CAGS. The First Marine Observation Network System: Neptune Canada Submarine Observation Technology. JI Zai-liang 1), DONG Shu-wen 2)

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1 Jan : Acta Geoscientica Sinica Vol.33 No.1: www. 地球学报.com 摘 加拿大 海王星 海底观测技术 1), 2) 1) V8N5J6; 2), 要 :, 5,,, ; ; ; ; ; ;, ; ; ; 关键词 : ; ; ; ; ; 9 中图分类号 : PT1; TP 文献标志码 : A doi: /cagsb The First Marine Observation Network System: Neptune Canada Submarine Observation Technology JI Zai-liang 1), DONG Shu-wen 2) 1) Earth and Ocean College, Victoria University, Victoria, Canada V8N5J6; 2) Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing Abstract: Neptune Canada is the first marine observation network system. It is to cover the Juan de Faca Plate of the whole northeast Pacific Ocean region and thus will turn over a new page in the earth science research. Through the main arterial photo-electric cable, it connects instruments and equipment at five nodes and makes long-term real-time observation at sea bottom. With a strong data management and filing system, it transmits observation data in a real-time way for scientists and science enthusiasts to use free of charge. Canadian submarine observation technology is mainly applied in such aspects as detecting submarine volcanic activities, monitoring seismic and tsunami activities of this region constantly, probing into minerals, metals and hydrocarbon resources, deeply studying interaction between ocean and atmosphere, understanding the cyclic process of marine hothouse gas, exploring the secrets of marine ecological system and investigating problems like the marine periodic changes, the creation and regeneration of energy resources, the marine mammal community, the storage of marine fishery, and the pollution and toxic spread. Key words: Neptune Canada; observational and experimental network system; Juan de Fuca Plate; Pacific Ocean; Cascadia Subduction Zone; next Magnitude 9 Casadia earthquake ( : Sinoprobe08-01) : ; : : :,, 1954, : V8N5J6, zji@uvic.ca

2 14,,, 20, 21,,, 1 加拿大 海王星 的意义,,,, HST (Hubble Space Telescope) (NEPTUNE, ; NEPTUNE Canada, 2011a),,,, 25%, 75%,,,,, (Dr. Chris Barnes; University of Victoria, 2011) :,,,,, :,,,,,, 2 加拿大海王星覆盖范围, (NEPTUNE Canada),,,, ( North-East Pacific Time-Series Undersea Networked Experiments NEPTUNE, CANADA, N C),, (The Juan de Fuca PLATE;, 2004),, km 2,, (Museum of Natural History and Culture, 2011), (Plate tectonics; Kullerud, 2011;, 2011)

3 : 15,, 9, 1700, 在太平洋西北部的研究进展,, (fault line),, (, ), (West Coast), (Olympic Peninsula) (Peninsula Daily News, 2011a), (Juan De Fuca Strait),, : 9 (The Big One: Are we next?; Moneyville, 2011),, , ,, (Stephne Johnston) :,,, , 1700 (Moneyville, 2011) :, 2004 (Cascadia subduction zone) ( 6),,,, 1100 km (Juan de Fuca) ( 1),, 图 1 胡安 德富卡板块 ( 摘自 MURAT YUKSELIR/THE GLOBE AND MAIL, SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY, 姬再良编制 ; Simon Fraser University, 2011) Fig. 1 Juan de Fuca Plate(excerpt from MURAT YUKSELIR/THE GLOBE AND MAIL, SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY, compiled by JI Zai-liang; Simon Fraser University, 2011)

4 , 1700, : : (1) : (Alaska Range), (Canadian Coast Mountains) (Cascadia Mountains), (Sierra Nevada),,,, 2000 m,, (Mount McKinley) 6193 m, (2) :, (Aleutian (U.S. Coast Mountains),,, (San Andreas fault),, (3) :,,,, 1998,, (Simon Fraser University) Andrew Calvert, (SHIPS, for Seismic Hazards Investigations in Puget Sound), (Simon Fraser University) Andrew Calvert (Simon Fraser University, 2011),,, (Olympic Mountains) 40 km, (Juan de Fuca plate) Calvert, 7 km (Juan De Fuca Strait),,,,, 14 Calvert,, Calvert,,,, 9, Range), (Chugach Mountains),,,, (Alexander Archipelago) (Charlotte Islands) , (Vancouver Island),,,,,,,,,, 4 加拿大 海王星 基础设施及构建进展 4.1,,

5 : 17,,, ( 2), 5 (Notes)( 3-6), 图 2 加拿大 海王星 (N C) 基础设施体系示意图 (Benoît Pirenne, 2005; NEPTUNE Canada, 2011b) Fig. 2 Sketch map of Neptune Canada (N C) infrastructure system (Benoît Pirenne, 2005; NEPTUNE Canada, 2011b) 图 3 加拿大 海王星 体系五个仪器分布图 ( 姬再良 2011 年编制 ; NEPTUNE Canada, 2011a) Fig. 3 Distribution of five instruments in Neptune Canadian(compliled by JI Zai-liang in 2011; NEPTUNE Canada, 2011a) - ; ODP 889- ; - ; ODP1027- ; - Folger Passage- inshore shelf; ODP 889-continental slope subduction zone; Barkley Canyon- continental slope subduction zone; ODP mid-plate abyssal plain; Endeavour Ridge-ocean spreading center

