Langara College Spring archived

Transcription

1 Instructor: Office: COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE ANATOMY Anoush Dadgar A303k Office Phone: Office Hours: Lab Instructor: 10:30 M, T, W & Th or by appointment Sandy Connors Lab Phone: Text: Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. Kenneth V. Kardong Fourth Edition. McGraw-Hill Publishers. Manuals: Materials: Dissection Specimens: Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates - An Evolutionary Perspective. Karl Liem, William Bemis, Warren F. Walker, Lance Grande Third Edition. Thomson Publishers. Laboratory manual and lecture material will be posted on the mylangara college web site under the mycourses tab. Grades, useful web links, and pictures from the animal dissections will also be posted at this web site. Coloring pencils: yellow, red & blue (necessary for embryology). Laboratory coat (optional). Dissecting kit (shared between lab partners). Attempts have been made to reduce animal dissections as much as possible. However in order to study comparative anatomy, the dissection of representative vertebrates (dogfish, rabbit, mink, and cat) is necessary. Other preserved specimens (such as lamprey cross-sections and sheep brains) will be on display. TEXTBOOKS ON RESERVE IN LIBRARY AUTHOR YEAR Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution Kardong 2002 Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates An Evolutionary Perspective Liem, Bemis, Walker, Grande 2001 Analysis of Vertebrate Structure Hildebrand 2001 Atlas and Dissection Guide for Comparative Anatomy Wischnitzer 1993 Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates Kent 1992 Functional Chordate Anatomy Wolff 1991 The Vertebrate Body Romer

2 Mark Schedule: Grade Distribution: Attendance 5 Midterm Lecture Exam 40 Final Lecture Exam 55 Quizzes 30 Lab Exam I 25 Lab Exam II 25 Lab Assignments 20 Total 200 GRADE PERCENTAGE (%) A A A B B B C C C D F

3 Please Note: Biology 2350 is equivalent to Biology 204 at University of British Columbia, Biological Science 316 at Simon Fraser University, and Biology 200 (level) at the University of Victoria. The course consists of four hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory work per week. Students must attend all assigned lectures and laboratories. Absence from the first laboratory session will result in a "N" on your transcript. A passing grade for the laboratory portion is essential to obtain credit for this course. In order to pass the laboratory portion of the course, the average of the lab exams must be 50% or above. There are no make-up lab exams. The final lab exam mark will not be posted until after the withdrawal date. Plagiarism is the representation of another person's ideas or words as being one's own. Plagiarism in the laboratory assignments is not acceptable and may result in serious penalties. In order to be eligible to write a make-up lecture exam, a student must present a valid medical excuse stating that he/she was too ill to attend class on that day. Langara Health Services will not issue such an excuse. Students have to inform the instructor immediately, if they cannot write an exam because of an illness. There are no make-up lecture quizzes. Students can re-register for the same biology course only once. Course Outline: The course emphasis is on adaptive changes in form and function to enable vertebrates to survive in a particular environment. The course can be divided into four sections: I. Embryology with emphasis on "unity of form" - i.e. how every vertebrate is built from the same basic plan during early embryonic development, and thus shares a common ancestry. II. III. IV. Dogfish with emphasis on structural adaptations for an aquatic existence. Vertebrate Evolution. Vertebrate history is a story of transition from water to land (from fish to amphibians), from land to air (from reptiles to birds), and in some cases, from land to reinvasion of water (from terrestrial mammals to dolphins and whales). Comparative anatomy of organ systems to show the evolution of structures that allowed for the colonization of land (for example: the evolution of limbs from fins), and the structural adaptations to different terrestrial environments. 3

4 COURSE OUTLINE DATE LECTURE TOPICS LABS Week 1 January 8-12 Week 2 January Week 3 January Introduction: Directional Terms Body Planes Chordate Characteristics Embryology: Embryology of the Amphioxus: Morula Blastula Gastrula Neurulation Mesodermal Pouch Formation Primary Germ Layer Derivatives Embryology of the Frog: Yolk-Cleavage Problems Dogfish: Integument: Collagen Fibers Placoid Scales Chromatophores Digestive System: Homodont Esophageal Papillae Spiral Valve Rectal Gland Cloaca Respiratory System: Mechanism of Respiration Gill Structure Circulatory System: Gill Circulation Heart Urogenital System: Pronephros Opisthonephros Wolffian Duct Mullerian Duct Clasper Shell Gland Nervous System: Brain Development & Anatomy Cranial Nerves 4 Lab #1: Germ Layers, Origin & Unity of Form Lab #2: Dogfish Digestive, Urogenital & Circulatory Systems Lab #3: Dogfish Brain & Cranial Nerves

