研究论文. (Harpadon nehereus) (Aulopiformes), (Synodontidae), (Harpadon), , 18(5): Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

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1 2011 9, 18(5): Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 研究论文 DOI: /SP.J 潘绪伟 1,2, 程家骅 1 1.,, ; 2., 摘要 : (Harpadon nehereus),,, 39,, 84.13% (Harpadon nehereus) (Pseudosciaena polyactis) (Apogonichthys lineatus) (Johnius belengerii) (Oratosquilla oratoria), ;,, ;, 100 mm 250 mm, 250 mm, 3.80, : ; ; ; ; ; 中图分类号 : S93 文献标志码 : A 文章编号 : (2011) (Harpadon nehereus) (Aulopiformes), (Synodontidae), (Harpadon),, [1 2],,,,,,,,,, [3], [4],,,, [5],, [6 11], [12],, ,,, 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : ( ); ( ) (2008T04, 2009M01). 作者简介 : (1985 ),,,. pxwqd@163.com 通信作者 :,. ziyuan@sh163.net

2 5 : , (4 6 )140 (7 9 )93 (10 12 )86 (1 3 )121, 450 ( 1), 64~280 mm, (252 ) (151 ) (47 )3,, 30 / 1.2,,, ( g), ( 0 IV ), [13],, [14 15], [16] 1.3 (W, %) (N, %) (F, %), : 饵料生物质量质量百分比 ( W, %) 100% (1) 食物团质量饵料生物个数数量百分比 ( N, %)= 100% (2) 食物团生物总数饵料生物出现次数出现频率 ( F, %) 100% (3) 总非空胃数 1 Fig. 1 Sampling area of Harpadon nehereus

3 饵料生物相对出现率 (%) 饵料生物出现频次 100% 各饵料生物出现频次总和 (4) 空胃数空胃率 (%) 100% (5) 总胃数 食物质量胃饱满指数 (%) 100% (6) 鱼体质量, 50~100 mm 100~150 mm 150~200 mm 200~250 mm 250~300 mm 5, Shannon-Wiener H [17], ( ) : s H Pi ln Pi (7) i 1 : s, P i ( 2) Primer6.0, Bray-Curtis,, [18] [19] : n TL 1 DC TL (8) i j 1 i j j : TL i i ; TL j j ; DC ij j i, ( 4) ( ), 1 1 ; 2 ( ) 2 ; 3 ( ), 3 ; FishBase food item table [20] 2 2.1, 47.50%, 3, 70%, (x 2 =13.88, P<0.01), 10.75%;, 2.91%, (P<0.05)( 2) (x 2 =24.73, P<0.01) (F=8.28, P<0.001) 250~300 mm, 40.00%, (P<0.001), (P>0.05, 3) Fig. 2 2 Percentage of empty stomachs and mean stomach fullness indices of Harpadon nehereus in different seasons

4 5 : 1135 Fig. 3 3 Percentage of empty stomachs and mean stomach fullness indices of Harpadon nehereus of different length groups , 4,, 84.13%; (14.83%)( 1), 5 (36.96%) (Pseudosciaena polyactis)(13.22%) (Apogonichthys lineatus)(12.50%) (Johnius belengerii) (5.75%) (Oratosquilla oratoria)(6.94%), 75.38%,, 21.48% 19.44%;, 16.78% 18.06%,, 6.94%, (Plesionika izumiae), ( 1) 2.3, 250 mm 250 mm, 14.23%(P< 0.05), 250 mm, 50~100 mm 100~250 mm 31.49%(P<0.05), ( 4), 50~100 mm 250~300 mm, 50~100 mm (>90%); 100~150 mm 150~ 200 mm 200~250 mm,, 50%, ( 5); 250~300 mm (70.16%), 250 mm ( 2) 2.4, ( 70%),, ; 鳀 ;, 60%( 3)

