Biology 201 Cell Biology and Metabolism Winter 2013 Session

Transcription

1 Biology 201 Cell Biology and Metabolism Winter 2013 Session Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 11:30-12:30 pm, Leacock 132. Instructors Profs. G. Brouhard (Coordinator) and G. Brown. Contact Information Prof. Gary Brouhard Prof. Greg Brown Tel Tel Rm. 267, Bellini Life Sciences Complex Rm. N5/11, Stewart Building Method of Instruction. 3 one-hour lecture per week. Optional conferences will be run by a teaching assistant and consist of a lecture review and opportunity for questions. Textbooks Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology, 7 th Edition. Berg et al., Biochemistry, 7 th Edition. Web page Via mycourses Course info: syllabus, mid-term and final exam dates, mid-term exam room assignments, midterm exam results Readings for each lecture Slides and voice recordings of each lecture Method of Evaluation Mid-term examination: 25 multiple choice questions. Counts for 25% of the final grade. Will be held on February 27, 6:00 to 7:30, room assignments to be announced Final examination: 75 multiple choice questions; 25 on material from before the mid-term and 50 from material given after the mid-term. Date and time will be announced. The readings are intended to prepare you for lecture and to clarify material covered in lecture. Examination questions will be based only on material covered in lecture. You will not be tested on material in the readings that was not covered in lecture. In accord with McGill University s Charter of Students Rights, students in this course have the right to submit in English or in French any written work that is to be graded. McGill University values academic integrity. Therefore, all students must understand the meaning and consequences of cheating, plagiarism and other academic offences under the

2 Code of Student Conduct and Disciplinary Procedures (see for more information). L'université McGill attache une haute importance à l honnêteté académique. Il incombe par conséquent à tous les étudiants de comprendre ce que l'on entend par tricherie, plagiat et autres infractions académiques, ainsi que les conséquences que peuvent avoir de telles actions, selon le Code de conduite de l'étudiant et des procédures disciplinaires (pour de plus amples renseignements, veuillez consulter le site

3 Tentative lecture schedule and READINGS FROM LODISH, 6 th EDITION. Lecture 1. BROUHARD Course Orientation and Energy in Biological Systems I. Jan. 7. An overview of metabolism and energy Lecture 2. BROUHARD Energy in Biological Systems II. Jan. 9. Chemical equilibrium Equilibrium, free energy and ΔG The standard free energy change, ΔG 0 Relationship between ΔG 0 and Keq Additivity of standard free energy values Enzymes, and activation energies and rates of reaction Enzymes and the specificity of metabolic reactions Readings: Lodish et al., pp ; Berg et al., pp Lecture 3. BROUHARD Energy in Biological Systems III. Jan. 11. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and phosphate Oxidation, reduction, respiration, oxidative phosphorylation Electron (and proton) carrier molecules Energy capture in proton gradients Readings: Lodish et al., pp , 78-81; Berg et al. pp Lecture 4. BROWN Glycolyis. Jan. 14. Glycolysis in the grand scheme of metabolism Conversion of glucose to pyruvate takes place in several stages Stage 1: Conversion of glucose to fructose 1,6 bisphosphate Stage 2: Conversion of a 6C, 2P carbohydrate to two 3C, 1P carbohydrates Stage 3: Conversion of GAL3P to pyruvate; formation of NADH and ATP. Regeneration of NAD + from NADH Readings: Berg et al., pp Lecture 5. BROWN Regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Jan. 16. Allosteric regulation of glycolysis Metabolic fates of pyruvate Pyruvate to glucose: bypassing the irreversible steps of glycolysis Reciprocal regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis Readings: Berg et al., pp Lecture 6. BROWN Glycogen metabolism, pyruvate dehydrogenase. Jan. 18. Glucose metabolism during exercise Hormonal regulation of the metabolism of glycogen, a storage carbohydrate Readings: Berg et al., pp ; ; Lodish et al., pp Lecture 7. BROWN The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Jan. 21. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex TCA cycle reactions and energetics Readings: Berg et al., pp Lecture 8. BROWN Regulation of the TCA cycle. Jan. 23. The central role of the TCA cycle in metabolism

