs. Eukaryotes Mircrobes of the Ocean Primary Producers Are the organisms that produce bio-mass from inorganic compounds (autotrophs). -Photosynthetic autotrophs Phytoplankton
Kingdom Bacteria Kingdom Archaea
Section 5.1 Kingdom Bacteria Kingdom Archaea p. 132-139 Kingdom Bacteria General Characteristics: Cell Type: all are prokaryotic. Body Form: most are unicellular, some are colonial. Three main shapes are:
MAJOR EPISODES IN THE HISTORY OF LIFE
MAJOR EPISODES IN THE HISTORY OF LIFE All the major phyla of animals evolved by the end of the Cambrian explosion, which began about 540 million years ago and lasted about 10 million years. Plants and
Outline 10: Origin of Life. Better Living Through Chemistry
Outline 10: Origin of Life Better Living Through Chemistry What is Life? Internal chemical activity providing growth, repair, and generation of energy. The ability to reproduce. The capacity to respond
Bio Microbiology - Spring 2010 Study Guide 18
Bio 230 - Microbiology - Spring 2010 Study Guide 18 Archaea Kingdom Crenarchaeota: mainly hyperthermophiles Kingdom Euryarchaeota: methanogens, halophiles, Thermoplasma & Archaeoglobus Kingdom Korarchaeota:
TRACING BACK TO THE BEGINNING
BACTERIA! TRACING BACK TO THE BEGINNING PROKARYOTES KINGDOM EUBACTERIA KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA CHARACTERISTICS: 1. NO NUCLEUS 2. NO MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES 4. MOST ARE SMALLER THAN EUKARYOTES 5. ARE SINGLE-CELLED
Chapter 1. Basics of Microbiology
Chapter 1 Basics of Microbiology Objectives How microorganisms are classified (taxonomy) What they look like (morphology) The major divisions among microorganisms based upon their function in the environment
Extreme Life on Earth. Stephen Eikenberry 13 September 2012 AST 2037
Extreme Life on Earth Stephen Eikenberry 13 September 2012 AST 2037 1 Life on Earth So far, we have focused on normal life on Earth The sort of standard critters, plants, and bacteria we are used to We
MICROBIOLOGIA GENERALE. The Archaea
MICROBIOLOGIA GENERALE The Archaea The Archaea s traits 1. The cell wall of Archaea: pseudopeptidoglycan, polysaccharide, glycoprotein 2. The cytoplasmic membrane of Archaea: ether linkage, glycerol
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ CHARACTERIZATION OF ARCHAEAL SPECIES THROUGH RNASE P AND TRANSFER RNAS
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ CHARACTERIZATION OF ARCHAEAL SPECIES THROUGH RNASE P AND TRANSFER RNAS A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR
Supplementary material
Table 1: The number of protein sequences listed for the BacelLo training data set according to each origin and localization. Localization Plants Animal Fungi chloroplast (ch) 204 - - cytoplasm (cy) 58
Evolution of replicative DNA polymerases in archaea and their contributions to the eukaryotic replication machinery
REVIEW ARTICLE published: 1 July 014 doi: 10.33/fmicb.014.00354 Evolution of replicative DNA polymerases in archaea and their contributions to the eukaryotic replication machinery Kira S. Makarova 1, Mart
9/8/2017. Bacteria and Archaea. Three domain system: The present tree of life. Structural and functional adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success
5 m 2 m 9/8/2017 Three domain system: The present tree of life Bacteria and Archaea Chapter 27 Structural and functional adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success Unicellular Small Variety of shapes
Double-stranded DNA is the molecule that
Archaeology of Eukaryotic DNA Replication Kira S. Makarova and Eugene V. Koonin National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Origins - Three Domain Classification PROKARYOTES
Bacteria Origins - Three Domain Classification EU PROKARYOTES I. Origins of Bacteria Prokaryotes Eubacteria Archaebacteria A. Prokaryotes = 1. Kingdom Eubacteria 2. Kingdom Archaebacteria 3. Prokaryote
Kingdom Monera(Archaebacteria & Eubacteria)
Kingdom Monera(Archaebacteria & All bacteria are prokaryotes Characteristics: 1. No nucleus Eubacteria) 2. No membrane bound organelles 3. Smaller & less ribosomes 4. Most are smaller than eukaryotes 5.
