WINCHESTER RIFLES. i CARTRIDGES, GUNPOWDER & SAFETY\l:'USE~ --:0:-- .::IiOHN SK:ERKER PINE STREET, SAN FRANOISOO, OAL.,

Transcription

1 :0:-- Ha\m. Du622 A WINCHESTER RIFLES. i CARTRIDGES, GUNPOWDER & SAFETY\l:'USE~.::IiOHN SK:ERKER PINE STREET, SAN FRANOISOO, OAL., 'SOLE AGENCY OF THE PACIFIC COAST FOR THE Winchester Repeating Arms Co" of New Haven. --:0:-- Constantly on hand a full stock of their Sporting Rifles, Carbines and Muskets, plain finished, or beautifully Gold, Silver, or Nickel Plated and Engraved, of models 1866, 1873, and Also, just out, the Winchester Express Rifle, 50 calibre; cartridge 50 c. 95 gs. The new Winchester, model calibre; straight cartridge 45 c. 60 gs. The Hotchkiss Magazine Gun, both Military and Sporting, 45 cahbre; cartridge same as U. S. Government-45 c. 70 gs. Also, the Cartridges manufactured by them for the same, as well as for all other Rifles and Pistols, both rim and central fire, as well as Primed Shells, Brass and Paper Shotgun Shells, Winchester and Berdan Primers, Percussion Caps, and parts of Arms. Also, Agent for E. L.DU PONT NEMOURS & CO., of WILMINGTON, DEL AWARE. Constantly on hand, a full stock of their Mining, Cannon, Musket, and Sporting Gunpowder. Also, Agent for EAGLE SAFETY FUSE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA. A full and complete stock of their various brands of Safety Fuse, warranted equal to any made in the world.~e'v STYLES!---THIS SEASON'S GOODSI '4...tf:J ~\~_.7r- ~~~ C:::C-V:::CL:::CTY -:0:- TO.A.LL. SUITS to Order from $20,00 PANTS to Order from $5,00 --:0:- The Public invited to Inspect OUR NEW STYLES. -:0:- ELECTRIC LIGHT USED. -:0:- SAMPLES, with Instructions for Self-Measme ment, Sent Free NICOLL THE TAILOR,, San Francisco, Oalifornia.

2 ~. E. P. ADAMS, Auctioneer and tommission Merchant<;' IMPORTER AND Dealer in Groceries and Case Goode" AGENT OAlIFORNIA FURNITURE MANUFAOTURING 00., Queen Street, Honolulu. HONOLULU RESTAURANT NO. 75 NUUANU 8TREET. OPEN FROM 5 A. M. TO '7 P. M. -:0:- --:0:- CLEANLINESS THE RULE --:0:- O~ SFECJ:.A.:r..l:c'"'Y: MEAL,S AT ALL HOURS, B-OOD COOKS, ATTENTIVE WAITERS.!lIED BBST i!jebml4bkei! 4J1EJQBDE: Al.vvays on. ~a:n.d.. E. C. McCANDLESS, Proprietor. IQBmf 1It~ ~4~Y~ NOTARY PUBLIO, -AND- COMMISSIONER OF DEEDS For the States of California and New York. OFFICE AT THE BANK OF BISHOP & CO".HONOLULU, H.!. MERCHANT STREE1

3 -... M. ECKART, Kaahumanu Street, Honolulu, Im,orUng ld M~nuf~~turing J~w~br ~d ~iimod ~~thr. - -:0:- A. F~ltST~C~t\S$ WJt\VCMMt\~~Et Will llave charge of all Watch Repairing. THOROUGH WORK AND PROMPTNESS GUARANTEED. --:0:--. SHELL AND KUKUI WORK EXECUTED TO ORDER. HONOLULU STEAM BAKERY. R. LOVE & BRO., Proprietors, Nuuanu Street. Always on Hand and Made to Order. -ALSO-- fvater, SODA.lIND BUTTER CR.lICKERS, JENNY LIND C.lIKES, <te. SHIP BREAD RE - BAKED ON SHORTEST NOTICE. Family Bread, made of the Best Flour, Ba10ed Daily, and always on hand. N. B.-Brown Bread of the Best Quality. _ L. -VV~~., CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER.' Shop on King St., near Lewers & Dickson's. ~O::- --:0:- ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO.

4 CHAS. T.GULICK, N~1!;1In1t fp17b~lfj. AGENT TO TAKE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To Labor COll"tracrts, Ka.a.humanu Street, Honolulu, H. I. THOMAS LACK,. MACHINIST, LOCK AND GUN SMITH, -AND- I Fi:n.es"t Cigars, Tobacco, Pipes, Po"'U.ches, ~c. AGENT FOR FLORENCE!{EROSENE STOVES. No. 40 Fort Street, Honolulu. ~1. PHILLIPS & CO., No. 10 Kaahumanu Street, Honolulu, Importers and Commission Merchants. -AND- -:0:-.SAN FRANCISCO OFFICE, 111 BATTERY STREET.

5 HYMAN BROS., IMPORTERS OF GOODS FROM ENGLAND, FRANCE, GERMANY O_ANDTHE_ "'CJ"NJ:TED ST.A.TES. Special Attention Civen to Island Orders. ESTABLISHED J. NOTT & CO., IMPOR;I'ERS AND DEALERS IN STOVES, RANGES, KEROSENE STOVES, c :e 0 C x:: E :ey,.. Tin Plate, Copper, Sheet Iron, Solder, Wire, Rivets, Zinc, Lead, Cast Iron Hollow Ware, Lead and Iron Water Pipes, Cast Iron Soil Pipes, Steam and Water Cocks, Union Couplings, Steam and Water Fittings, pumps, House Water Closets, Plows, Horse Hoes, Planters' Hoes, Lane & Clements' Hoes, Pickaxes, Hunt's Axes and Tools, Hubs, Spokes, Felloes and Iron Axles for Ox and Mule Carts, &c., &c., &c. PnA~TI~AL TIN, ~~rrer AND SHEET IRON WORXERS &PLUMBERS WILLI.llr R. CASTLE. No.9 Kaahumanu St., Honolulu.,OASTLE & HATOH, FRANCIS M. HATCH. ATTOR~.EYSATLfi~ Office, 15 Kaahumanu Street. Attend the Terms of Circuit Court on all of the Islands. Loans negotiated. Conveyancing. Special attention paid to matters of Real Estate Law, in action and otherwise. W. R OASTLE,. NOTARY PUBLIC.

6 J. M. OAT & CO., SA~L MAKERS. SAILS, HAMMOCKS, TENTS, AND TRUNK COVERS 1\IJ:ade "to Order. FLAGS MADE AND REPAIRED. Carpets Cut and Made to Order. MAKEE (Fire-proof) BLOCK, QUEEN STREET, HONOLULU, H. I. EIST.A.:BLXF;;:El:E:I> PiONEER furn~lure WAREROOMS, Have on hand and manufacture to order all kinds of Furniture, Upholstery, Drapery & Bedding AGENT AND EXPORTER OF PULU. New Goods of the Very Latest Styles Received every Month Warerooms in Fire-proof Building, No. 111 Fort Street- Work Shop at the Old Stand on Hotel Street, near Fort Street. HENRY M.A.Y & CO., TEA DEALERS, Oalfee Boas;terSJ and PJ!6vfsioDl Mrero&antSJ" Fort Street, Honolulu, H. I. New Coods Received by Every Vessel From the Eastern States and Europe; Cal. Produce by each Steamer. ~QQodsdelivered in any part of the CitY.A1

7 TREGLOAN'S MERCHANT TAILORING ESTABLISHMENT, Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, IMPORTER. OF SUPERFINE WOOLEN GOODS Suitable for Gents' Dress, Bosiness, and Traveling Suits, Ulsters, &c. LADIES' RIDING HABITS,. TRAVELING SUITS, ULSTERS AND WALKING JACKETS A SPECIALTY. -:0:- Box 183. Orders Executed in Eastern Style. A. L.SMITH, N"o. 44 Fort 81;., ::EI:o:n.ol.-u.l:u.,~.::I:.,. IMPORTER AND DEALER IN.. MERIDEN OUADRUPlE PLATED WARE, "Ya:n.kee N"o"t:l.o:n.s, BINf}~S (fff!)moindlltion Sff?BfJlt;lfJ~lflS. VASES, BRACKETS, LUSTRAL WIRE WARE, DOMESTIC PAPER FASHIONS. GUNS, POWDER, SHOT, FANCY SOAPS, ETC., ETC. -:o:.=:::...- AGENT FOR THE JUSTLY CELEBRATED AND UNIVERSALLY ACKNOWLEDGED "" Ligh.1; B.:u.:n.:n.i:n.g" DOMESTIC SEWING MACHINE. XJfiirTER~ISSTRICTLY CASH.~

8 INDIA Established RICE MILL, MISSION AND FREMONT STREETS, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA. --:0:-- THE INDIA RICE MILL, After twenty years' practical experience and improvement, is now the nearest to perfection of any of the Rice Mills of the world. In thoroughness of cleansing and polishing it stands unrivalled, and in yield of cleaned, merchantable Rice from the Paddy, produces from 5 to 8 per cent. more than the celebrated mills of Amsterdam. THE INDIA RICE MILL IS NOW IN PERFECT RUNNING ORDER FOR THE From the Hawaiian Islands, to whioh it is Speoially Adapted. -CORNER OF- --:0:- --:0:- WILL RECEIVE WM. M. GREENWOOD~ Q-eneral Cor.o.n:::l.ission ~erchant, And Proprietor oj the India Rice Mill.

9 L -FOR- --_0_-.--- A HAND BOOK OF INFOR1IATION On Matters Relating to the Ha-w-aiian Islands, Original and Selected, of Value to Merchants, Planters, Tourists and Others. --_..._---- SEVENTH YEAR OF PUBLICATION. I.' THOS. G. THRW, CO~IPILER AND PUBLISHER, Merchant, and Fort Streets, HONOLULU. COPYRIGHTED ACCORDING TO LAW.

10 COUNTING HOUSE CALENDAB~ ---_0_...--'--- I ri ~ ~...: m ~...:...: ~ z p Z 0 p i'i1 'm ~ ~ 00 ri '" '"'...: ~ ~ ~....: ~....: '1 00 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ITHUl. G. THRUM, ~ '"' r-. '" MANUFACTURING Feb ['STATIONER 6 " II NEWS ' ~[ar DEALER II AND- -AND BOOK BINDER. April Mercllant St., 10 II )IllY (Near Fort,) IMPORTING Jan..., AND- 910 II F rt St t II ree, Oor.fIotel St., ,...," HONOLULU June ' , R.I ' ROBERT GRIEVE, PIUS1'RR, HONOLULU, H. 1. ~ ~ ~ ri...: ~ ~ ~ ~...:...:...: 00 ~ ~ ~ -.:...: ~ i'i1 00 ~ z ~ -.: ~ m ~ 00 ~ p z Z i'i1 ~ P H p 0 P i'i1 ~ ~ '"' -.: 00 :::l 1'< 00 ri '"' ~ '"' - July ,.. Aug II 1< Sept., Il Oct Nov Il , , "1 idee II

11 ADVERTISEMENT. Tie principal objectaimed at in the preparation of the-hawaiian ALMANAC AND ANNUAL from its inception has been to combine full and accurate information on matters peculiarly Hawaiian within its economized space, and to present its constantly reviewed tables of information in such a manner as shall facilitate in its consultation. From the constantly increasing homo and foreign demand, the assurances of many minds, as also the liberal extracts from its pages in leading publications abroad-with due credit-indicate in a flattering manner the appreciation of our labors, and the wholesale plagiarism in the recent effort at a Directory of these Islands by its compiler, notwithstanding our copyrights, is an unintentional ltc knowledgment of the reliability and value of our property that cannot be ignored. The increasing corps of co-laborers as shown in this issue, gives further variety and increasing interest in I,lland subjects of research which, as above noted, it will be our chief aim too maintain. The article (.n Hawaiian Algreds the first that has yet been published, and is from one who has devoted.many years to its interesting study. Theatrical Reminiscences, from Mr. Sheldon's facile pen, recalls incidents which, with its history in these Islands, has long been sought for both here and abroad. Hawaiian Legendary Lore, by the Rev. A. O. Forbes, is continued as a feature of the ANNUAL, and the able essay on the Hawaiian Climate, from the Rev. S. E. Bishop, with other kindred Island subjects by other writers, will be read with interest. Retrospect for the Year is assuming more importance each issue with its varied information, which, as an impartial recorder of events, it is our province to note, not only for present reference but for the guidance of the future historian of these fair isles. With grateful feelings to an appreciative public, and thanks to those assistants :who have contributed so largely to the success of ~he ALMANAC AND ANNUAL, the Compiler presents the result of his labor upon this, its seventh issue, feeling confident that it falls behind none of its predecessors in interest. THOS. G. THRUM~.HONOLULU, November,1880.