5 DATE LECTURE TOPICS LABS Week 4 January 29 - February 2 Week 5 February 5-9 Week 6 February Skeletal System: Neurocranium Splanchnocranium Vertebral Column Appendicular Skeleton Muscular System: Respiratory Muscles Extrinsic Eye Muscles Sensory System: Olfactory Capsule Eye Ear Lateral Line System Ampullae of Lorenzini Dogfish Locomotion: Propulsion Support Stability Comparative Aquatic Locomotion Evolution of Vertebrates: Agnatha Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes Amphibia Reptilia Aves Mammalia Integumentary System: Evolution of the Epidermis Derivatives of the Epidermis: Photophores Feathers, Hair & Scales Glands Claws, Nails & Hooves Antlers & Horns Baleens, Rattles, Tori & Beak Coverings Dermal Bone: Fish Scales Teeth Lab #4: Dogfish Eye & Ear Lab #5: The Integument & its Derivatives LAB EXAM I 5

6 DATE LECTURE TOPICS LABS Week 7 February February Week 8 February 26 - March 2 Week 9 March 5-9 Week 10 March Skeletal Material: Cartilage Bone Anatomy & Growth Structure of Long Bones Evolution of the Skull: Dermocranium Kinetic vs. Akinetic Skulls Sagittal vs. Nuchal Crests Temporal Fossae & Otic Notch Jaw Suspension Palate Weberian Ossicles Origin of the Middle Ear Fate of the Gill Arches Vertebral Column: SPRING BREAK No scheduled classes. College open. Development of Vertebrae Evolution & Anatomy of the Vertebral Column Ribs & Sternum Appendicular Skeleton: Evolution from Fins to Limbs Pectoral Girdle: Loss of Dermal Bone Pelvic Girdle Muscular System: MIDTERM LECTURE EXAM Extrinsic Eye Muscles Jaw Muscles Body Wall Musculature Circulatory System: Changes in the Aortic Arches Evolution of the Heart from Fish to Mammals Countercurrent Exchange Systems No Lab Lab #6: Vertebrate Skull Lab #7: Axial & Appendicular Skeleton Lab #8: Muscle, Digestive & Urogenital Systems 6

7 DATE LECTURE TOPICS LABS Week 11 March Week 12 March Week 13 April 2-5 April 10 & 11 April Nervous System: Choroid Plexus & Meninges Evolution of the Brain Evolution of the Spinal Cord Respiratory System: Operculum Evolution from Gills to Lungs Positive vs. Negative Pressure Breathing Faveoli vs. Alveoli Diaphragmatic Muscles vs. Diaphragm Air Sacs, Parabronchi & Air Capillaries Crosscurrent Exchange System & Uniform Pool Digestive System: Specializations of the Tongue Crop, Proventriculus & Gizzard Ruminant Stomach Villi & Caeca Urogenital System: Evolution of the Kidney: Archinephros Mesonephros Metanephros External vs. Internal Glomeruli Water & Salt Balance Types of Uteri Sensory System: Olfaction: Nasal Conchae Vomeronasal Organs Evolution of the Eye: Median Eye Complex Monocular vs. Binocular Vision Ciliary Body, Iris, Pupil, Cornea, Sclera, Choroid, Fovea Spectacles Evolution of the Outer & Inner Ear 7 Study Days Lab #9: The Brain & the Respiratory & Circulatory Systems LAB EXAM II No Lab FINAL LECTURE EXAM The exam will be 120 minutes and will cover the entire course. The exam will have more emphasis on the material after the midterm exam.

8 Please note: April 6 April 9 March 30 Good Friday. College closed. Easter Monday. College closed. Last day for withdrawal 8