Mesoderm Development
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3 Mesoderm Development Resources: Larsen s Human Embryology The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology Dr Annemiek Beverdam School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Wallace Wurth Building Room 234 A.Beverdam@unsw.edu.au
4 Week 3 Lecture overview Gastrulation Early Mesoderm Development Notochord Paraxial Mesoderm Intermediate Mesoderm Lateral Plate Mesoderm Dr Annemiek Beverdam School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Wallace Wurth Building Room 234 A.Beverdam@uq.edu.au
5 Gastrulation Week 3 Ingression of epiblast cells: EMT transition Generation of definitive endoderm Generation of intra-embryonic mesoderm Oropharyngeal and cloacal membrane Embryonic ectoderm
6 End product gastrulation: Trilaminar embryo Ectoderm (Neural crest) brain, spinal cord, eyes, peripheral nervous system epidermis of skin and associated structures, melanocytes, cranial connective tissues (dermis) Mesoderm musculo-skeletal system limbs connective tissue of skin and organs urogenital system, heart, blood cells Endoderm epithelial linings of gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts
7 Embryonic development: Page 342 S.F. Gilbert Developmental Biology 5th edition
8 Early Mesoderm Development
9 Early Mesoderm Development Neural Tube : notochord 2: paraxial mesoderm 3: intermediate mesoderm 4: lateral plate mesoderm
10 Early Mesoderm Development Neural Tube : notochord 2: paraxial mesoderm 3: intermediate mesoderm 4: lateral plate mesoderm
11 1: Notochord Hollow Notochordal plate Solid Axial mesoderm Transient Development Neurenteric canal Crucial signalling centre Mechanical role in embryonic folding
12 1: Notochord
13 Early Mesoderm Development Neural Tube : notochord 2: paraxial mesoderm 3: intermediate mesoderm 4: lateral plate mesoderm
14 2: Paraxial Mesoderm Cranial: Unsegmented paraxial mesoderm: head mesenchyme Trunk: Segmented paraxial mesoderm: somites
15 2: Paraxial Mesoderm Somitogenesis Block-like bilateral condensations of the paraxial mesoderm Form every 90 minuts in a cranial to caudal direction (day 20 to day 30) Segmentation clock depends on Hes7 transcription/translation 44 max are formed, 33 remain Give rise to axial skeleton and musculature, dermis of the trunk
16 2: Paraxial Mesoderm Somite Development Somites develop into: - Sclerotome: mesenchymal cells (vertebral body and intervertebral disk) - Dermomyotome: columnar epithelium Dermomyotome develops into: - Dermatome: dermis of the trunk - Myotome: trunk musculature
17 2: Paraxial Mesoderm Somite Development Sonic hedgehog (Shh) (notochord and floor plate): ventral somites. BMP-4: lateral somites. Wnt family proteins (roof plate): dorsal somites.
18 2: Paraxial Mesoderm Somite Derivative Specification depends on AP level/hox code 7: cervical region 12: thoracic region 5: lumbar region 5: sacral region 4: caudal region (tail)
19 2: Paraxial Mesoderm Somite Development
20 2: Paraxial Mesoderm Myotome Development Epaxial myotome: epimere: erector spinae Hypoaxial myotome: hypomere: 3 primary muscle layers MyoD initiates myogenesis
21 2: Paraxial Mesoderm Myotome Development
22 2: Paraxial Mesoderm Dermatome Development Embryonic dermatomes will form the dermis Postnatal dermatome is a strip of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve
23 Early Mesoderm Development Neural Tube : notochord 2: paraxial mesoderm 3: intermediate mesoderm 4: lateral plate mesoderm
24 3: Intermediate Mesoderm Segmented and unsegmented intermediate mesoderm Mesonephric duct Urogenital sinus Mesonephric tubules Ureteric buds
25 3: Intermediate Mesoderm 3 nephric systems: - Pronephros: regress - Mesonephros: reproductive system, and collecting duct and tubules of the kidney - Metanephros: nephrons of the kidney
26 Early Mesoderm Development Neural Tube : notochord 2: paraxial mesoderm 3: intermediate mesoderm 4: lateral plate mesoderm
27 4: Lateral Plate Mesoderm Lateral plate mesoderm develops into: - Splanchnic/visceral mesoderm - Somatic/parietal mesoderm Intraembryonic coelom: 3 cavities: - Pericard - Pleural - Peritoneal
28 4: Lateral Plate Mesoderm Somatic/parietal mesoderm: somatopleure - Closest to ectoderm - Gives rise to: Connective tissue and lining of the body wall Bones, ligaments and dermis of the limbs Splanchnic/visceral mesoderm: splanchnopleure - Closest to endoderm - Gives rise to: Cardiac mesoderm (prechordal splanchnic mesoderm) Blood vessels Smooth muscles of the gut
29 Embryonic development: Page 342 S.F. Gilbert Developmental Biology 5th edition
30 Week 3 Lecture overview Placentation Body axes Gastrulation Axis formation Embryo folding Lecture contents relevant to Labs 3 and 7 Resources: Larsen s Human Embryology The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology Dr Annemiek Beverdam School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Wallace Wurth Building Room 234 A.Beverdam@unsw.edu.au
31
Head and Face Development
Head and Face Development Resources: http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/ Larsen s Human Embryology The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology Dr Annemiek Beverdam School of Medical Sciences,
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