12 4 ~nttjnihnl ~nlutnl ~nlclldn~ FOE :LSS:L, Being the 100rd year since thediscovery of thehawaiian Islands by Capt. Cook: The latter part of the l05th and the beginning of the 106th year of the Independence of the United States of America. Also, The Year of the Jewish Era: The Year 1298 of the Mahommedan Era: The Year 2633 since the foundation of Rome, according to Varro. HOLIDAYS OBSERVED AT THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. "New year Jan. 1 American Anniversary July 4, Chinese New year Jan. 29 "His Majesty's Birthday Nov. 16 "Good Friday Apl. 15 "Recognition of Hawaiian Inde- Birth of Queen Victoria May 24 pendence Nov. 28 "Kamehameha Day June 11 "Christmas Dec. 25 Those prefixed by a " are recognized bv the Government. CHURCH DAYS, FIXED AND MOVABLE FEASTS. Epiphany Jan. 6 Ascension Day May 26 Septuagesima Sunday Feb. 13 Pentecost or Whitsuntide June 5 Shrove Sunday Feb. 27 Trinity Sunday June 12 Shrove Tuesday Feb. 29 Corpus ChristL June 16 Ash Wednesday Mch. 2 St. John Baptist's Day June 24 First Sunday in Lent Mch. 6 All Saints' Day Nov. 1 Palm Sundav Apl. 10 First Sunday m Advent Nov. 27 Good Friday Api. 15 St. Nicholas Dec. 6 Easter Sunday Apl. 17 Christmas Dec. 25 Low Sunday Apl. 24 St. John, Evangelist Dec. 27 Rogation Sunday May 22 CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES. Dominical Letter B'I Solar Cycle : 14 Epact 30 Roman Indict.ion... 8 Golden Number... 1 Julian Period ECLIPSES IN In the year 1881 there will be four eclipses, two of the Sun and two of the Moon, and a transit of the planet Mercury over the Sun's disc. A partial eclipse of the Sun occurs May 27, and an annular eclipse Nov. 21, 1881, neither of which will be visible at these Islands.. A total eclipse of the Moon occurs June 11, as follows: Enters Penumbra ~.42.4 P. 11 '1 Total Eclipse ends ~.3 P. M. Enters Shadow P.1\!. Leaves Shadow P. M. Total Eclipse begins P.1\!. Leaves Penumbra P.1\!. Middle of Eclipse P. M. Magnitude of Eclipse, Moon's diameter=l. Transit of Mercury over the Sun's disc occurs Nov. 7, Ingress, ExterJor Contact.. 11~44.38 A. 11 '1 Egress, Interior Contact 5.oo.4.{) P.1\!. Ingress, InterlOr Contact A. M. Egress, Exterior Contact P.1\!. Least Distance of Centres P. M. A partial eclipse of the Moon occurs Dec. 5, 1881, partly visible here, as follows: Enters Penumbra A.M., Leaves Shadow A.M. Enters Shadow A.M. Leaves Penumbra A.M. Middle of Eclipse A. M.

13 5 FIRST QUA~TER, JANUARY. FEBRUARY. MARCH. D. H.M:. D. H.M. D. H.M. 6-First Quarter P.M. tr-first Quarter P.M. 7-First Quarter A.M. 14--Full }loon A.M. 13-Full Moon P.M. ltr-full Moon P.M. 22-I,a8t Qnarter A.M. 21-Last Quarter A.M. 2'~-Last Qnarter P.M. 2<J-New Moon P.M. 27-New :Moon P.M. 2<J-New }loon O.OO.q P.M. ~ w5 IF3 ~ fii ~ ~ ~ = ~ E z ~ ~ z E,0 ~ iia z ~ i:= a ~ ~.. z ~ ~ Z ~ ~ ~ ~ 00 ~ 0 ~ tij ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Q ~ H. Me H. li. A A II. M. H.:M. A A II. M. II. M. 1 Sat 6,42.0i IITues ' I'Tues SUN 6.<t Wed , Wed ,4 3'Mon 6, Thms ' 'rhurs iTues 6, Fri Fri Wed Sat Sat Thurs SUN SUN Fri Man Man j Sat Tues 'l'ues 6. ] SUN 6.43.~ Wed Wed Man Thurs 6; Thms , 'rues Fri Fri Wed ]2 Sat ]2 Sat i (fhms SUN i ]3 SUN i HFri '>.2 14l\Ion [Sat ]5 'rue> ii 14l\1on 15 'fues ;SUN (;.43.7 ~.?6.~ 1~ Wed 6:32.4 ~ Iwed i~.06.0 l7,..mon /0.37.'_j 11 Thurs 6,31.90., Thurs 6.10, IS:'l'ues 6, IS Fri ! 18 Fri (;.09, ; Wed 6,43, ,5at : 19 5at 6.08,4j 'fhurs 6, ZO./SUN ; 20 1 f l SUN , ,Fri MOil :Moll }.06.3i6.OS.3 22 Sat 6, (rues Tues ,. SUN 6, iWed 6.2s !Wed!6.01.2, !l\Ioll 'l'hurs : 24<Thurs,6.03.2! ;'fues ,Fri ! ,,>/Fri F iWed , 26 I Sat j is.at j \Thurs 6.41.S SUN , 27ISUN Fri Man 6.24.(; IMon Sat 'rTues , SUN j 30 Wed S :Man : 31 Thurs Principal Articles in Annuals of , found in no other List of Hawaiian Ferns. Deeadenceof Hawaiian Forests. The Tides. Not s on History of the Sugar Industry of the Hawaiian Islands, with Tables Chronological Table of Hawaiian Events. History of the Hawaiian Post Office,,vith Postal Treaties. Sketeh of the Press of Honolulu. History of Coffee Culture in the Hawaian Islands, with Tables.

14 6 OVERLAND DISTANCES, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. MILES Waikiki Grove Diamond Head ,.. 4%; Koko Head 11 Ewa Church 11 Waialua Church ~ Waianae Church, Pokai Nuuanu Pali REVISED FOR THIS ISSUE. ISLAND OF OAHU. F.wn Honolulu Post OjJke, to: MILES Waimanalo 12 Kaneohe Plantation X' Kaalaea Plantation Kualoa Ranch 19X' Punaluu Rice Plantation 26 Laie Settlement 32 Kahuku 38 ISLAND OF KADAI. From Lihue to: MILES From Koloa to: JULES Waialua Falls... 5 Hal}apepe... 7 Koloa WaImea Kealia Kilauea 22 From Lihue to: Hanalei Mana Point ISLAND OF MAUl. From Lahaina to: Kaanapali W'ailukn,... From J{ahului to: 'Vailulrn P.O.?tlakawao. Hana through Hamakua... From Wailuku to: Kalepolepo.. Makee's Plantation Makawao. From Kalepolepo to: MILES Makee's 10 Makawao 13X' From Haiku Landing to: 3 Makawao ; ; 7 11 From Makawao, Sayre'. Store, to; 45 Summit of Haleakala...;. 13 From ]1[akena to 10 Makee's Plantation From Ulupalakua to: 14 Hana, via Kaupo :. 45 MILES 4 20 ISLAND OF HAWAII. From liilo to: MILES From Laupahoehoe to: MILES Kaupakuea Plantation 10 Hilo Volcano OX' From Waimea to.. Summit Crater, via Kilauea 65 Summit of Maunakea, via Kalaieha Waiohinu 65 From Kawaihae to.. Hilo, via Hamakua 'Vaimea : 11 Hilo, via Kalaieha '. Kailua 30 From Kealakekua to: Kohala Plantation Kailua 13 From Kohala Plantation to: Waiohinu Waimea 23 Summit of Hualalai From Waimea to: From Waiohinu to: Waipio Valley 10 Keaiwa... 24, Laupahoehoe.~ 30 SummitCrater, via Kapapala.:.. 61.

15 7 SECOND QUARTER, APRIL. luy. JUNE. D. H.M. D. H.M. D. li.m. 6-Fir.t Q,uarter A.lII. 6-Fir.t Quarter A.lII. 4-First Quarter. 4.47,7 P.M. 13-Full ~foou. 1,18.5 P.M. 2O-Last Quartcr..ll.OO.9 P.llI. 13-Full Moou ll.52.3 A.llI. 2O-LastQuarter A'M. ll- J<'ull Moo P.llI. IS-Last Quarter l A.M. 27-New1> ll.53.1 P.lII. 27-New 1> P.M. 26-NewMoon A.M. ~ ~ ~z~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ :; ~: = 00 ~z = io ~ ~ io f;l ~ io z z r.. ~ ~ r.. ~ ~ ~ ~~ 0 1ll oo~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.:::~~;-;--=_,---~H-,::'lII==.'-=CH::-,'7M~. Cl Cl H. lii. H. M. ~ ~ H. M. H. M. 1 Fri. 't IISUN Wed ' Sat Mon Thurs SUN Tues 5.32' Fri ]\1on Wed i 4 Sat 'rues 6 Wed Thurs 6 Fri SUN 6 Mon Thurs Sat Tues ; Fri.. 9 Sat : ISUN 9 Mon i 8 Wed 9 'rhurs RUN 11 Mon ; O.Tue.s i l1 Wed ~.2~ Fri / SaL 'rues I'1'hurs SUN Wed IFri Mon Thurs Sat 'rues Fri.. ;5.44.4j SUN Wed Sat ,Mon I Thurs SUN ' ITues Fri Mon :.' i Wed Sat Tues ' IThurS SUN Wed :5.~ !.2120Fri i6.2K6 20 Mon Thurs i 21 Sat Tues Fri ISUN , Wed Sat Mon Thurs ! 1 24 SUN, Tues Fri t 25 I Mon,5.37.2/ Wed Sat I'rues! Thurs SUN : Wed Fri ,27 Mon Thurs I ISat ', 28 Tues !! 29.Fri j ISUN ! 29 Wed Sat , I Mon Thurs I 1 31ITues Principal Articles in Annuals of , found in no other Full text of Treaty of Reciprocity with United States. Reminis cences of the Press. Trip to the Sandwich Islands. List- of Ha wahan Mosses. Notes on History of Rice Culture in the Haw'n'. Islands. Act relating to Stamp Duties 'l'he Board of Education, its duties, &c. Hamakua-Haiku Ditch.. History and description of Hawaiian Stamps. Retrospect, ,.