MICROBIAL GROUPS CE 421/521
MICROBIAL GROUPS CE 421/521 Chapter 10 in Vaccari et.al. www.ibuf.coartuja.csic.es www.environmentaleverage.com www.astrosurf.com www.lbl.gov www.library.thinkquest.org www.ecosys.uni-erlangen.de erlangen.de
The Hadean Earth Gya Impacts melt the surface. Volatiles escape to space
Life on Earth. II 4.5-3.9 Gya Impacts melt the surface. Volatiles escape to space The Hadean Earth Source of atmosphere, oceans: outgassing and impacts Early atmosphere: CO 2, H 2 O, N 2, H 2 S, SO 2,
Phys 214. Planets and Life
Phys 214. Planets and Life Dr. Cristina Buzea Department of Physics Room 259 E-mail: cristi@physics.queensu.ca (Please use PHYS214 in e-mail subject) Lecture 16. Phylogenetic tree. Metabolism. Carbon and
Outline. Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea. Viruses Structure Classification Reproduction Prokaryotes Structure Reproduction Nutrition Bacteria Archaea
Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea Chapter 21 Viruses Structure Classification Reproduction Prokaryotes Structure Reproduction Nutrition Bacteria Archaea Outline The Viruses The Viruses Viruses are noncellular
Classification. Old 5 Kingdom system. New 3 Domain system. reflects a greater understanding of evolution & molecular evidence
Classification Old 5 Kingdom system Monera, Protists, Plants, Fungi, Animals New 3 Domain system reflects a greater understanding of evolution & molecular evidence Prokaryote: Bacteria Prokaryote: Archaebacteria
Lecture 2 Carbon and Energy Transformations
1.018/7.30J Fall 2003 Fundamentals of Ecology Lecture 2 Carbon and Energy Transformations READINGS FOR NEXT LECTURE: Krebs Chapter 25: Ecosystem Metabolism I: Primary Productivity Luria. 1975. Overview
Metagenomics of Kamchatkan hot spring filaments reveal two new major (hyper)thermophilic lineages related to Thaumarchaeota
Research in Microbiology 164 (2013) 425e438 www.elsevier.com/locate/resmic Metagenomics of Kamchatkan hot spring filaments reveal two new major (hyper)thermophilic lineages related to Thaumarchaeota Laura
There are 5 kingdoms: Animalia multicellular animals, heterotrophic (eat other things), evolved 700,000,000 years ago (1,000,000 2,000,000 species)
Classification The modern system of naming gives each living thing 7 names. Each name is a little more specific than the one before it. The categories are (in order from least to most specific): Kingdom
The Tree of Life. Metabolic Pathways. Calculation Of Energy Yields
The Tree of Life Metabolic Pathways Calculation Of Energy Yields OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems 8/27/09 Earth s History (continental crust) 170 Oldest oceanic crust Ga = billions of years ago The Traditional
Announcements KEY CONCEPTS
What do these things have in common? Announcements Lab this week: bring textbook and photo atlas. Relevant reading BEFORE lab: Ch. 30 http://i.cnn.net/cnn/specials/2001/trade.center/images/anthrax.jpg
3. Evolutionary change is random because gene mutations are random. A. True B. False
Clicker Questions, Test 2 February 9, 2015, Outline 7 1. Darwin coined the term Natural Selection to contrast with what other term? A. Evolutionary Selection B. Competition C. Artificial Selection D. Survival
BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA 10/15/2012
BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA Chapter 27 KEY CONCEPTS: Structural and functional adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success Rapid reproduction, mutation, and genetic recombination promote genetic diversity in
Archaic chaos: intrinsically disordered proteins in Archaea
RESEARCH Open Access Archaic chaos: intrinsically disordered proteins in Archaea Bin Xue 1,2, Robert W Williams 3, Christopher J Oldfield 2,4, A Keith Dunker 1,2, Vladimir N Uversky 1,2,5* From The ISIBM
Principles of Cellular Biology
Principles of Cellular Biology آشنایی با مبانی اولیه سلول Biologists are interested in objects ranging in size from small molecules to the tallest trees: Cell Basic building blocks of life Understanding
ET Life #17. Today: Reminders: Energy of Life. Paper Proposal Due Friday First Mid-term Next Monday
ET Life #17 Today: Energy of Life Reminders: Paper Proposal Due Friday First Mid-term Next Monday Origin of Life: Summary 1. Early Organic Molecules 2. Complex organics developed (mineral templates?).
