Biology 2022 General Botany Exam 1 October 8, 2013

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1 Biology 2022 General Botany Exam 1 October 8, 2013 Please read the entire question before answering, put your answers on the Scantron form - not on this page 1. Plants. a. are heterotrophic b. have a peptidogycan cell walls *c. have nuclei d. lack mitochondria e. all of the above 2. Prokaryotic cells. a. have a plasma membrane b. lack a cytoskeleton c. have a circular chromosome d. divide by binary fission *e. all of the above 3. Which of the following does NOT contain glucose? a. starch b. cellulose *c. microtubules d. sucrose e. they all contain glucose 4. Cellulose. *a. is synthesized at the plasma membrane b. is a polymer of peptidoglycan c. is a pectin d. is synthesized by pectin methyltransferase e. all of the above 5. The diagram to the right depicts. a. α β linked glucose b. a cellulose polymer *c. a microtubule d. a plasmodesmata e. a nuclear pore 6. In the above diagram in question 5, this molecule. *a. is protein b. is carbohydrate c. is actin d. connects adjacent cells e. is a nuclear pore 7. Pectin and hemicellulose are synthesized. a. in the ER *b. in the Golgi c. at the plasma membrane d. in the cell wall e. in the nucleus 8. Starch is synthesized in the. a. cytoplasm b. endoplasmic reticulum (ER) c. Golgi *d. stroma e. vacuole

2 9. Another name for the Calvin cycle is. a. respiration *b. the carbon reactions c. photorespiration d. transcription e. oxidative phosphorylation 10. Glycosylation of proteins occurs in the. a. endoplasmic reticulum b. vacuole *c. Golgi d. nucleus e. plasmodesmata 11. Myosin is. a. a cell wall polysaccharide b. only found in mitochondria c. present in prokaryotes *d. a motor proteins that moves on actin mirofibers e. all of the above are correct. 12. During the light reactions, acidification occurs in. *a. the thylakoid lumen b. the chloroplast stroma c. the ER lumen d. the Golgi e. the nucleus 13. Actin and tubulin are. a. autotrophic b. cell wall components *c. proteins d. semi-autonomous e. soluble secreted proteins 14. The Ginkgo leaf. a. is only found in fossil records b. does not have vascular tissue c. has parallel venation, Ginkgo is a monocot d. has net venation, Ginkgo is a eudicot *e. has dichotomous venation, Ginkgo a gymnosperm 15. The duplication of DNA without nuclear division is called. a. cell wall space b. Golgi c. endoplasmic reticulum d. nucleus *e. endoreduplication 16. The mitotic phase illustrated to the right is: a. interphase b. prophase c. metaphase *d. anaphase e. telophase

3 17. The preprophase band a. disappears during prophase b. marks the plane of cell division c. is composed of microtubules d. is located in the cytoplasm *e. all of the above 18. Cytokinesis is the. a. phragmoplast *b. division of the protoplast c. phragmosome d. plasmodesmata e. protoderm 19. A meristem is. a. a modified stem that supports flowers b. the epidermal layer of stems c. only present in secondary xylem (wood) d. a specialized cell in the epidermis *e. a site where new cells form Match the following tissues to the type of meristem from which they originated: Tissue type Meristem 20. primary xylem _c a. protoderm 21. cortex _b b. ground meristem 22. secondary xylem _d c. procambium 23. guard cells _a d. vascular cambium 24. endodermis _b e. cork cambium 25. trichomes _a 26. The phylotaxy of the plant to the right can be described as. a. decussate alternate b. decussate opposite *c. distichous alternate d. distichous opposite e. alternate opposite 27. The photo to the right shows a cross section of a. a. monocot stem *b. monocot root c. eudicot stem d. eudicot root e. fungal root 28. The light reactions occur. a. in mitochondria *b. in thylakoid membranes c. in the endoplasmic reticulum d. only in roots e. all of the above

4 29. The carbon reactions occur in the. a. the ER b. vacuole c. cytoplasm *d. stroma e. thylakoid lumen 30. The terminal electron acceptor in the light reactions is. a. CO 2 b. water c. carbohydrate d. ATP *e. NADP Electron transport in the chloroplast produces. *a. a proton gradient b. NADP + c. RuBP d. PEP e. CO Transpiration is. a. uptake of water into the leaves from the atmosphere b. uptake of carbon dioxide necessary for photosynthesis c. oxygen uptake necessary for leaf metabolism *d. evaporation of water from leaves e. release of fixed carbon from roots to the rhizosphere 33. In C3 plants, the substrate for primary CO 2 fixation is. *a. ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) b. phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) c. malate d. plastoquinone (PQ) e. ubiquinone (UQ) 34. In C4 plants the substrate for primary CO 2 fixation is. a. malate *b. phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) c. ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) d. plastoquinone (PQ) e. ubiquinone (UQ) 35. C4 photosynthesis is more efficient than C3 photosynthesis. a. when CO 2 atmospheric concentrations are elevated b under all environmental conditions c. when *d. at high temperature e. at low temperatures 36. Rubisco is. *a. an enzyme b. a five carbon sugar c. primarily produced in the light reactions d. a C3 plant e. a symbiotic fungi

5 37. Photorespiration occurs. a. when C3 plants switch to C4 photosynthesis *b. more at higher temperature c. when a proton gradient is generated in the thylakoid lumen d. when NADPH is utilized in the carbon (enzymatic) reactions e. more in C4 plants 38. Mitochondrial alternate oxidase is used to. a. generate ATP and NADH from pyruvate b. convert glucose to pyruvate c. generate ATP when oxygen is not available d. reduce photorespiration *e. generate heat 39. On the image to the right, the letter A indicates. a. a plasmodesmata b. a trichome c. the phragmoplast d. a lateral root *e. the casparian strip 40. On the image to the right, the cell layer that produces A is the. a. pericycle b. vascular cambium c. mesophyll *d. endodermis e. phragmoplast 41. Vascular cambium and cork cambium are. a. primary meristems b. primary cambia c. vascular tissues *d. secondary meristems e. a type of epidermis 42. Wood is primarily. a. secondary phloem *b. secondary xylem c. cork cambium d. vascular cambium e. procambium 43. Lateral roots are initiated in. a. the root epidermis *b. the pericycle c. root hairs d. the root cortex e. the endodermis

6 44. The image to the right depicts a. a. monocot stem b. eudicot stem c. monocot root *d. eudicot root e. fungal root 45. In the image to the right, the region marked A is. a. primary xylem *b. primary phloem c. endodermis d. pericycle e. cortex 46. Liquid moves in the xylem and phloem primarily by. *a. bulk flow b. diffusion c. dilution d. osmosis e. transpiration 47. In the absence of oxygen, oxidative phosphorylation is not possible and fermentation occurs in plant roots. Some energy in the form of ATP can be obtained from. a. the Calvin cycle b. the TCA, Krebs or citric acid cycle *c. glycolysis d. electron transport e. oxidative phosphorylation 48. A product of fermentation is. a. glucose b. O 2 c. pyruvate *d. NAD + e. NADH 49. Carbon dioxide released during aerobic respiration is primarily from. a. glycolysis b. oxidative phosphorylation c. the Calvin cycle d. electron transport *e. the TCA, Krebs or citric acid cycle 50. In mitochondria, electron transport acidifies the. a. matrix b. stroma c. thylakoid lumen d. endoplasmic reticulum *e. intermembrane space