5 Tab. 1 表 1 东海区长江口外海龙头鱼食物组成 Diet composition of Harpadon nehereus over the East China Sea areas adjacent to Changjiang River Estuary prey item /% weight percentage /% numerical percentage /% frequency of occurrence Pisces Harpadon nehereus Pseudosciaena polyactis Apogonichthys lineatus Johnius belengerii Trichiurus haumela 鳀 Engraulis japonicus Argyrosomus argentatus Setipinna taty Coilia mystus Stolephorus commersoni Trachurus japonicus 鲉 Erisphex potti Bregmaceros macclellandi Acropoma japonicum 鳀 Thrissa kammalensis Saurida sp Chaeturichthys stigmatias Champsodon snyderi Benthosema pterotum unidentified pisces Crustacea Decapoda Solenocera melantho Trachypenaeus curvirostris Plesionika izumiae Heterocarpoides levicarina Leptochela gracilis Acetes chinensis Palaemon gravieri Solenocera crassicornis Crangon affinis Exopalaemon carinicouda Parapenaeus fissuroides Metapenaeopsis dalei Solenocera koelbeli unidentified decapoda Stomatopoda Oratosquilla oratoria Crabs 蟳 Charybdis bimaculata Cephalopoda Loligo edulis Abralia multihamata Loligo spp jellyfish jellyfish : + 0.7%. Note: + indicates that the percentage was lower than 0. 7%.

6 5 : 1137 Fig. 4 4 Dendrogram showing clustering of dietary compositions by length groups of Harpadon nehereus 2.5, (8) ,, 30, 84.13%;, 36.96%; 4 ( 1), [12],,, [12],,,,,,,, [21] 3.2, 50~100 mm (>90%), 1.48; 250~300 mm (70.16%), 1.04;, 3 (P<0.05 2, 5),, ( 4) 100 mm 250 mm Fig. 5 5 Change of weight percentage of major prey species with size classes of Harpadon nehereus 表 2 龙头鱼各体长组的饵料生境宽度 Tab. 2 Dietary breadth calculated for each size class of Harpadon nehereus /mm size class Shannon-Wiener H

7 Tab. 3 表 3 龙头鱼各季节的主要饵料组成 Seasonal changes of major prey species for Harpadon nehereus autumn winter spring summer prey species W N F W N F W N F W N F Harpadon nehereus Pseudosciaena polyactis Apogonichthys lineatus Johnius belengerii Oratosquilla oratoria 鳀 Engraulis japonicus Acropoma japonicum Plesionika izumiae Heterocarpoides levicarina jellyfish : W (%), N (%), F (%). + 5%. Note: W is weight percentage; N is quantity percentage; F is occurrence frequency. + indicates that the percentage was smaller than 5%. %, 250 mm, [22],, 1, (54~205 mm),, ( ) [23 24],,,, [25],,, [26],,, [27] 3.3,,, ;,, ( 2, 3) [28],,,,, [29] ;,, [30],,,, [31] 3.4, [32] [33], ,,, 20 80,,,,,

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9 Feeding ecology of Harpadon nehereus in areas adjacent to Changjiang River estuary PAN Xuwei 1,2, CHENG Jiahua 1 1. East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key and Open Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai , China; 2. College of Marine Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai , China Abstract: Harpadon nehereus, a benthic dwelling fish distributing throughout the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific, plays an important role in marine ecosystems. Despite its abundance and importance to fisheries, little is known about the biology of this species. We evaluated ontogenetic and diet variation in the feeding ecology of H. nehereus in the areas adjacent to the Changjiang River Estuary. We collected a total of 450 individuals ranging in size from mm standard length (SL) during monthly surveys in the south Yellow Sea and the north East China Sea between September 2009 and August Based on stomach content analysis, H. nehereus was a generalist. We identified 39 prey species, of which other fish were the most abundant, accounting for 84.13% of the total food by weight. At the species level, the primary prey were H. nehereus, Pseudosciaena polyactis, Apogonichthys lineatus, Johnius belengerii, and Oratosquilla oratoria. The feeding intensity, as indicated by the percentage of empty stomachs and the mean stomach fullness index, varied significantly among seasons. Feeding activity was the highest in autumn and lowest in winter. There were significant seasonal differences in the diet of H. nehereus. Decapods were more important in spring, whereas fish were more important during other seasons. Both the feeding intensity and diet composition varied significantly among different size classes. There were two abrupt changes in diet composition at about 100 and 250 mm SL, the latter characterized by a switch from euryphagy to stenophagy. The trophic level of Harpadon nehereus was 3.80, suggesting that this species was a high level predator within the food web in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Key words: Harpadon nehereus; the areas adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary; nutrition ecology; feeding intensity; seasonal variation; length variation Corresponding author: CHENG Jiahua. ziyuan@sh163.net