Exploring Microbes in the Sea. Alma Parada Postdoctoral Scholar Stanford University
Exploring Microbes in the Sea Alma Parada Postdoctoral Scholar Stanford University Cruising the ocean to get us some microbes It s all about the Microbe! Microbes = microorganisms an organism that requires
Received 7 March 2010/Accepted 16 June 2010
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Aug. 2010, p. 5652 5657 Vol. 76, No. 16 0099-2240/10/$12.00 doi:10.1128/aem.00599-10 Copyright 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. The
Archaeal Cell Structure. Copyright McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4 Archaeal Cell Structure Copyright McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 4.1 A typical Archaeal Cell 2 Archaea Highly diverse with respect to morphology,
The Classification of Life
You Never Know! The Classification of Life How would you do it and why? What can we learn from this exercise about the evolutionary relationships among organisms on earth? Classification Possibilities
Kingdom Monera Bacteria
Kingdom Monera Bacteria Common bacteria Prokaryotes Strep throat Anthrax Chlamydia E. coli Meningitis Salmonella Micrococcus(intestinal) Streptococcus mutans Haemophilusinfluenzae Cellphonious bacterious
Cell Cycle Characteristics of Crenarchaeota: Unity among Diversity
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Aug. 2008, p. 5362 5367 Vol. 190, No. 15 0021-9193/08/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/jb.00330-08 Copyright 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Cell Cycle Characteristics
The Prokaryotic World
The Prokaryotic World A. An overview of prokaryotic life There is no doubt that prokaryotes are everywhere. By everywhere, I mean living in every geographic region, in extremes of environmental conditions,
Define: Alleles. Define: Chromosome. In DNA and RNA, molecules called bases pair up in certain ways.
Alleles Chromosome In DNA and RNA, molecules called bases pair up in certain ways. How do the bases A, C, G, T, and U match up in DNA? How about RNA? Summarize the cell process called protein synthesis!
KINGDOM MONERA. Bacterial Cell Shape 8/22/2010. The Prokaryotes: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
KINGDOM MONERA The Prokaryotes: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Bacteria are the most organisms living on the Earth. (i.e. 10mL of soil contains 1 x 10 10 bacteria. They are found in nearly every habitat
The Microbial World. Microorganisms of the Sea
The Microbial World Microorganisms of the Sea Microorganisms Smallest, simplest marine organisms. Very important in evolutionary history of life on Earth. Important primary producers. Include prokaryotes
Organizing Life s Diversity
17 Organizing Life s Diversity section 3 Domains and Kingdoms The most widely used biological classification system has six kingdoms within three domains. What You ll Learn major characteristics of the
Calculating extra credit from clicker points. Total points through last week: Participation: 6 x 2 = 12 Performance: = 26
Clicker Questions, Test 2 February 10, 2016, Outline 7 1. Darwin coined the term Natural Selection to contrast with what other term? A. Evolutionary Selection B. Competition C. Artificial Selection D.
Oceans: the cradle of life? Chapter 5. Cells: a sense of scale. Head of a needle
Oceans: the cradle of life? Highest diversity of life, particularly archae, bacteria, and animals Will start discussion of life in the ocean with prokaryote microorganisms Prokaryotes are also believed
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS, THIRTEENTH EDITION. Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, David A. Stahl, David P.
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS, THIRTEENTH EDITION Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, David A. Stahl, David P. Clark Chapter 17-18 Bacteria Lectures by John Zamora Middle
Lecture 1: CS 425 Introduc3on. Spring 2017 January 17, 2017
Lecture 1: CS 425 Introduc3on Spring 2017 January 17, 2017 In this lecture Logis3cs of the course Introduc3on to basic biology which will con3nue in the following lecture Logis3cs of the Course Logis3cs
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS Vol. II - Prokaryotic Diversity - T. G. Downing
PROKARYOTIC DIVERSITY T. G., Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Port Elizabeth, South Africa Keywords: Archaeobacteria, Bergey s Manual, classification, diversity, Eubacteria, evolution,
Microbial Diversity. Yuzhen Ye I609 Bioinformatics Seminar I (Spring 2010) School of Informatics and Computing Indiana University
Microbial Diversity Yuzhen Ye (yye@indiana.edu) I609 Bioinformatics Seminar I (Spring 2010) School of Informatics and Computing Indiana University Contents Microbial diversity Morphological, structural,
Classification Cladistics & The Three Domains of Life. Biology Mrs. Flannery
Classification Cladistics & The Three Domains of Life Biology Mrs. Flannery Finding Order in Diversity Earth is over 4.5 billion years old. Life on Earth appeared approximately 3.5 billion years ago and
The RNA component of the RNase P
RNA Families RNA Biology 9:9, 1155 1160; September 2012; 2012 Landes Bioscience RNA Families Modeling the Thermoproteaceae RNase P RNA Patricia P. Chan, 1 James W. Brown 2 and Todd M. Lowe 1, * 1 Department
Microorganisms in the Environment Unique Adaptations, Basic Metabolism, and Evolution
Microorganisms in the Environment Unique Adaptations, Basic Metabolism, and Evolution Nova Acta Leopoldina NF 96, Nr. 356, 13 18 (2008) Hyperthermophiles Life in a Hot and Inorganic Environment Karl O.