16 8 INTER-ISLAND DISTANCES BY SEA, IN SEA MILES. :REVISED FOR THIS ISS{TE. AUOUND OAHU. From HOIl07nIH, ESjJ[anade lvhmf, fo : I. MILES MILE~ Bell Buoy... 1M Kahuku Diamond Head Pearl River Bar Koko Head 12 Barber's Point : Makapuu Point 17 Kaena Point, NW of Oahu Mokapu 29 Kahuku, N pt of Oahu, via Kaena. 54 Honolllin to: MILES MILE~ Lae 0 kalua, SW pointofmolokai. 35 Kawaihae West pointof Lanai Kealakekua direct Kalaupapa Leper Settlement KealakekUl\ via Kawaihae Lahaina SW point Hawaii via Kawaihae... 2&1 Kahului Punaluu... 2.<;0 Hana 125 Hilo direct 192 Maalaea 85 Hilo windward route Makena Hilo via Kawaihae Jlfahukona ', Honoln7u to:. MILES I MILES Koloa, Kauai 'Vaimea Nawiliwili Hanalei Niihau 144 Laha;lIa to: MILES I MILES Kalu~aha Maalaea LanaI. 9 Makena Kawaihae fo:. MILES MILEg MaJ;!.uJrona... 10IHilo WaIpIo Lae 0 k'l. Mano Honokaa Kailua 34 Laupahoehoe Kealakekua Hilo fo: l\liles I IULEB East point of Hawaii Punaluu Keauhou, Kau Kaalualu North point of Hawaii South point of Hawaii :. 85 WmTH OF CHANNELS, EXTREME POINT TO POINT. 1\lILES MILES Oahu and Molokai Maui and Kahoolawe... G Diamond Head to SW pt Molokai. 30 Hawaii and Maui Molokai and Lanai Kauai and Oahu " 61 Molokai and Maui Niihau and Kaui Maui and Lanai OCEAN DISTANCES-HONOLULU TO:. MILESI MILES San Francisco 2100 Auckland 3810 Portland 2460 Sydney 4484 Panama Hongkong Tahiti yokohama

17 9 THIRD QUARTER, JULY. D. H.M. 4-Fi..t Quarter ),. ll-full Moon A.M. 17-Last Quarter P.>!. 25-New Moon P.M. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. D. H.M. D. 11.1\[. 2-First Quarter P.M. 1-First Quarter A.'( 9-Full :Moou.. 10.:J5.4 A.M. 7-Full :Moon P.>!. 16-Last Quarter A.>!. 14-Last Quarter P." 24-New Moon A.>r. Zl-New Moon >1 W-Firs! Quarter A.lI. IIFri , Mon i 'rhurs Sat Tues Fri SUN Wed Sat Mon Thurs SUN D.l 5 Tues Fri.. 5.3D Mon Wed Sat 5.3D Tues Thurs SUN Wed Fri ] Mon S Thurs i Sat >1 9.Tues HFri l0isun S Wed Sat /6;03.9 li,mon , ]] Thurs SUN ~Tues i 12 Fri ]2l\1on , iWed i6.41.8i 13 Sat ]3 'rues i i'rhurs SUN Wed > 15 1 j Fri ]5 Mon Th.urs , Sat ,6.40.2, 1 16 Tues Fn !}.(f ]7 SUN /17 Wed Sat [Mon ,6.& Thurs ]8 SUN ,Tues : ]9/Fri Mon 'Wed Sat ,'l'Ues Thurs ] SUN Wed I Fri i Mon Thurs , Sat Tues ' Fri SUN Wed Sat Mon , Th.urs ~.4~ SUN Tues ,1 26 Fn a.4a.3 6.] Mon 5.53.~ Wed Sat Tues ) 1 28 T~urs ~.2 28ISUN Wed ~. 1 29IFn a.8 291Mon , IThurs ,5.46.~ 30 Sat , lTues , Fri ' SUN Wed , I Principal Articles in Annual of 1879, found in no other The Hawaiian Islands as a Sugar Producing Country. Varieties of Sweet Potato. Anecdote of Kamehameha I. List of" Birds of the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian tradition of the Origin of Fire. Meteorogical Table, 1873 to Commemoration of Centennial of Discovery. Longitude of Honolulu. Retrospect far18i.8,. and Marine Casualties for

18 10 Census of the Hawaiian Islands, taken December 27, BY DISTRICTS AND ISLANDS. HAWAII. IIllo Pllna 4,231 l,043 Kan Kona, North 1,967 Kona, South 1,761 Kohala, North Kohala, Sonth 718 Hamakua M NAUI. Lahaina WaIluku ,186 liana Makawao 3.4OB MOLORAI LANAI 2U NlIHAU 177 OAHU. IIunolulu 14,114 Ewa and Waianae 1.6\~J Waialua... 6:39 Koolauloa Koolaupoko 2.40'.l --20,235 KAUAI.. Waimea 1,197 Koloa 1.OC8 Puna l.8;j2 Koolau aud IIanalei ,634 BY NATIONALITY. Nallves Half-castes 44, Britons... Portngnese... 88't 43fj. Cllinese 0 0 5,H16 (jermans _ Americans French of HawaiIan-born forei/(n parents Other foreigners Total Popnlation, 18:8 57,980. Population of the Principal Townships of the Hawaiian Islands, Compiled from the Latest Census, NATIONALITIES. Honolulu, Wailuku, Lahaina. Hila. Waimea. Oahu. Maui. Maui. Hawaii. Kavai -_._ _.---_._ Natives. Half-castes Foreigners.. 9,272 l.all ,a , ~3 2,951 2'~a 1, '2{) 87.=T.=o",ta",l",s",..",._._.._'",..",.",.",..:..:.=.:..:...=.=..:..:'.=':":":..:''''':..:''-',----=1:..:4""1",1.=4---=,----=4,,,.1::...86-,----,- 2.:.:,4"'48-'--'-.=4,::.:2..='U=-=----=l"'.1::.:9.=7_ NATIONALITY AND SIlX OF ABOVE TABLE.I Native nlales... 4,771 ~~ females " ". 4,501 nalf-easte males ~ females""... """""... o "... " 707 Chinesc males " females naw. born of foreign parents, males ,. H "females.." 295 American~, males ')') H fenlales." "". " """.. """ ". 175 British. males..... femalcs... 31a 165 German, males, H females"".""."" ""."" 38 French, males... 2:3.. females ~ 1: l~o Portuguese, males o 00 " ow females.".. """.. ";, ""..,, ' E HOB 1; ti Other forcl!;::ners. males " " females, Totals,1878 : W14/"4:l ~231-W97 Totals by the Census of , ,ZW 1,2U B;! W vi

19 11 FOURTH QUARTER, OCTOBER. D. H.M. 7-Full Moon.., A.M. 14-La8t Quarttr P.>l. 2"2-New]\{oon P.M. 29-Fir8t Quartel P.M. NOVEllIBER. DECEllIBER. O. H.M. D. H.l!. 5-FuIDIoon P.M. 5- Full 1>Ioon A.M. 13-LastQuarter P.M. l3-last Quarter A.M. 21-New Moon A.>l. 2O-New Moon P.M. 28-First Quarter A.M. 27-First Quarter.10.1U.2 A.M. := ~ ~ ~ '15 u.i ~.~ a5 ~ t;.l ~ ~E:: ~ ~ ~~;.l ~ ~ ~ ~ ia..~z ~ ~ -1.<0 ro'i ~ ~ i ~ z z~ ~ z ~~ = Z ~ 8 ~ ~ ~~ 0 ~ lll~ 0 ~ ld ~ ~ H. M. H. M. ~ ~ R H. ll. ~ ~ H. M. H. M. 1 Sat 'rues 'rhurs SUN..,.. ' Wed , 2 Fri S 5.13.S 1 3!lIon ' Thurs Sat Tues '5.5 t Fri SUN Wed ' 5.54.S Sat 6.0S.8 5.1S.8 5 Man Thurs ' SUN S.3 6 Tues j F,ri..,5.5~.01? l\f<ln Wed 6.~9.1 ~.14.6 S S.at '5.5ed , 8 Tues 16.1O S Thurs 6._9.8 o.14.s 9 MUN.; ' : 9 Wed , 9 Fri ] l\'[on [10 l'hurs ] Sat ] rues :" i 11 Fri ]6.4 1] SUN Werl '5.56.S j I Bat 6. ] Man Th.urs 5.5~ :113IBUN ] 'rues 6.~ Fn , 14IMon Wed B.at 5.5S '11,'i Tues i Thurs SUN 5: ! 16 Wed : i 16 Fri S.0 17 f''[on 5.5!l.~i~ 31.~, 17ITh.urs ,~ Sat 1~ 3:.5'15.] rues ii18ifn 6.]5.S,.).15.0 ]S SUN !l Wed !l.8, 1!l.I.sat ;5.14.S 19 Mon \ 'rhurs !l;120'SUN : Tues ] Fri. 6.0l !121',.MOn 6.17.!l; Wed Sat 'rues 6.1S 'rhurs SUN i5.26.sI123iwed 6.19'3, Fri Mon !i.ThurS Sat :>,'rlleS 6.03.l;5.23.4i 2.~:Fri '15.14' 125 SUN Wed,6.03.5, :Sat Mon 6.3!l i'l'hurs! ~ SUN Tues 6.3!l.55.!3.5 28;Fri... '6.01.5: ,l\'[on ]3.S 28 Wed 6. 3!l.!l ,SaL !lITucs..: 6.23'SI.5.]3.8 2!l Thurs SUN i6.03.5;5.21.!l130iwed Fri iMon Sat , Principal Articles in Annual of 1880, found in no other. IS80-The Hawaiian Flag-. Honoluiu I,ibrary and Reading Room. Varieties of Taro. Hawaiian Tariffand Digest of the Laws and Regulations of the Customs, &c. 'rhe Commemorative :Monument. Hawaiian tradition of Pele and the Deluge. The Honolulu Fire Departm.ent. Retrospect for ]87!l. Marine Casualties for ]87!l. Comparative Table of Rain-fall, Honolulu, 1874 to 1879 inelusive..

20 12 Table of Elevations of Principal Localities throughout the Islands, from. the Records of the Governm.ent Survey. Measurem.ents are from. Main Sea LeveL (CORRECTED FOR THIS ISSUE.) FEET. Kaala 4,060 Palikea, Waianae Mountains... 3,110 Puu Kaua, Waianae Mountains.. 3,105 Konahuanui Peak, Pali. 3,105.5 Lanihuli Peak, Pali. 2,775 '.rantalus, or Puu Ohia... 2,013.5 Olomana Peak, in Kailua 1,643 Koko Head, upper crater... 1,205 Koko Head, lower crater Nuuanu Pali station ,207 Mokapu, crater off Kaneohe Station on ditto Makapuu, East pt. of Island Station on ditto Ulamao, hill in Kailua Maelieli, ditto, in Heeia Puu Ohulehuli, in Hakipuu... 2,262 OAHU. FEET. Round To~ (Ualakaa) 1,052 Diamond Head, or Leahi 'relegragh Station (Kaimuki) Punchbowl Hill... 4!18.5 Salt Lake Station Second Bridge, Nuuanuroad Light House, top of vane *Salt Lake, mean level.. " Avemge of High Peaks on Konahuanui Range, about 2,800 Little Bridge front of Queen Kalama's, Nuuanu road... Punahou (verandah floors old building).. Nuuanu Distributing Reservoir, level of,water. MAUl. FEET, Haleakala West Maui, about ,820 Piiholo, Makawao 2,256 Puu 10, near Captain Makee's 2,&11 Captain Makee's, about 1,900 Puu Olai (Miller's Hill) Makawao Female Seminary 1,900 H. P. Baldwin's, Makawao FEET. Mauna Kea 13,805 Mauna Loa, about. 13,600 Hualalai. 8,275 Kohala Mountain 5,505 KUauea, Volcano House " 4,«0 Kulani Hill, near Kilauea... 5,650 Falls of Hiilawe, Waipio 1,700 Waimea Court House " 2,669.6 Sea Coast Bluffs between Waipio and Waimanu, N. coast... 1,600 Kalaieha, about.... 6,450 Waipio Pali, E. side at sea Aahuwela, near Laumaia 7, FEET. Haleakala School ,150 Puu Nianiau, Makawao 1),850 HAWAII. FEET.I Puu Kapu~i, H~makua 1,~5O Puu 0 UmI, HaIku Puu Pane, Kula ,[>68 Lahainaluna Seminary Kauiki, Hamakua Grove Ranch, Makawao FEET. Waipio Pali, W. side at sea ;.. 1,200 Waipio among the Mountains 3,000 Waimanu among the Mountains.. 4,000 'Vaimanu at sea 1,600 Average road through Hamakua.. 1,000 Honokaa Store 1,100 Maulua Road Lower edge forest Hamakua 1,700 Lower edge forest Hilo 1,200 Hilo Bluffs oncoast 100 to 400 Halui Hill, Hilo Austin's, Onomea " Laupahoehoe Pali. 385 FEET.'K.A.UAI, Waia~eale 5,~!:ANAI, about :- 3,4.00 MOLOKAI, estimated... 3,500 Kahoolawe, Tngonometncal Sta- MOLOKINI 165 tion of Moaula 1,428 *In the salt making season it is from 1 to 2 feet below sea level; in the rainy season it sometime~rises to 4 feet above sea level.

