Classification. Old 5 Kingdom system. New 3 Domain system. reflects a greater understanding of evolution & molecular evidence
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1 Classification Old 5 Kingdom system Monera, Protists, Plants, Fungi, Animals New 3 Domain system reflects a greater understanding of evolution & molecular evidence Prokaryote: Bacteria Prokaryote: Archaebacteria Eukaryotes Protists Plants Fungi Animals Eukaryote Archaebacteria & Bacteria Prokaryote
2 Kingdom Bacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Protist Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plant Kingdom Animal
3 Prokaryotes Domain Bacteria Domain Archaebacteria Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor
4 Bacteria live EVERYWHERE! Bacteria live in all ecosystems on plants & animals in plants & animals in the soil in depths of the oceans in extreme cold in extreme hot in extreme salt on the living on the dead Microbes always find a way to make a living!
5 Bacterial diversity rods and spheres and spirals Oh My!
6 eukaryote cell Prokaryote Structure Unicellular bacilli, cocci, spirilli prokaryote cell Size 1/10 size of eukaryote cell 1 micron (1um) Internal structure no internal compartments no membrane-bound organelles only ribosomes circular chromosome, naked DNA not wrapped around proteins
7 Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Chromosome Prokaryote double helix Eukaryote
8 Variations in Cell Interior chloroplast cyanobacterium (photosythetic) bacterium mitochondria aerobic bacterium
9 Archaebacteria Environments: extreme environments they don t need oxygen or light Three divisions Methanogens: methane producing organisms Thermophiles: These can live in extremely hot, acidic environments like sulfur springs. Halophiles: Can only live in bodies of concentrated salt water, like the Dead Sea.
10 Eubacteria Cell Wall Structure That s important for your doctor to know! peptidoglycan = polysaccharides + amino acid chains lipopolysaccharides = lipids + polysaccharides
11 Eubacteria Cell Wall Structure That s important for your doctor to know! peptidoglycan = polysaccharides + amino acid chains lipopolysaccharides = lipids + polysaccharides
12 Prokaryotic metabolism How do bacteria acquire their energy & nutrients? photoautotrophs photosynthetic bacteria Chemoautotrophs oxidize inorganic compounds nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen heterotrophs live on plant & animal matter decomposers & pathogens
13 Genetic variation in bacteria conjugation Mutations bacteria can reproduce every 20 minutes binary fission error rate in copying DNA 1 in every 200 bacteria has a mutation you have billions of E. coli in your gut! lots of mutation potential! Genetic recombination bacteria swap genes plasmids small supplemental circles of DNA conjugation direct transfer of DNA
14 Bacteria as beneficial (& necessary) Life on Earth is dependent on bacteria decomposers recycling of nutrients from dead to living nitrogen fixation only organisms that can fix N from atmosphere needed for synthesis of proteins & nucleic acids plant root nodules help in digestion (E. coli) digest cellulose for herbivores cellulase enzyme produce vitamins K & B 12 for humans produce foods & medicines from yogurt to insulin
15 Bacteria as pathogens Disease-causing microbes plant diseases wilts, fruit rot, blights animal diseases tooth decay, ulcers anthrax, botulism plague, leprosy, flesh-eating disease STDs: gonorrhea, chlamydia typhoid, cholera TB, pneumonia lyme disease
16
17 Staph
18 Flesh Eating Bacteria: Necrotizing Faciitis
19 Meningitis Bacterial: can be fatal if not treated quickly Spread through respiratory and throat secretions Symptoms: headaches, stiff neck, high fever Viral: often misdiagnosed as the flu
20 Pneumonia
21 Strep:streptococcus
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