STEMscopedia: PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
B.L 14.2 and 14.3 Reflect Take a moment to think about all of the living things on Earth. There is great diversity among organisms, from microscopic bacteria to massive blue whales the largest animals
Requirements for Life. What is Life? Definition of Life. One of the biggest questions in astronomy is whether life exists elsewhere in the universe
Requirements for Life One of the biggest questions in astronomy is whether life exists elsewhere in the universe Before we discuss the possibility of life elsewhere, we must have a better understanding
AST 205. Lecture 18. November 19, 2003 Microbes and the Origin of Life. Precept assignment for week of Dec 1
AST 205. Lecture 18. November 19, 2003 Microbes and the Origin of Life Context Definition of life Cells, the atoms of life Major classes & families of cells Origin/evolution of biochemistry of life Origin/evolution
Cells & Bacteria Notes
Cells & Bacteria Notes 4 Major Macromolecules Macromolecules are large molecules. The four groups of macromolecules are essential to the structure and function of a cell. Group Building Block Large Molecule
Origins of Life & the Cambrian Explosion
Origins of Life & the Cambrian Explosion Impact Frustration period forces origins of life into a narrow time period to have gotten started! Hydrothermal vents may have served as zones of refuge. Origin
Origins of Life & the Cambrian Explosion
Origins of Life & the Cambrian Explosion Impact Frustration period forces origins of life into a narrow time period to have gotten started! Hydrothermal vents may have served as zones of refuge. 1 Origin
Chapter 17B. Table of Contents. Section 1 Introduction to Kingdoms and Domains. Section 2 Advent of Multicellularity
Introduction to the Kingdoms of Life Table of Contents Section 2 Advent of Multicellularity Section 3 Complex Multicellularity The Six Kingdoms of Life Living organisms are divided into six kingdoms and
Review Article Diversity of the DNA Replication System in the Archaea Domain
Archaea, Article ID 675946, 15 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/675946 Review Article Diversity of the DNA Replication System in the Archaea Domain Felipe Sarmiento, 1 Feng Long, 1 Isaac Cann, 2 and
4/17/2014. Prokaryotes have inhabited the Earth for billions of years
Prokaryotes have inhabited the Earth for billions of years Fossil evidence shows that prokaryotes were abundant 3.5 bya, and they evolved alone for the following 2 billion years. Prokaryotes are ubiquitous,
dition-test-bank
Link download full: Biology Exploring the Diversity of Life 2nd Edition Test Bank https://digitalcontentmarket.org/download/biology-exploring-the-diversity-of-life-2nd-e dition-test-bank CHAPTER 3 Defining
INTRO TO MICROBIOLOGY
INTRO TO MICROBIOLOGY Spring 2015 Peering through the microscope into a drop of seawater is like looking at stars with a telescope on a clear night. Dr. Gallardo, ocean researcher What will you be studying
(A) Heterotrophs produce some organic nutrients, and must absorb inorganic nutrients from the environment.
MCAT Biology - Problem Drill 09: Prokaryotes and Fungi Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully; (2) Work the problems on paper as needed; (3) Pick the correct
A brief history of the discovery of hyperthermophilic life
416 Biochemical Society Transactions (2013) Volume 41, part 1 A brief history of the discovery of hyperthermophilic life Karl O. Stetter 1 University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg,
Isolation and Identification of Haloalkaliphilic Archaeal Isolates from a Soda Lake in India
Isolation and Identification of Haloalkaliphilic Archaeal Isolates from a Soda Lake in India Gopal N. Kalambe 1, Vivek N. Upasani 2 Research Student, Department of Microbiology, JJTU, Vidyanagari, Jhunjhunu,
Midterm Exam #1 : In-class questions! MB 451 Microbial Diversity : Spring 2015!