21 13 RULERS OF THE PRINCIPAL NATIONS OF THE WORLD IN GOVERNMENTS. RULERS. TITLE. BORN. DATE OF ACCESSION. Argentine Republic. Nicolas Avellaneda President.. Austria-Hungary Franz Joseph I. Emperor.. Bekian Leopold II King.. Bolivia Hilario Daza PresIdent. Brazil Pedro II Alcatara Emperor. Chili China ; Anibal PiutO K"'ong Shu IPresident Emperor... C.O!Ombia Co~ta Rica Gen.eral 'I'rujiIlo 'l'omas Guardia President President... Dcnmark Christian IX King.. Ecuador ;.. Jose de Yintimilla President. France Fran~oi8P Jules GrevylPresident.. Germauy Wilhelm I... Emperor. Alsace Lorraine Eduard von!loller Oberprasident. Anhalt Friederich Duke.. Baden Friederich I. Grand Duke. Bavaria L.ud\vig II }{ing 0.. Brenlen - Bugomasters.. Brunswick Wilhelm I. Duke.. Hamburg : Burgomasters. Hesse LudWIg" IV Grand Duke. Lippe G. F. Waldemar Prince. Lu beck Burgolllasters.. Mecklenburg-Schwerin Friederich Franz.II Grand Duke Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Friederich Wilhclm Grand Duke.. Oldenbnrg Peter Grand Duke. Prussia \Vil}lclIn 1 0 Kin~. Reues-Greiz Heinrich XXII Prince. Reu"s-Schleiz Heinrich XlV IPrince. Saxe-Altenburg Ernst :Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Ernst 11. Duke Duke.. Saxe-Meiningen Gf'org I!. Duke. Saxe-Weimar Karl.Alexander Grand Duke. Saxouy Albert King.. Schammbnrg-Lippe, /AdOlf Prince Schwarzburg-Hudolph. Georg... Prine,c.. Schwarzburg-Sonders.. Gunther II Prince.. Waldeck 'Vurtemburg ~' Georg Victor Karl I Prince King.,... Great Britain and Ireland. Victoria <rn &; Ern. Ind. Greece GeorgioB I liing. Guatemala J. H.ufinio Barrios President. Hayti. ; General Salomon President.. ~~~~~;~~.~~I.a.~~~.:::::::: fr~ii~~i~~~.::::::::::::~:~~d~;;t'::::: Italy.., Humbert I King. Japan ~lutsn Hito Mikado. Mexico Porfirio Diaz President. Morocco!luley-Hassan Sultan. Netherlands Willem 111. King. Nicaragua Pedro Chamorro President.. ~~~:fau~=::::::::::::::::::~~~~~~d-g~~~:~::::::~~~~~~~l.t.::::: Peru ]\[ariano Ignacio Prado President. Portugal Luis I. King. Russia Santo Doming-o Alexander II Cesareo Guillermo Enlperor Presider.lt.. San Salvador u.. Rafael Zaldivar President. Spain Alfonso XII. King.. SW:d~n and Norway Oscar 11. King:. SwItzerland B. Hammar PresIdent. Turkey Abdul-Hamid-Khan Sultan.. Egypt Tewfik Pasha Kheidve. Roumauia Karl I DOlllllU.. Prince. ~t'ryia Milan IV Obrcnovic. '.IPrinCt~. United States K B. Hayes President.. Ururruav L. Latorre Pre~ident :. Venzue1a Guzman Blanco, pro,"l.president Oct ;;0 Dec Dec May , April 7...1s:n Scpt , Jan April Provisional 1818 Nov Sept Jan !l Jan NOv :11 May April March April J une Dec l\larch Sept Feb ;;:~ 1797 Jan Nov ;; July ;;6 Aug Jan 2iJ...18H 1826 Sept July ;;.3 18:.l8 Oct Xov f,O 183S Nov Aug- 1!~...18:15 lsu May J uue June ' June (j;~ May :J Nov 2',. 18i"9 18'16 Feb May '" 1841 Jan Feb ~Iay lsn Sept March Nov April Sept Aug 2: Nov ~larch ~ April Dec : Sept Jau Aug ; Juue ~Iay July ~ March March /;

22 14: POST OFFICE STATISTICS. Inter-Island letters passing the General Post Office, Honolulu, from 1864 to FOREIGNERS. I HAWAIIANS. YEAR. Letters Letters Letters I Lette..... Received Forwa~dl.d Received For~~ From April 1, 1864, to April 1, ,594 13,652 7,650 9,570 From April 1, 1865, to April ], ],642 14,886 ]4, ,Gi8 From April 1, 1866, to April 1, ]867 23,282 16,607 20,082 22,821 From April ], 1867, to April ], ,873 19,013 23,733 25,535 From April 1, 1868, to April 1, ,543 19,547 25,920 25,986 From April 1, 1869, to April 1, ]870 27,433 19,806 25,233 24,499 :From April 1, 1870, to April 1, 18il 29,147 19,118 28,596 28,091 From April ], 18il, to April 1, , ,333 26, , il5 From April ]; ]872, to April 1, 18iS 27, il7 24,199 41,662 4],340 From April ], 1873, to April 1, ,313 25,007 45,816 44,233 From April 1, 1874, to April 1, , ,232 39,027 From April 1, 1875, to April ], ,166 23,564 35,630 44,233 From April 1, 1876, to April 1, 18ii 36,349 29,558 32,250 49,9ii From April 1, ]8ii, to April ], ,409 37,094 33,472 52,181 From April ], 1878, to April ], ,907 47,957 43,605 67,153 From April 1, 1879, to April 1, , ,936 46,496 69,489 The number of letters received from, and sent to Foreign Ports, from April 1st, 1870, to April 1st, 1880, have been us follows: I Year. Letters Received. Letters Forwarded ] 25,8]],'..,'..24, DD! ] ,772 23, ~,020 25, ,679 ~ 2;5, '1-1875, 26,112 28, ]876 ] ,244 31,650 35, ] ; 42,4&>.45,682 44,505.43, : ; 50, ,209 COMPARATIVE TABLE OF POPULATION OF HAWAIIAN IS. ISLANDS. EQ,T. CENSUS CENSUS CENSUS C~NSU8 CENSUS census1cexsus' : (;ij ' Ha\\ aii. :I\laui. Oahu. KauaL. J\Iolokai.. Lanai. Niihau.. Kahoolawe.. Totals , , ,579 ~,la8 W,800 -;,959 M,897 -;,985

23 .. COMPARATIVE TABLE OF PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF EXPORT, YEAR Lns. GALLS. LnB. LnB. I Lns. Pes Lns. GOAT LBS. LBB. I LBS. TONS 'TOTAl, VALUE ALL :SUGAB. MOLASSES. RICE. PADDY. COFFEE. HIDES. TALLOW. SKINS. WOOL. PCLU. FUNGUS. SALT. DO'I. EXPORTB ;144, ,613== =.~= -48,966 19,964 84,957 37, ro; , , $349, ,562, ,259 45,366 7, , , , , ] ,005, , , ,176 ]46,463 ]5, ,94253,076 40, , ,4] , ]863 5,292, , , ,29] 133,17] 16,366 2B2,640 43, ]63 425, , ,213 5' ,414, , ,320 50,083 12,049 ]89,700 32, , , , , ]86515,318, , ,257, 310,799 3, ,49054, , , , ,430, ]86617,729,]61 851, , ,682 8, ,73176,115 73, ,026 ]20, ],396, ]86717,127,]87 5'14, , , ,5'1611,207 60,93651, , , ,666 lo7 ],205,62202 ]86818,312, ,839 40, ,954 78,373 11, ,50457, , , ] 540 1,340, ,302, ,311 48,8301,586, ,841 ]2,803 85,93762,736 2]8, ,998 85,215 1,152 1,639, ,783, , , , ,111 13,095 90,388 67, ,803 41,968 2,5]3 :,403, ,760, , , ,452 46,92619, ,24058, , ,720 37, ,656, ]6,995, , , ,582 39,27627, ,978153, ,526 42],227 32, ,34.5, ,129, , , , ,02520, ,855166' , ,823 57, ,661, ,566,611 90,060 ],187, ,157 75,49622, ,596 71, ,926 4]8,320 50, l 1,555, ,080,182 93,722 ].573, , ,977 22, ,920 60, , ,003 45, ,774, ,072, ,073 2,259,324 ];542, ,667 11,105?27,291 45, ,5'12 314,432 35, ,994, ,575, ,4622,691,3702,571,987 lol, ,829 51,551385, ,586 11, ,363, ,431,458 93,1362,767,7682,784, ,963 25,309, 239,941,64, , ,740 22, l 3,333, j ,020,972 87,4754,792,813 38,815 74,275 24,885 24, , ,001 2, ,665, INTERNAL TAXES FOR BIENNIAL PERIODS, Real Est. Per. Prop. Polls. Horses. ~fules. Dogs.. Carria[Je.~. Nat. Seamen. Totals $17,063 $12,990 $32,995 $52,742 $2,691 $1],018 $],294.. $2,441 $]33, , , , , , , , , ]31, G- 20,173 16,336 30,870 60,290 4,265 12,016 1,748 4, , , ,532 20,197 22, ,086 28,850 61,541: 60,027 4,823 5, , ,430 2, ,212 8, , , ,355 45,329 27, ,006 6,140 22,271. 3,125 5, , ,892 42,707 27,620 50,088 6,073 20,236 3,490 3,296 ; 207, , ,fl88 27,372 49,1\J4 6,012 18,676 3, , , ! ,722 47, ,053 ]6,465 4,865 2,114 29], , , ,484.. : 43, , , ,310

24 16 List offree Imports from the United States by Treaty. Agricultural Implements. Animals. Bacon, Beef, Books, Boots and Shoes, Bullion, Bran, Bricks, Bread and Breadstuffs of all kinds, Butter. Cement, Cheese, Coal, Cordage, Copper and Composition Sheathing, Nails and Bolts; Cotton and Manufactures of Cotton, bleached and unbleached, and whether or not colored, stained, painted or printed. Doors, Sashes and Blinds. Eggs; Engines and parts thereof.. Fish and Oysters, and all other creatures living in the water, and the products thereof; Fruits, Nuts and Vegetables, green, dried or undried, preserved or unpreserved; Flour, Furs. Grain. Ham, Hardware, Harness, Hay; Hides, dressed or undressed; Hoop Iron. Ice, Iron and Steel, and manufactures thereof; Nails, Spikes and Bolts, Rivets, Brads or Sprigs, Tacks. Lard, Leather, and all manufactures thereof; Lumber and Timber of all kinds, round, hewed, sawed, and manufactured in whole or in part; Lime. Machinery of all kinds, Meal and Bran, Meats, fresh, smoked or preserved. Nails, Naval Stores, including Tar, Pitch, Resin, Turpentine, raw and rectified.. Oats. Paper, and all manufactures of Paper or of Paper and Wood; Petroleum, and all Oils for lubricating or illuminating purposes; Plants, Shrubs, Trees and Seeds, Pork. Rice. Salt, Shooks, Skins and Pelts, dressed or undressed; Staves and Headings, Starch, Stationery, Soap, Sugar, refined or unrefined. Tallow, Textile Manufactures made of a combination of wool, cotton, silk or linen,or of any two or more of them, other than when ready-made clothing; Tobacco, whether in leaf or manufactured. 'Vagons and Carts for the purposes of agriculture or of drayage, 'Vood and manufactures of Wood, or 'Vood and Metal, except Furniture either upholstered or carved, and Carriages; \Vool and manufactures of 'Vool, other thah ready-made clothing. List of Articles Admitted into the United States Free of Duty from the Ha"Waiian Islands, "When Properly Certified to Before the U. S. ConsuL Arrow-root; bananas; castor-oil; hides and skins, undressed; pulu; rice; seeds; plants, shrubs or trees; muscovado, brown, and all other unrefined sugar; commonly known as "Sandwieh Island sugar;" syrups of sugar cane, melado and molasses; tallow; vegetables, dried and undried, preserved and unpreserved. For the complete Tariffand Digest of the Laws and Regulations of the Customs, Pilot and Harbor Regulations, corrected to November, see Almanac imd Annual for 1880.