4 Allosteric regulation of the TCA cycle The oxidation of fatty acids Readings: Berg et al., pp ; ; Lecture 9. BROWN Metabolism and physiology. Jan. 25. General aspects of membrane transport Facilitated diffusion via carrier proteins Movement of ions across membranes Ion specific channels ATP powered pumps: the plasma membrane Na+/K+ ATPase ATP powered pumps: ABC transporters Lodish et al., pp ; Lodish et al., Lecture 10. BROWN Membrane transport. Jan. 28. Metabolism and real life: athletics, marathons, diets Readings: Lodish et al., pp Berg et al. pp ; Lecture 11. BROWN Biological redox reactions. Jan. 30. The respiratory chain and the TCA cycle Redox couples: electron donor acceptor pairs An electron transfer chain: successive and oxidation of redox couples Standard redox potentials: ranking the reducing power of redox couples Readings: Lodish et al., pp Berg et al., pp Lecture 12. BROWN Oxidative phosphorylation I. Feb. 1. Redox carriers, redox potential & ΔG in the respiratory (electron transfer) chain Electron transfer occurs through redox carriers in large membrane multi-protein complexes Mobile electron carriers transfer electrons between complexes Proton pumping complexes Structure and reactions of complexes I, II, III and IV Readings: Lodish et al ; Berg et al., pp Lecture 13. BROWN Oxidative phosphorylation II. Feb. 4. Peter Mitchell and the chemiosmotic theory Structure of the mitochondrial ATP synthase How proton translocation drives ATP synthesis The ATP/ADP translocase and mitochondrial transporters Lodish et al., pp ; Berg et al., pp ; Lecture 14. BROWN Photosynthesis. Feb. 6. Respiration vs photosynthesis How light can drive an energetically unfavourable reaction The two photosystems and photosynthetic electron transport CO 2 fixation: the dark reactions of the Calvin cycle Lodish et al., pp Berg et al., pp Lecture 15. BROWN Protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum I. Feb. 8.

5 How proteins are targeted to specific locations in the cell An overview of the secretory pathway Protein translocation across the ER Lodish et al., pp Lecture 16. BROWN Protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum II. Feb. 11. Insertion of proteins into the ER membrane Type II and III membrane proteins Postranslational protein modification in the ER Lodish et al., pp Lecture 17. BROWN Protein targeting: mitochondria, chloroplasts, nuclei. Feb. 13. Protein import into the mitochondrial matrix Protein import into the inner membrane, outer membrane and intermembrane space Protein import into peroxisomes and nuclei Lodish et al., pp Lecture 18. BROWN Vesicular transport I. Feb. 15. Vesicle-mediated transport of proteins from the ER Processes and factors in vesicle budding Vesicle fusion Protein trafficking between the ER and Golgi Lodish et al., pp Lecture 19. BROWN Vesicular transport II. Feb. 18. Oligosaccharide processing, quality control mechanisms, and protein exit from the ER Removal of mis-sorted ER proteins from the cis-golgi Sorting of proteins to the lysosome Receptor-mediated endocytosis Lodish et al., pp , END OF PART 1. LECTURE NOT COVERED ON MIDTERM. Lecture 20. BROUHARD Actin 1. Feb. 20. Overview of the cytoskeleton and cell shape. Introduction to Actin and Actin structures. Readings: Lodish, pp , , Lecture 21. BROUHARD. Actin 2. Feb. 22. Lamellopodia, filopodia, cell migration. Actin regulatory proteins 1. Readings: Lodish, pp , Lecture 22. BROUHARD Actin 3. Feb. 25. Actin regulatory proteins 2. Readings: Lodish, pp Lecture 23. BROUHARD Muscle Contraction. Feb. 27.

6 The sliding filament mechanism. The ATPase cycle of muscle myosin. Readings: Lodish, pp Lecture 24. BROUHARD Microtubules 1. Mar. 1. Microtubule Structure and Organization. Microtubule Dynamics. Readings: Lodish, pp READING WEEK, MAR. 4 MAR.8. Lecture 25. BROUHARD Microtubules 2. Mar. 11. Kinesin and Dynein family motor proteins. Readings: Lodish, pp Lecture 26. BROUHARD Microtubules 3. Mar. 13. Microtubule Associated Proteins. Cilia and Flagella. Readings: Lodish, pp , Lecture 27. BROUHARD Mitosis. Mar. 15. Chromosome segregation. Kinetochores. Cytokinesis. Readings: Lodish, pp Lecture 28. BROUHARD Cell Cycle 1. Mar. 18. Introduction to the Cell Cycle. Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases. Readings: Lodish pp Lecture 29. BROUHARD Cell Cycle 2. Mar. 20. Checkpoints in the Cell Cycle. Readings: Lodish pp Lecture 30. BROUHARD The Extracellular Matrix Mar. 22. Components of the ECM Focal Adhesions Readings: Lodish pp , Lecture 31. BROUHARD Cell Signaling 1. Mar. 25. Introduction and Cytoplasmic Receptors G-protein coupled receptors Readings: Lodish pp ; ; ;

7 Lecture 32. BROUHARD Cell Signaling 2. Mar. 27. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Readings: ; EASTER BREAK Lecture 33. BROUHARD Nervous System 1. Apr. 3. Introduction Resting Potential Readings: Lodish pp Lecture 34. BROUHARD Nervous System 2. Apr. 5. Action Potentials Readings: Lodish pp Lecture 35. BROUHARD Nervous System 3. Apr. 8. Synaptic Transmission Readings: Lodish pp Lecture 36. BROUHARD Nervous System 4. Apr. 10. Sensory Perception Readings: Lodish pp Lecture 37. BROUHARD Nervous System 5. Apr. 12. Growth Cones Neuronal Migration Lodish pp Lecture 38. BROUHARD Cell Death Apr. 15. Apoptosis Readings: Lodish pp Lecture 39. BROUHARD Surprise! TUESDAY, Apr. 16