Midterm Exam #1 : In-class questions MB 451 Microbial Diversity : Spring 2015 Honor pledge: I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this test. Signed : Name : Date : TOTAL = 45 points 1.
Bacteria and Viruses. 1 Bacteria CHAPTER 18. MAINIDEA Bacteria are prokaryotic cells.
CHAPTER 18 Bacteria and Viruses 1 Bacteria 7(F), 8(B), 8(C), 11(C), 12(A) Before You Read When you hear the word bacteria, what comes to mind? On the lines below, describe places you think bacteria might
Diversity of Halophilic Archaea from Ezzemoul Sabkha in Algeria
Óbuda University e-bulletin Vol. 5, No. 1, 2015 Diversity of Halophilic Archaea from Ezzemoul Sabkha in Algeria Karima Kharroub 1, Amine Mohamed Gomri 1, Mercedes Monteoliva-Sanchez 2 1 Department of Biotechnology/
Intro to Prokaryotes Lecture 1 Spring 2014
Intro to Prokaryotes Lecture 1 Spring 2014 Meet the Prokaryotes 1 Meet the Prokaryotes 2 Meet the Prokaryotes 3 Why study prokaryotes? Deep Time 4 Fig. 25.7 Fossilized stromatolite (above) and living stromatolite
Physiological diversity
Physiological diversity Principles Energetic considerations Biochemical pathways Organisms Ecological relevance Physiological diversity Sulfate- and nitrate reducers (5. Nov.) Methanogens and homoacetogens
Vocabulary- Bacteria (34 words)
Biology II BACTERIA Vocabulary- Bacteria (34 words) 1. Prokaryote 21. phototroph 2. Peptidoglycan 22. chemotroph 3. Methanogen 23. obligate anaerobe 4. Halophile 24. facultative anaerobe 5. Thermoacidophile
Supplementary Material and Figures
Supplementary Material and Figures Nutrient transport suggests an evolutionary basis for charged archaeal surface layer proteins Po-Nan Li et al. Supplementary Figure S1. Numerical convergence of the simulation.
Biol 1409: Study Guide for Exam I. Introduction to Diversity
Biol 1409: Study Guide for Exam I Introduction to Diversity 1. Define Biosphere and describe where it is found 2. Describe why our planet is so hospitable to life 3. Name and briefly describe the major
Viruses. Viruses. Chapter 5. Prokaryotes. Prokaryotes. Prokaryotes
Viruses Chapter 5 The Microbial World Non-cellular infectious agents that have two basic characteristics: Not capable of reproduction without a host cell Structure: Nucleic acid core- can be DNA or RNA
Hyperthermophilic Archaea
166 Hyperthermophilic Archaea Hyperthermophilic Archaea Boonsri Jongsareejit * Abstract Archaea is considered to have the slowest evolution among all organisms. Studies on the genome structure of archaea
EUBACTERIA CYTOLOGY CHLOROPLAST: ABSENT RIBOSOME CAPSULE CELL WALL PROTOPLAST CELL MEMBRANE NUCLEOID MESOSOME CYTOSOL FLAGELLA
EUBACTERIA CYTOLOGY * PERIFERAL MEMBRANE BOND ORGANELLES ABSENT RIBOSOME CAPSULE PROTOPLAST CELL WALL CELL MEMBRANE NUCLEOID CYTOSOL MESOSOME FLAGELLA CHLOROPLAST: ABSENT ^ MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES ABSENT
SPECIES OF ARCHAEA ARE MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO EUKARYOTES THAN ARE SPECIES OF PROKARYOTES.