25 ..... Comparative View of the Commerce of the Hawaiian Islands from 1844, giving the Totals for each Year. Dome!:ltic Foreign Total (Jus Transhipment of Oil and Bone. Shipping. SpirIts Haw. ltegisear. Imports. Exports. Produce Produce tom House Galls. Merch'tVessels Wh'lers Gallons te..edvessel~ Galls. Lbs. Nat'IVess'!s y Exported. Exported. Receipts. Spill. Oil Wh.Oil. Wh.Bone. No. No, 'rous..no. Consum'd No. Tons _._ l 350, ,641 $ 100,587, 60,054, 14, ~ ,94t 269,710..., ,700 67, , , , ,525 62, , , , , ,208 48, ;578 "'3;iii , , ,819 33,551 55, , , , , , ,102 83, , JZ ,035, , ,718 5& , , "90;:i04" ,823, ,231 "3;53' 309,828.. i04', : , , ,602. 9'oi',604' , ,393 11, , , , ,46 173,490 o 1,182,738 3,159, ,065 1,401, , , , , , , ,396 3,787,348 2,020, , ,590, , , , , ,82 156,484 1,683, ,479, ,383,169 47, , , , , , ,308 6,27 1,436, , , ,151, , , , , , ,294 4,83 1,641,579 1,074, , ,130, , , , , , ,306 4,718 2,018,027 1,295, , ,089, ,082 16, , , , ,464 5,79 2,551, ,614, , ,555, , , , , ,129 5,24 156,:160 1, ,147, ~9 59, ,22&, , , , , ,302 47, , , , , , ,872 14, , ,115 6,93 20, , , , ,424 45, , , ,490 12,522 b, , , ,687 1,175,493 1,025, , , , ,752 66,687 6, , ,930 1,712,241 1,662, ,113,328 7, , ,116 33,860 6,49 608, , , ,946,265 1,808,257 1,521, , , ,89 42, ,593 I 337, ,993,821 67,068 1,934,576 1,505, , , , ,961 10,17o 1,250.!l65 611, , ,957,410 1,679, ,833 1,324, , ,66 220, , , , , ,935,790 1,898,215 1,450,269 15, , , , , , , , ,040,068 2,336, ,030 1,743, , , , ,690 1,698, , , ,930,227 2,144, ,016 1,514, , , ,234 10,528 1,443, , , ,625,884 1,892,069 1,733, , , ,332 10,85 63, , , , ,746,173 1,607, ,817 1,402, , , ,06 60, , , ,437,611 2,128, ,843 1,725, ,40 402, ,655 56, , , , ,310,827 1,839, ,212 1,622, ,164 8,56 183,857 23, , , , ,505,670 2,089, ,466 1,774, ,10 254,353 t 213,447 37, , , , ,811,770 2,241,041 21,131 2,055, , , S,706 1&77 2,554, ,707 3,676,203 2,462, I 6,75 213, , ,046,370 I 116, ,548,472 3,333,979 I 24, , , , , , ,742,978 3,781, ,360 3,665, ,214 7, , , , ,023 NOTE.-Where blanks occur in the earlier years. there was either )10 record or the figures when given IVere unrelia~le. The first transhipment of _ c;>il and Done WIIS in 1551, eo fllr as any regular record can be fonnd for statistical pnrpcses.

26 18, A COMPARATIVE TABLE OF THE LEADING IMPORTS OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS Ale, Porter, Brandy, Cider $ 14,9'1'7 32 $ ,59 $ 27, $ 43, Animal. and Bird : , , Bnilding Material... 15, , ,5.% 02 89, Clothing, liat., Boot , , 'J , Crockery and Gla ware... 6, , , ,107 4~ Drugs and Medicines... 15, , , , Dry Goods-Cottons , If);~, ,927 4'1 Linens... 7, , ,048 liz Silks... l1,7!j'j 52 13,8: ,2G , Woolen... 26, , , ,21:~ 46 Mixturcs 31, , ,: , Fancy Good., Millinery, etc... 30, , , , Fish (dry and salt). 18, , , ,!l7S 3a Flour... 46, , , , Fruits (frcsh)... l.lj , , , FurnIture... 12, , , , Furs and Ivory... 2, , ,90'240 3,2'2'280 Grain and Feed... 13, , , Groceries aud Provisions... 83, ,328 0'2 160, , Guns and Gun Materials... 2, , , , Gun Powder... 1, ,] , , Hardwarc, AO"ricultural Implements, Tools.. 60,W , :i59, ,4!l2 80 Iron, Steel, efe... 7, , , Jewelry,P late, Clocks... 12, ,8;' , ,14'1 10 Leather... 6, , , ,54269 Lnmber 50, , , , :Maehinery... 20, :~,6U :! , }\[atches 5, , , ,049 4:~ }\[usical Instruments... 2, , , Naval Stores... 35, ,62;; 88 50, ,41025 Oils (cocoanut, kerosene, wliale; etc.) , , , ,8150:; Opium... 13, , Paint and Paint Oils... 10, , , ,36047 PerfLlmeryand Toilet Articles_... 6, , , Saddlery, 0arriages, etc ~ ,706 5':} Shooks and Containers _... 63, U, :l7,504 (J() 45,585 :39 Spirits... 30, , ,O!H 62 72,: Stationery and Books 17, ,, , Tea : '... 7, ,292!l2 9,16!! 02 2U.79!l 5:1 Tin and Tinware... 3, , , ,5">6 90 Tobacco, Cigars, etc... 34, ,072 f.3 61,4!1I> 1J2 82, Whalebone.. (i ,<' ,5!~~ 12 19, Wines (light>... 10, , , , THE PUBLIC DEBT. (From Report of"'\1inister of Finance to Legislative Assembly, 1880.) The Debt on the 1st of April, 1878, was, $444,800 Amount paid during the past fiscal period ,800 Balance of Debt of1878, $365,000 Borrowed by authority of Act of September, ,900 Present Debt, April t, 1880 $388,900 The interest charges on the above are: Twelve per cent. per annnm on $ 41,000 Nine per cent. per annum on 304,200 Seven per cent. per annum on..; ,000 Bearing no interest-bond due not called for, Debt as shown above, $388,900 Of this there will be due and payable.during the current fiscal period....$89.600

27 19 IMPORTS HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, , Ale, Porter, Beer, Cider $ Animals and Birds.. Building Materia18~ 0 0 Clothing, liats, Boots. Crockery, Glassware, Lamps and Lamp Fixtures. Drngs, Surgical' Instruments and Dental Materials. Dry Goods-Cottous. Linens.. Silks. Woolens. liilxtures.,. Fancy Goods, MIllinery, etc. Fish (dry and salt). Flour. Fruits (fresh). Furniture. Furs and Ivory. Grain and Feed.. Groceries and Provbions.. Guns and Gun Materials.. GunPowder Hardware, Agricultural Implements and TOTAL ,912 8H $ 11, $ $ 78,518 9,;. :18,711 S;~ 49, :3 189, , , , , ,690 Z~ 78, , , '~,!l; !1, ,'i ;~2, , , ,8',g , aOO 71 5:32 9'Z SO H 30 4,~'(j ,7ft , , i:soo 'lii t>.~:~ ~... "ilii'99 106, , , , , , , ~, ; , , , '9,!! , , , , , ), , , " 95 3,222 8U r;5,4o'~ , , , Tools... 5:3, , ,49'~ SO Iron and Steel, etc... 2' , ; til,70'j 98 Jewelry, Plate, Clocks.. 8J ,OZ~ 32 3, Leather O,9i:8 7:J Lumber... 6, , , Machinery , , Matches ~ 3,9m ~ 41'~, :Musical Iustruments... 10,OO'J , au Naval Stores , Z-1,602 O'~ , Oils (Cocoanut, Kerosene, Whale, etc.) 7,51a 70 54, , , Paints and Paint Oils and Turpentine... 22,74t 43 5lH 00 lla 04 2:1",60 47 Perfumery and 'follet Artlcbi ,2J;~ 7', , Saddlery, Carriages and Materia!... 31, ,64~ ao 1,014 SO 78,706 5:3 Sh~,,!ks and Con iainers ;~ 81 9, , , SpIrItS (t9, , Stationery and Books... 10,21~ 94 32,777 fig 1,071 OJ 44,l'!J8 61 Tea. 11,980 7:3 8, ,799 5:3 Tin and Tinware and.materiols... 6,%6 90." Tobacco, Cigaro, etc... 3, , 'l, , 'Vha!ebone ,363 4'5 19,:16:~ 45 Whaling Gear 'j':ll Wines (light) 2, , , Sundry MdEe. not Inclnded in above... 59,955 6" 32, , ,a80 02 Sundry Unspecified :Merchandise... 2, , Charges on Invoice... 49, , , , per ct added on Uncertified Invoices 4, ,576 ~3 Totals ISt:G91,Z.093 W $187,52905$3,404, Disoounts '0 $23, Damaged and short... 4,1l3 III IMPORTS AT OTHER PORTS, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 27, $3,377, VALUE PAYING VALUE FREE BY VALUR IN DtJTY. TREATY. BOND.... KahuluC=.~=.~ $7, $110,2;;2 r;;- - $3656- Hila 4, , Kealakekua $3,533.a.~8 98 Value of goods free : 1--=49.6~~ Total. $3,742,978 39

28 20 SELECTIONS FROM CUSTOM HOUSE TABLES, Customs Receipts. Import Duties Goods $151,864 SO Fines and Forfeitures.. Imp<:>rt Duties Spirits 121,877 3:3 Registry. Import Duties Bond Goods... 23, Bp.oys. 'Vharfa~e 15, Warehouse Storage H. Fund (seamen) Samples Hospital Fund (passengers)... 12, Blanks , Honolulu $:3';6, Storage... 5,898 Zl HHo... 97~ 68 Interest... 3, Kakului Fees... 3, Coasting Lieense... 2,620 9t3 Kerosene Stora!:e... 1, Lights... 1, Passports Total 1879 $359, Total , Increase ,244 &3 Value of Goods Free by Treaty. United States, Pacific Ports $1,317, At Kealakekua United States, Atlantic Ports , At Kahului. :. 110,25254 Total $1,820,35533 At IIilo... 93, Value of Goods Paying Duty Imported at Honolulu. United States, Pacific Ports.. $ 361, Society Islands.. United States, Atlantic Ports.. 3:1, Sea, by Whalers ~ Great Britain.. 7\18, Germany , Total Honolulu $1,573, China , At Kahului, from U. S. Pac. Pts 7,:3n 8! At Hilo, frolll U. S. Pacific Ports 4,63~ 72: Australia and New Zealand... &5,922 7:3 France , British Columbia... 11, :Micronesia, Guano Islands, etc 2,99J 43 Total at all Ports $I,585,8.'J3 67 Value of Goods and Spirits Bonded. United States, Pacific Ports.. : $ 69, Sea. by.whalers : 1, United States, Atlantic Ports... 8,: Micronesia, Guano Islands, etc 'l Great Britain... 43,68.'l98 China... 39, Total Honolulu $187, Australia and New Zealand.. 11, At Kahului France.... 7,5~f7 61 Germany , Total at all Ports $187, Value of Goods Imported Free. Animals and Birds $ Bags and Containers (retnrned),. Books, Printed in Hawaiian. Voal, at Honoluln. Diplomatic Representatives ~~~~~~i:~~l~~~~~~~~\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Personal and Household Effects (old and in use). ~1~~'t;~~dS~~d~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ReturJled Cargo , , ,5!:J840 5,4~4 49 8,4677u 56,0;;642 16, , ,0'&8 UO 1~~i~~i~~t1~t~~~i:S:S:i~~::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::: :~:~:6:0:.~: ~ ,68Q !J5 Total $149,6~~ 41 Resume, Imports llawaiian Islands. Value Goods Free by Treaty $1,820,~55 33 Value Goods Paying.~uty 1,~,&l3 67 Value Goods and SpIrItsBonded... 18/,149 US Value Goods and Spirits Free : ,&'l'J 41 Total. ~ $3,742,97B 39