6 18 图 4 海王星主干光缆路线, 汇结端位置及阿尔伯尼海岸站 ( 姬再良 2011 年编制 ; NEPTUNE Canada, 2011a) Fig. 4 NC s cable route showing 5 nodes & Port Alberni shore station(compliled by JI Zai-liang in 2011; NEPTUNE Canada, 2011a) 图 5 加拿大海王星网络体系和美国东北太平洋区域海洋观测实验网 ( 姬再良 2011 年编制 ; MariPro, 2011) Fig. 5 Regional Scale Nodes (RSN)-Cabled Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) and NEPTUNE Canada(compliled by JI Zai-liang in 2011; MariPro, 2011),,, 图 6 卡斯凯迪俯冲带 ( 胡安海峡逆掩断层带?)( 姬再良 2011 年编制 ; Peninsula Daily News, 2011b) Fig. 6 Cascadia Subduction Zone(Juan De Fuca Strait overthrust belt?) (compliled by JI Zai-liang in 2011;Peninsula Daily News, 2011b) 10 Gbps/10yr,,,

7 : 19 ( ) 400, km (NEPTUNE Canada, 2011c),, 400 m (Vertical Profiler System),,, :, (Seismometers, gravimeters and accelerometers); (Pressure sensors); (Augmenta); (Benthic crawlers); 400 m (Vertical profiler system); (Conductivity-temperaturedepth current meters);,, (Hydrophones, sonar, echosounders); (Acoustic doppler current profilers ); (Bottom pressure sensors);,,, (Chemical and gas sensors for measuring carbon dioxide, oxygen, methane, nitrates, etc.);, (Seismometers, gravimeters and accelerometers); (High-resolution still-frame and video cameras with lights); (Microbe and plankton samplers and microbial incubators);,, (Turbidity sensors, transmissometers, sediment traps); (Benthic flow simulation chamber), 4.2,, : 1), ; 2), ; 3),, Barrodale (NRC), ; 4) (DMAS) (N C), (Agile) (Venus Project; VENUS, 2011), 2006, (SOA), (Web Services), Java,, Web 2.0,, 2.0,,,,, 2.0,,

8 20,, 4.3, km, 5 (Nodes),,,, 5, 100 m 2700 m, ,, 25,,,,,, 10 kvdc, 10 Gbps 25,,,,, ,,,, 10 TB 2010, (, Endeavour Ridge) :,,,,,,, 5 加拿大 海王星 研究团队及经费支持 (Project Director),,,, (Chris Barnes is Project Director for NEPTUNE Canada, University of Victoria) ,, , ( ) (Dr. Kate Moran),,, (University of Victoria), (Owner/Operator) 1, CFI (CANARIE, Canadian Advanced Network and Research for Industry and Education) 2400 (UVic) 12,,

9 : 21, 30, (VENUS, 2011), (Ocean Networks Canada, 2011), Regional Scale Nodes (RSN) - Cabled Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) )(University of Washington, 2011),,, 6 应用前景及目标任务,,,, 25,,,,, ( ), 130,, 400 m ,,, : ; ; ; ; ; ; ;, ; ; ;, ( 1),,, :,,,,,, 1000 m :,,,,, : ;, ;,, ; ; 7 结论,,, (neptune@uvic.ca),,

10 22,,,,,,,, (NEPTUNE),,, 致谢 :,, Ms. Karen Tang, (Mr. Kevin Ji) (Mr. Fayu Zhang),,,, 参考文献 : [EB/OL].[ ] / shtml [EB/OL]. [ ]. References: Benoît Pirenne A network under the Ocean[OL/EB]. [ ]. Pirenne_AdvNetDay.pdf. KULLERUD K Plate tectonics[[ol/eb]. [ ]. les/english/plate%20tectonics.html. MARIPRO Regional Scale Nodes (RSN) Cabled Ocean Observatory[EB/OL]. [ ]. l-3com.com/maripro/business_areas/ocean_observatory _rsn.htm. MONEYVILLE Are we next? [EB/OL]. [ ]. e-are-we-next. NEPTUNE Canada. 2011a. NEPTUNE Canada[EB/OL]. [ ]. NEPTUNE Canada. 2011b. Benoît Pirenne[EB/OL]. [ ]. NEPTUNE Canada. 2011c. Instruments[EB/OL]. [ ]. Ocean Networks Canada Ocean Networks Canada[EB/OL]. [ ]. ca/. Peninsula Daily News. 2011a. Earthquake risk on North Olympic Peninsula detailed by scientists[eb/ol]. [ ]. article/ /news/ Peninsula Daily News. 2011b. Subduction zone quake could also hit North Olympic Peninsula[EB/OL]. [ ]. apps/pbcs.dll/article?aid= Simon Fraser University SFU People in the News[EB/OL]. [ ]. sfunews/stories/sfu-people-in-the-news-september html. University of Victoria Chris Barnes-Professor Emeritus[EB/OL]. [ ]. people/barnes.htm. University of Washington Interactive Oceans Site[EB/OL]. [ ]. edu/story/interactive+oceans+site. Venus Victoria Experimental Network Under the Sea[EB/OL]. [ ].