THE TERMS RUN AND TUMBLE ARE GENERALLY ASSOCIATED WITH A) cell wall fluidity. B) cell membrane structures. C) taxic movements of the cell. D) clustering properties of certain rod-shaped bacteria. A MAJOR
PROPERTY OF: BIOLOGY UNIT 3 CHAPTER 19 NOTES THE HISTORY OF LIFE
PROPERTY OF: BIOLOGY UNIT 3 CHAPTER 19 NOTES THE HISTORY OF LIFE Spontaneous Generation - theory that life arises from non-life (early-mid 1700 s) EX: rotting meat became covered with flies and maggots
BBS2710 Microbial Physiology. Module 5 - Energy and Metabolism
BBS2710 Microbial Physiology Module 5 - Energy and Metabolism Topics Energy production - an overview Fermentation Aerobic respiration Alternative approaches to respiration Photosynthesis Summary Introduction
Supplementary information. Lysine and arginine biosyntheses mediated by a common carrier protein in Sulfolobus
Supplementary information Lysine and arginine iosyntheses mediated y a common carrier protein in Sulfolous Takuya Ouchi 1, Takeo Tomita 1, Akira Horie 1, Ayako Yoshida 1, Kento Takahashi 1, Hiromi Nishida
Biology Spring Final Exam Study Guide
Name: Hour: Basic Biology Skills Graphing Know the keys to creating a graph Know how to interpret a graph Independent variable Dependent variable Biology Spring Final Exam Study Guide Levels of Organization
DNA sequence analysis using Markov chain models
DNA sequence analysis using Markov chain models Boris Ryabko Siberian University of Telecommunication an Informatics, Institute of Computational Technologies, Siberian Branch of RAS Novosibirsk E-mail:
The invention of the microscope has opened to us a world of extraordinary numbers. A singular drop of pond water reveals countless life forms
Biology Chapter 19 Notes - Bacteria and Viruses The invention of the microscope has opened to us a world of extraordinary numbers. A singular drop of pond water reveals countless life forms I. Classifying
Chapter 19 Notes Kingdoms Archaebacteria andeubacteria
Chapter 19 Notes Kingdoms Archaebacteria andeubacteria All bacteria are Prokaryotic. This means that they are organisms that are one-celled and do not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.
MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE BIO 140 CHAPTER 4. Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE BIO 140 CHAPTER 4 Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells I. PROKARYOTES A. Structure Of The Cell: Chemical Composition And Function 1. Cell Wall a. composition
Microbiology - Problem Drill 04: Prokayotic & Eukaryotic Cells - Structures and Functions
Microbiology - Problem Drill 04: Prokayotic & Eukaryotic Cells - Structures and Functions No. 1 of 10 1. Eukaryote is a word that describes one of two living cell classifications. The word comes from Greek
A. Aristotle ( B.C.) Greek philosopher. 2 groups: plants & animals
Classification = the grouping of objects or organisms based on a set of criteria. i TAXONOMY = A branch of biology that groups and names organisms. I. History A. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) Greek philosopher
Honors Biology summer assignment. Review the notes and study them. There will be a test on this information the 1 st week of class
Honors Biology summer assignment Review the notes and study them. There will be a test on this information the 1 st week of class Biomolecules Molecules that make up living things. There are 4 molecules
Resources. Visual Concepts. Chapter Presentation. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter Presentation Visual Concepts Transparencies Standardized Test Prep Introduction to the Kingdoms of Life Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction to Kingdoms and Domains Section 2 Advent of Multicellularity
SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR GEOLOGY 103, TEST 2
SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR GEOLOGY 103, TEST 2 The correct answers are listed at the bottom (no peeking!). These questions are to give you an idea of the type of questions that will be asked. They are not a
I. Archaeal cell structure. (Chap 2 pg , Supplemental notes 3, 5)
Thurs, Jan 23, 2003 I. Archaeal cell structure. (Chap 2 pg. 450-453, Supplemental notes 3, 5) The Archaea are a diverse group of prokaryotic organisms that are very different from bacteria and from eucaryotes.
Microbes and Origins of Life. Evolution has occurred almost elusively in a microbial world!!!
Microbes and Origins of Life Evolution has occurred almost elusively in a microbial world!!! Impact Frustration period forces origins of life into a narrow time period to have gotten started! Hydrothermal
2015 FALL FINAL REVIEW
2015 FALL FINAL REVIEW Biomolecules & Enzymes Illustrate table and fill in parts missing 9A I can compare and contrast the structure and function of biomolecules. 9C I know the role of enzymes and how
Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals 2-Oxoacid Dehydrogenase Complex Lipoylation Correlation with Aerobiosis in Archaea
Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals 2-Oxoacid Dehydrogenase Complex Lipoylation Correlation with Aerobiosis in Archaea Kirill Borziak 1, Mareike G. Posner 2, Abhishek Upadhyay 2, Michael J. Danson 2,3,
Creating a Dichotomous Key
Dichotomous Keys A tool used that allows users to determine the identity of unknown species Keys consist of a series of choices, where the user selects from a series of connected pairs Each pair of choices
IV. Major events in biological development on Earth
IV. Major events in biological development on Earth Cambrian explosion We are trying to fill in some of the biological details in the timelines shown here. Meiosis UV shield Snowball Earth XX Horizontal