29 21 SELECTIONS FROM CUSTOM HOUSE TABLES, Ta.ble of Principal Domestic :Experts for 1879, Port of Honolulu, Showing the Country to which :Exported. ~"C>g ~~ ~:-: ~~ a ~ >gg; in~f3 S; ~~ ~; S a co.!" ~ ~:;. ~~ ~g ~ ~ ~~.~ ~p.. ~:i Sugar, Ibs ,016, , ,312 49,020,972!lolasses, galls... 81,325 4, ,475 Paddy, lbs... 38, ,815 Rice, Ibs. 4,769,580 13,200 2,300 4,000 2,058 3,533 4,792,813 Colfee, Ibs... 68, , ,275 Salt, tous Poi, bbls, ; 2S 167 :Fullgns, Ibs , Bananas, bchs ;... 12, ,369 Goat Skins, pcs... 24,940,. 10, ,9-10 Hides,pcs... 14,20"2 168 :... 24,685 Calf Skin., pcs Puln, Ibs... 25, , , ,001 Wool, Ibs ; ,379 " ,308 ~:tti~~~~~d:::::::::::::::::: :::::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::: : 1,1~ 1,1;;g Peanuts, lbs ~... 27, ,525 Betal Leaves. bx Domestic Exports Hawa.iian Islands. Sugar, Ibs 49,020,972 Goat Skin., pcs. Mola es, galls... 87,475 Hide., I?cs. Paddy, lbs... 88,815 Calf Skms, pcs. Rice, lbs 4,792,813 Pulu, Ibs. Colfee, lb :... 74,275 Wool,lbs. Salt, tons Rnm, galls. Poi, bbls 167 Cattle, head. Fung-us, Ib8 o.o 0 2,571 Betel leaves, bxs.. Bananas, bchs... 12,369 Peanuts, Ibs.. Whalebone, lbs 816 Total Value Domestic Produce :Exported. 24,940 24, , ,308 2, ,525 Total Valne Domestic Produce Exported.-..: $3, Furnished as Supplies to Merchantmen, as per estimate Fnrni.hed as Supplies to National Vessels, a. per e.timate... 20, Furm.hed as supplies at all other Ports, a. per e.timate : 3, Total $a,665,5o'd 76 Total ofall Experts, Ha.waiian Islands. Value Foreign Good. Exp~rted $ 116, Value Domestic Good. Exported 3,587, Value Dome.tic Good. Furnished as Supplies (e.timated)... 78, Total.. $3,781, ONE SET SPECIMEN HAWAIIAN POSTAGE STAMPS, UNUSED, Of 1, 2, 2, 2, 5, 6, 12, 13 and 18 cents, mounted on card, showing name of figures, denominations and time of issue, sent to any address, by registered mail, for $1.50. This gives a complete set of the" Bust" or engraved stamps, and can be had only of the undersigned. Remittances can be mailed in U. S. currency, or stamps. Address, 'rhos. G. 'rhrum, Honolulu. Letters of inquiry must include st~mps for reply, or they will not be answered.

30 22 Passenger Statistics, AITivaIs and Departures, Port ofhonolulu, CHINESE. FROM AND TO FROM TO FR01'( TO c > c :=:: 0,; a: 0,; g ;:: '" ;:;; '" ::; " S " ::; " S'" ~ ;;l ~ ~ '!' Eo '!' '" " t:l t:l ~ ~ San Francisco Oregon and Washington Territory Victoria, B. C Chi"a and Japan ' Australia and New Zealand f>o 3 2. Islands and Ports in the North and South Pacific Atlantic ports European Ports Madeira Islands... 22' Totals Total airiv~ls for the year ; 7,663 Total departnres for the year 1,418 Excess of arrivals 6,245 Passengers in Transitu. From Australia aud New Zealaud to San Francisco 733 From San Francisco to New Zealand and Australia 1,003 Comparative Table of Receipts and Expenditures, Hawaiian Islands, , and Estimated REVENUE O CUf!tom House $ 361,371 $ 582,846'$ 548,400 Internal Commerce... 85, ,946 98,950 Internal Taxes , , ,0\l0 Fines, Fees, Perquisites, &c , , ,850 Government Realizations , , ,000 Government Stocks... 87,200 23,900. Cash in the Treasury April 1, , $1,151,713 $1,703,736 $1,780,080 EXPENDITURES. Civil List $ PermanentSettlements. Le&,islature and PriVY Council...Tuuiciary Department.. Department of \Var. Department of Foreign Affairs. Department of Interior.. Department of Finance.. Department of Attorney-GeneraL.. Bureau of Public Instruction.. Miscellaneous.. Merged into Department of Foreign Affairs ,000 $ 65,500 $ :14,025 15,075 22,080 16,523 71,743 54,(;42 79,667 67,993 * Estimated )04,000 19,600 20,300 96,587 32,1)36 36,830,133,100 37l~ , , ,057 1,233, , , , ,200 71,721 79,605 89, , $1,110,472 $1,495,6971$2,196,006.'

31 23 VALUE OF FOREIGN COINS IN UNITED STATES MONEY, AS PROCLAIMED BY THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT JAN. UARY,1880. COUNTRY. JlloNETARY UNIT. Ul I STANDARD COIN. Austria. :IIFlorin : Gold. $ Guilden. Bel ium Franc G. & S , 10 and 20 francs. Bolivia Dollar G. & S Escndo, ~ boliv'r & boliv'r. Brazil Jllilreis ofl,oooreis Gold None. Br. Poss. in N. Am. Dollar Gold Bogota Peso Gold Ccntral America.., Dollar Silver Chili. Peso Gold Denmark Crown Gold Ecuador Dollar Silver Egypt Pound of 100 piasters Gold France Franc G. & S Great Britain Pound.terling Gold t1.6 Greece Drachma G. & S German Empire Mark Gold E Japan Yen Gold " India Rupee of 16 annas Silver Italy Lira G. & S Liberia Dollar Gold Mexico Dollar Silver Netherlands Fiorin G. & S Norway Crown Gold... 2tl.8 Peru Dollar Silver Dollar. Condor, donbloon, escndo. 10 and W crowns. Dollar. 5, 10, 25 and 50 piasters. 5, 10 and 20 francs. IIalf-sovereig-ll and sovereign. 5, 10, and 100 drachmas. 5, 10 and 20 marks. 1,2, 5, 10 and 20 yen. 5, 10,20, 50 and 100 lire. Poso ordol., 5, 10, 25, 50 centavo. Florin; 10 guild.; gold ($4 01.9). 10 and 20 crowns. Portugal. lililreis 00,000 reis Gold ,5 and 10 milreis. Russia Rouble of 100 copecks Silver.. '74 8 ~4, Y. and 1 rouble. Sandwich Islands.. Dollar G. & S Spaiu Peseta of 100 centimes G. &; S Sweden Crown Gold Switzerland jfranc G. & S Tripoli Mahbub of 20 piasters Silver..I 84.4 Tunis Piaster of 16 caroubs Silver ,10, 20, 50 and 100 pesetas. 10 and 20 crowns. 5, 10 and 20 francs. Turkey Piaster Gold , 50, 100, 250 and 500 piasters. U. S. of Colombia.. Peso Silver The above table exhibits the valnes in United States money of account, of the pure gold or silver representing, respectively, the monetary units and standard coins of foreign countries, in compliance with the Act of Congress of March 3d, 1873, which provides" that the value of foreign coin * ;< * * shall be that of the pure metal of such coin of standard value." EXTRACTS FROM SESSION LAWS OF From an Act to impose specific duties upon Rice, Paddy and Raw Sugars imported into this Kingdom. "There shall be levied, collected and paid, a duty of two and a half cents per pound upon all Rice imported into this Kingdom, and if the same be in the husk or what is commonly known as paddy, a duty of one and a half cents per pound; and a duty of two and a half cents per pound upon all raw sugars imported into this Kingdom." From an Act to fix the compensation of Pilots at the ports of Kahului, Maui, and Hilo, Hawaii. " The compensation of the Pilots at the ports of Kahului, Maui, and Hilo, Hawaii, shall be as follows: One dollar and fifty cents per foot 011 the vessel's draft coming into port, and the same for going out of port. For anchoring any vessel off the said ports of Kakului and Hilo, Ten Dollars; provided that the pilot be not detained on board longer than twenty-four hours, and for all detention on board beyond that time Five Dollars per day.

32 24 TABLE OF FOREIGN COINS ADOPTED AS THE CURRENT RATES IN HONOLULU, H. I. By resolution of His Majesty the King in Privy Council, and pub. lished by the Finance Department, the values of the following coins have been fixed and determined at the rates set opposite to them, respectively, viz: GOLD. u. 8. Hll'DOL8'/ GOLD. u. 8. Hl" DOLa. US Double Eagle, at Italian 20 Lire, at 8 US Eagle,.at 20 Italian 10 Lire, at.4 U S Half Eagle, at 10 Russian 5 Roubles, at 8 U S Quarter Eagle, at... 5 Eng and Austr Sovereigns, at 10 SILVER. Eng and Austr Hf Sovs, at 5 French 5 Francs, at 2 French 50 Francs, at 20 Mexican Dollar, old die 2 French 20 Francs, at 8 Belgian 5 Francs, at 2 French 10 Francs, at 4 Italian 5 Lire, at 2 English Shilling, Spanish, Mexican (old die) and Peruvian Quarter Dollars at 25 cents each. Other coins than the above are not current, or legal tender, in the Hawaiian Islands. The following are the values at which the several respective named coins pass, viz: Mexican Dollar, new die 70 cts Half Dollar, new die 35 cts Chilian Dollar, un Peso 70 cts Half Dollar 35 cts Peruvian Dollar, So cts Half Dollar 35 cts Half Crown, English 50 cts Florin, English 35 cts Rupee, India 35 cts This additional list we give for the benefit of strangers here and enquirers abroad, though it must.be understood by the Privy Council Table preceding that they are uncurrent, and persons are not obliged. to take them. All import duties and interest on Government Bonds shall be paid in U. S. gold coin or its equivalent. EXTRACT FROM SESSION LAWS OF From an Act to provide for the registration of co-partnership firms. ",\Vhen two or more persons are engaged in co-partnership, it shall be incurn Jent on them to file in the Interior Department a statement of the names and residences of each of the members, the nature of the business, the firm name, and the place or places of business of the copartnership, and shall publish same at least twice in the Hawaiian and English languages.";,. From an Act relating to Foreign Corporations carrying on business in this Kingdom. "Every Corporation or Incorporated Company desirous of carrying on business inthis Kingdom and to hold and convey real estate therein shall file in theinterior Department a certified copy of the charter or act of incorporation, the names of the officers thereof, the name of some person uponwhom legal notices and process from the Courts may be served j an annual statement of the assets and liabilities on the first day of July, and ~ certified copy of the by~laws of such Company."

33 .. Comparative Table of tho Principal Domestio Exports. Port of Honolulu. Ha~aUan Islands. for the First, Socond. and Third Quarters Compared with the Same Periods of '.1. " [ l ~ ~ ~~ '.~ ~ ~ ~ ~. ~ ~ ~.l.g g ~." ~:? ~ J~Sg:~ j 00 ~~~::;.<;t<.~ ~ [~ ~~ ~~'["' [~[~ Total Value, 'e: ~ g'to"d ~... ~ ~ ~ [ First Quarter , $ Fir8t Quarter ,320 ft , Zloo... 3,982 7,990 6, , ,491 I ~e-;;;;== 5, ;ss.= "42i :-:-=C=~~I~16=~ 58,728 =-:-:-24:= n;;:;;~=== ~= ==~ -:-:-1021~125 -S~ 2:t7t -:-:-= ~ ~ 174 -:-:-= 2O,49i -:-:-=~ ~econd Quart;r, r.9:;2163.2~3"';';1 61~.81~1~.~\101 3~ ~ : ?lj ~... $ !!,'? 18 Second Quart r Ja.l a a ) , 'J Incr~~=: "5:i92.851\-39.7!J3 =1==\::='1101=li2.519\2.5491=:-: -;. 120 I6t 4J8O -:-:-= 57.81i = :-: = -:-:-= - 425, n;;:;;~: ===- i9,3i5 2.W;n3 i4:ffii8 -:-:- 35 :-::~ -:-:-= 1:05,;, -:-:-= -:-:-=28,8381~ 1170;0 25 7:034 === Six Months ft9.u7: ' \ F~8.oa2\1l6,5:.m 8401" $ :i 36 Six Months ,8151,688, , , ~ ~ _Incr~=: ""i1,"ooo, [l()4 ~ 12, ~ 4980" 1 11 r..1l39 "~'l= II--sB6.5<i592 Decrease ~7.267 : !t!,irdliuarter.1880.\ \ \2, \..\ \ \ $ OS ~!iirdql1a~t5.~8~ Z 19.~:.:..:..:.:: :.:..:..:.::. ~ :.:..:::.:..:..:.::. 2,547 9,682:..:..:..:..:....:.:.:.:.:.: ,234 :.:..:::.: ~:.:.:.:..:.: rncrease \ ,341\ 837 2,364 3, ,543, $ n~~-~=~=1===501===11:0281=-:-:-=26,i38;:==-:-:-1==11~= Niue Monthll.I880.J : 3;1H ,S:3a 10\ '686 14,715119,374112,763\ ~,032\3~1'316\ M40!..\ 1511 '1$ 3.68I,a64 44 Nine Mouths ,380 38,815 3,078,013 54, ,927 24,940 6, ,650 2"J7,23! , '-I;;~;:-::=. lo,41h, =837, :':= \=\ 6, = 141,082 =1-:-:- 30=[$ ~ 17 --n;;;;~= =:= ~:= i,815 =-=:-= 401wI. =1 5,566 =1:-:= =:113ul;o\=127,525, ==:: ' I!. I ' I '0.' -, " '... "

34 26 SELECTIONS FROM THE REVISED POSTAL ACT OF 1878, RELATING TO RATES AND CLASS. The following shall be the rates of Hawaiian Postage on all mail- l able matter in classes:. Class 1. On each letter sealed package, mail matter wholly or partly in writing, printed matter, so marked or interlined as to convey other information than that of the original print, all matter not otherwise chargeable with letter postage but concealing any written memorandum; and all matter so wrapped or secured as to prevent its examination without breaking or destroying the wrapper, two cents for each one-half ounce or fraction thereof.. 'Vhere any such matter is sent to, or received from any foreign country, six cents on each one-half ounce or fraction thereof; and in addition to the said rate of six cents, the sea-postage shall be collected on such foreign mail matter. Letters to be delivered at the office where mailed, one cent for each one-half ounce or fraction thereof. Class 2. On all newspapers, pamphlets, almanacs, calendars, corrected proofs, hand-bills, magazines maps, sheet music occasional publications (not bound), posters and other publications (not bound), designed primarily for advertising purposes or for free circulation, one cent for each four ounces or fraction thereof; where such matter is sent to or received from any foreign country, one cent on each two ounces or fraction thereof. Editors or publishers may exchange post free. Newspapers published in the Hawaiian Islands and mailed from the office of publication to subscribers, free. Class 3. On all books or other bound volumes-either printed or blank-blank cards, book manuscript/ card boards, engravings, merchandise, models, samples, seed, cuttmgs, roots, bulbs, photographs, and all other matter not included in the first or second classes above, one cent for each one ounce or fraction thereof, domestic or foreign. All matter pertaining to the second or third class above named shall be so wrapped or secured as to permit of free examination without breaking or destroying the cover or wrapper,otherwise such matter shall be subject to first-class postage.. The sender of any book, paper, or other matter pertaining to the second or third classes, may write upon or within the same the name and address of the person to whom sent, with a statement that such package was sent by a person named; and also the name and address of the sender, or any part of such statement. No package containing liquids, poisons, glass, explosive chemicals, live animals, sharp instruments, sugar, or any other material liable to deface or destroy the contents of the mail, shall be sent by mail; nor shall any letter or postal card upon which is written, impressed or engraved any disloyal, lewd, or obscene or indecent words, or delineations, nor any disloyal, lewd, obscene, or indecent book, paper, pamphlet, or other publication, be transmitted through the mail. When the Postmaster shall have reason to suspect that any mail matter from a foreign country contains articles subject to customs duties, he may retain the same, and cause it to be opened in the presence of the person to whom directed and the Collector of Customs, or any person authorized by him. Any person or persons violating or attempting to violate the above restrictions, shall be liable to a fine not exceeding Five"Hundred Dollars, or imprisonment at hard labor not exceeding one year, on conviction before any Police or District Magistrate. No package sent by mail shall exceed four pounds in weight, except under the first class. Provided, however, that nothing

35 27 in this Section contained shall be construed to conflict with the provisions of any Postal Treaty or Convention now existing. Postal Ta.lIle..,, LETr=-1 NEWSPAPERS. O'rHER PRINTED MATTER. oo~ d "". 0"....; "'m....; 000 "m!';;; ""aq' "m.. "". (l> "'- ~~ ~c:.. '" ~;"t;l ~ S ;-- :'c: ~~ -- :~ :1> 01'" :"" :"" : "m <t ""-...,. -0 ~~ :; oi' a... """,... '"...,. "'... 0 ~.,.,,'" ~ o... 'g~ 0... ~ o :~,,;'" :~ " 'C'" :' '" '" "0 =", 0 ", "0 : :~ " " :~ ;g. ~!' ~::s '" : '" ---,., CtS. CtS. CtS. OZS. CtS. Cis. o.s. Cta. '''r' 1:1: c: 1:1: c: c: 1:1: 0'" O' Ol":l ~... "". "". ~ g..... COUll'rRIE8 OK PUC1I:8 OJ'D1I:8TINAT'ON. : '" -0 " ~..- lnter-i.land (a) e United State.... (b) e Australia. New Zealand. Fiji. Samoa. via New Zealand-direct mall...(e/ e All countries in the Universal Posta Union, via United State.. (See list on next page)... e Africa, west coast of, except Liberia~ and British, French, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies; Ascension, Cape of Good Hope, }[orocco" except s~nlsh ~o.s"ssions on west coast; atal- rltish mall... e 6 e Bolivia, Chili-British mail. via Colon.. e. 6 e British Cohunbia., Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, PrinceEdward'. Island... e 6 e Cbina, Japan, Tahiti, Samoa and islands of tbe Pacific other than Fiji-by vessel direct e Colombia, United States, of, Costa Rica (western ports of), Greytown, Hayti, Nicaragua (western ports). Panama, Navassa, We.t IndIes. except Babamas and those embraced In the Po.tal Union... e 6 c 5 1 ea.pa (losta Rica (eastern portions of). Greytown, Nicaragua~eaf!,tern porta of), Santa Martha- ritish mall, via Colon... e 6 e Guatemala-by direct United States mail... ~... Madagascar. other than St. Mary'.- e 6 e 10 1 ca.pa British mail... Madagascar, other than St. Mary's- e 6 e French mall... Para~uay. via U. S. Brazil and Buenos e 6 e Ayres... Patagonia-via Briti.h maii... 6 etl Siam-via direct mail via San Fran- c 6 e cisco... Siam-via British mail via Brindl.i... e 6 e 10 1 ca.pa St. Bartholomew, St. Domingo, via. St. c 6 e Thoma... St. Lucie (W. I.)-French mail...(d) e 6 e Turk'. Island, West Indie., except c tl those embraced in the Postal Un ion. via St. Thoma... c ea.pa EXPLANATIoN.-Lel.ters e and 0 denote compulsory and optional payment. NO'n a. Island rate for registerinf( letter. i. 15 cents. Island rate on papers Is 1 cent on each 4 ounce. or part. (See selections Po.tal Act, precedlnl[ thl. table). NOTE b. Ilawl\olian rate fllt re~i.trl\tion i. 15 cent. i Uqited S\!\te. rate, to cellts. Tp.lI ~

36 Countries and Colonies of the Universal Postal Union other than the United States. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. bier, Touboual, and Tuamotou (Low AUSTBIA-HuNGARY, including the Prine! Islands). palityof Lichtenstein. GERMANY, including the, Island of Heligoland. BAHAMAS. BELGIUMe GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Including BEiulUDAS. Gibraltar, Malta, the dependencies of BRAZIL. Malta «Jozzo, Comino, and Cominotto), BRITISH COLONIES on West Coast of Africa and the Island of Cyprus. (Gold Coast, Lagos, Senegambia, and GREECE, including the Ionian Isle~. Sierra Leone). " GREENLAND. BRrrISH COLONIES IN 'VEST INDIES, viz.: HONDURAS, Republic of, including 'Bay Antigua, Dominic3,,Montserrat, Nevis, Island. St. Chr18topher, and the Virgin Isles. HONG KONG and the postollices maintained BRITISH GUIANA. by Hong Kong at Kiung-Chow, Canton, BRITISH HONDURAS. Swatow, Amoy, Foo-chow, Ning-po..BI'IITISH INDIA: Hindostan and British Bur mah (Aracan, Pegu, and Tenasserim), and the Indian Postal Establishments of Aden, Muscat, Persian Gulf, Guadur;.and :Mandalay. BULGARIA, Principality of. CANADA. CEYLON. :DANISH COLONIES of' St. Thomas, St. Croix, and St. John. ' DENMARK, including Iceland and the Faroe Islands. ECUADOR. EGYPT, including Nubia and Soodan. FALKLAND ISLANDS. FRANCE, including Algeria, the Principality of Monaco, and l<'reneh postollice estab, ments at' Tunis, Tangier (Morocco), and at Shanghai (China); Cambodia, and Tonqnin. FRENCH COLONIES-, 1. In Asia: Frcnch establishments in India (Chandernagore, Karikal, Mahe, Pondicherry, and Yauaon), and In Cochin China, (Saigon, Mytho, Bien Hoa, Poulo-Condor, Vingh-Long, Hatien, Tschandok);, ~. In4{rica: Seuegal and dependencies (Goree, St. Louis, Bakel, Dagana), }fayotte and Nossi-be, Gaboon (including Grand Bassam and Assinie), RenUlon (Bourbon), Ste. Marie de Mada- 28 Hawaiian Government have no postal treaty covering registered matter (except with New Sontu Wales); but by courtesy of tbe Postmaster at the San Francisco ollice, all registered matter scnt bim is re-registered to its destination; but no registration is obtained on matter coming from the UUlted States. (See extract from United States Postal law.) "Letters, newspapers. aud printed matter of every kind are exchangeable. Ou newspapers received 'in the United States from Hawaii the established rates of the United States domestic postage are chargeable. Articles of printed matter, except newspapers, are liable, on delivery in the United States, to postae:e at the rate of 4 cents for each 4 ounces or fraction thereof. Tile domestic postage rates of the Hawaiian Kingdom are chargeable upon all correspondence, exce~t letters. received there from tbe United States. To regular subscribers in the Hawaiian Kingdom newspapers published in the United States, and other periodical publications wbich arc second-class matter in domestic mails, may be sent at domestic rates. Registration i. not permissible, and samples cannot be seut." NOTE c. Registration fee, 15 cents; rate on papers, 2 cents each; and on third-class matter, 4 cents per 4 ounces or part. NOTE d; Letters only to de.tin~t1on. '.3. g'i~~merlca: French,'Guiana, Guada IOllp'e and dependencies (Desirade or Deseada, Les Saintes, Marie Galante, and the north portion of St. Martin), Martinique, St. Pierre, and }fiqnelon. of. In Oceanica: New Caledonia, Tahiti,, Marque,as Islands, Isle of Pines, J,oyalty Islands, the Archipelago of UIlIn-, Shal~hai, and Hankow (China), and Hai-IUll17 and Hanoi (Tonquin). ITALY, incruding the Republic of San }farlno, and the Italian offices of Tunis and TripoJiiu Barbary.. JAMAICA. JAPAN and Japanese postollices at Shang' hai, Chee-foo, (;hin-kiang, Hankow, Ning-po, Foo-chow, New-cnwnng, Kiu kiang, and Tien-tsln (China), and at Fusam-po (Corea). LABUAN. LIBERIA. LUXEMBURG. MAURITIUS and dependencies (the AmIrante Islands, the Seychelles and Rodrigues). }frxico. MONTENEGRO. NETHERLANDS. NETHERLAND COLONIES- 1. In Ada: Borneo, Sumatra, Java (Ba' tavia), Billiton, Celebes (}lacassar), Madura, the Archipelagoes of Banca and Rhia (Riouw), Bali, Lombok, Sum 'nawa, Flore., the S. W. portion of Timor, and the }loluecas. 2. In Oceanica: The N. W. portion of New Guinea (Papua). 3. In America: Netherland Guiana (Surinam), Curacoa, Aruba, Bonaire, part of St. Martin, St. Eustatius, and Saba. NEWFOUNDLAND. NORWAY PERSIA. PERU. PORTUGAL, including the ieland of Madeira and the Azores. PORTUGUESE COL')NIES- 1. In Asia: Goa, Damno, Diu, Macao, and part of Timor. ~. In.ynca: Cape, Verde, Cacheo, Bie-

37 , 29 ~ao, Islands of St. Thome and Prince's, Ajuda, :Mozambique, and the province of Angola. REPUBLIC OF DOMINICA.. ROUMANIA (Moldavia and WalJachla). RUSSIA, including the Grand Ducby of Fin-, land. SALVADOR.. SERVIA. SPAIN, including the.balearic Isles, the Canary hlauas, the Spanish poss~s.ions ou the north coast of Africa (Ceute, Penon de la Gomera, Alhucema., :Melilla, lind the Chatfarrne Islllnds), the Republic of Andorra, lind the postal establishments of Spain on the west coast of Morocco (Tangier, Tetuan, Larrache, Rabat, Mazagan, Casablanca, Salli, and Mogadore). SPANISH COLONIES- 1;. In Africa: blands' of Fernando Po, Annobon, and Cori~co. 2. In America: Cuba and Porto Rico. 3. In Oceanica: The Archipelagoes of the Mariana (Ladrone), and' the Caro' line Islands.. 4. In Asia: The Philippine Archipelago (Luzon with 1>Ianilla, 1>lindanao, Palawan, Pansy, Amar, etc). STRAITS SETTLEMENi'S (Singapore, Penang, and Malacca). SWEDEN. SWIT7.ERLAND. TRINIDAD, 'V. I. TURKEY (European and Asiatic). URUGUAY., VENEZUELA. COMPARATIVE TABLE OF THE SCHOOL POPWLATION. (From Board of Education Report to Legislature, 1880.) CENSUS, DEC IN SCHOOLS JAN. 1, IN SCHOOLS JAN. I, 1880 ISLAND. BOYS. GIRLS. TOTAL. BOYS. GIRLS. TOTAI~. BOYS. GIRLS. TOTAL Hawaii... 1,385 1,167 2,555 ], ,144 1, ,221 Maui... 1, , , ,581 l\iolokai Lanai Oahu... 1,606 1,387 2,993 ],382 ],120 2,502 1,374 1,]57 2,531 KauaL i Niihau Totals... 4,761 3,897 8,658 3,991 3,000 6,991 4,048 3,116 7,]64 NOTES ON SCHOOL S'rATISTICs.-The number of schools of all classes in the Kingdom on the 1st of January, 1880, was 210, with an attendance of 7,164 pupils. The number of pupils reported in 18i8 was 6,991; showing an increase of 1i3 during the past two years. 'fhe tables show an excess of 932 boys over girls, or 5i per cent. of boys and 43 per cent. of girls in the whole school population. There has been a little decrease in the excess of boys since 18i8. In nationality the perc.entage of pupils is nearly as follows: Hawaiians 79 per cent.; half-caste HawaiIans, 13 per cent.; all other nationa i ities, 8 per cent.. The enumeration' of children of legal school age, by the Census taken in December, 18i8, indicates 1,494 children, or nearly 18 per cent. of the census school population, not represented in any of the schools of the Kingdom. After making liberal deductions for the foreign children whose parents prefer to educate them at home, and the children living in sparsely-settled districts where there are no schools, and those who from bodily infirmity are unable to attend school, there still remains about 10 per cent. of the census school population who are absentees from school. A large portion of this deficiency in the school-going population is doubtless among the children of the Chinese included in the census, and Hawaiian children between the ages of twelve and fifteen years; these being the classes often drawn off to the industrial pursuits of the Kingdom.

38 30 REGULATIONS FOR CARRIAGES, AND RATES OF FARE. 1. Every licensed carriage, dray orvehicle must be numbered, and this numbermust be placed on a conspicuous part of the carriage, dray or vehicle. 2. Every licensed carriage running at night must exhibit two lights and the number of such carriage plainly shown on the glass of each lantern. 3. Drivers of licensed carriages must obey the orders of the police. 4. No licensed carriage will be allowed to stand on the makai side of Queen street near the Fish Market, and no two or more carriages will be allowed to stand abreast on any street. 5. On all stands set apart for licensed carriages the horses must be headed to the eastward. 6. No licensed horse and carriage must be left without a proper attendant, or properly secured. 7. No licensed carriage will be allowed to be left on the street over night. S.-STANDS SET APART FOR LICENSED CARRIAGES. Makai side of Queen street, from east corner of Fort street. Makai side of Queen street, from east corner of Nuuanu street. Mauka side of Merchant street,from east corner of Bethel street. Makai side of King street, from west corner of Bethel street; Makai side of Hotel street, from east corner of Fort street. Makai side of Beretania street, from east corner of Nuuanu street. Mauka side of Hotel street, from east corner of Nuuanu street. Ml}kai side of King street, from east corner of Richards street. Makai side of Hotel street, opposite to entrance of Hawaiian Hotel. 9. No more than twelve carriages will be allowed on anyone stand at anyone time. RATES OF FARE. 10. To or from any point between Beretania street and the harbor, and between Punchbowl street and the river] for each person 12i cents. 11. To or from any point between second oridge, Nuuanu Road, and the harbor, and between the" 'Vhat Cheer House," on thc Ewa Road, and the corner of King street and.the 'Vaikiki Road-not conflicting with rule 1Q--for each person 25 cents. 12. Outside these limits, not exceeding two miles from the starting point, for each person 50 cents. 13. From any steamer or packet, to any point within the second named limits, for each person 25 cents. 14. Children three years old or under, no charge i over three years old and not more than ten years old, two for one fare. 15. When hired by the hour :-'- For one passenger for one hour $l 00 For two passengers for one hour, : For three passengers for one hour ; 2 00 For each additional hour, for each passenger Time to be counted from the time of starting to time dismissed. 17. No extra charge shall be made to any passenger for the ordinary hand baggage.. IS. For any other than ordinary hand baggage-each trunk or box, 25 cents. 19. Tickets issued by any licensee of any carriage to represent coin, will be held as good to the amountthey represent in any other licensed

39 31 carriage, and rriust'be redeemedwhen presented to the person issuing them. (See note.) 20. No driver is compelled to take a single fare for the Pali or the Park, except by special bargain. When two orm9re offer, the regular fare must be accepted Every driver of a licensed carriage shall, upon demand of any person desiring to hire his carriage, exhibit a card of rates ouare.. If any driver of a licensed vehicle shall contravene any of the foregoing regulations, the license of such vehicle.may be revoked by the Minister of the Interior..: '. NEW REGULATION.-Sept. 23d, No horse attached to any licensed wagon, cart or dray for the transportation of freight, shall, within the circuit of one mile from the Honolulu Post Office, be driven faster than a walk.. NOTE.-For publi~ convenien~ethe Interior D~partment issues tickets (which are redeemable at any time) at the rates of 12~ and 25 cents, which are cnrrent with all drivers. Refusal to receive any such fare tendered, renders the driver liable uf.c>n complaint to lose his license. All.complaints shonld be. made at the Policl' Station, giving the number of the vehicle. ' '." LATITUDES AND LONGITuDES, AS' ADOPTED BY THE HA W AllAN GOVERNMENT SURVEY. (CORRECTED FDR THIS ISSUE BY PROI!'. W. D. ALEXANDER.) LATITUDES. LONGITVDES., ',, Deg. Min. ~ Deg. Min. Honolulu, Transit of Venus Observatory, as determined by Capt: Tupma!l Honolulu Light House :: Diamond Head Summit ~ Tantalus, or Puu Ohia 21 l!l Makapuu Station (E. point of Oahu) Mokapu Station, Kaneohe KaJluku Point (N. E. point of Oahu) Barber's Point, Laeloa ; l>u?-loa (wind~ili) ~ 21 ]9 11.7! ]57 58 Lale POInt 21 38,40.65 ]57 55 Kaena Point (N. W. point of Oahu) ; ]3.] Haleakala, Station on Summit ]5 Lahaina Court House ]56 40 Kauiki Point ~E. ~oint of Maui) Puu O1ai, or 'MIller's HilI" (south of Makena);.;' ]56 27 Halawa (E. end of Molokai) ' Kahoolawe Summit Kawaihae Light House, approx :. 20 ': 02 ]2;5 ]55 50 MaunaKea, StationonSummit (approx) ]9 49] Halai Station, back of Hilo ; Sec. 48 ] THE ALllrIANAC Aim ANNUAL Is made up to Noyember, to I:>e i&sued in time for the December mails. All articles, advertisements, or orders for eoming editions should be sent to the publisher by October.

40 .ALGJE OF 'l'hehaw AIIA.N ISLANDS. BY 1. lii. CHAlllBlIillLAnr. Seaweed, or as the Hawaiians call it, Limu,. abounds here. It is mostly of medium size. No varieties are gigantic. Some are woody. A great number need to be pressed' immediately to preserve them, while many so prepared cannot be Identified, as they must be exam- Ined with a microscope while freshly gathered.. 'Vaialua, Kailua, Waikiki, on Oahu; Kalaupapa, Kaluaaha, on Molokai; Kahului on Maui; Kahalepalaoa on Lanai; Hilo and Kawaihae on Hawaii; Hanalei and Waimea on Kauai, and the Island of Niihau, have beaches favorable for stranded limu. Yet stranded seaweed varies with every tide, and satisfactory work can only be done by watching for smooth low water, to go out on the reefs and wade on the rocks. From Andrew's Hawaiian DIctionary, and other sources, the follow Ing native names of Algre are gathered, forming a part of the whole. The names vary on different Islands. The kinds of Algre are not equally or similarly distributed. Very few of the young natives are. acquainted with more than a small stretch of sea coast. Indeed, only the older women have any comprehensive knowledge of limu. The men regard its collection and preparation for food as rather beneath their dignity... Limu alaalanla, anpnpu, akiaki, akinla, alani, ehau,. ekahakaha, iliohaa, oohiea, ohiohio, oknpe, opal, oapi\ka, uaualoli, ulaula, hinanla, holomoku, hnahnakai, hnlnilio, huna, hune hunehuoe, Limu kahakala, kala, kalalanliilii, kalalaunninui, knmnlimukala, kele, kiki, koeleele, koiale, koko, koloa, lipahapals, lipaka1, lipalao, lipalawai, lipehn, lipoa, knmnlipoa, lipnpn, lipewale, lipnnla, Limn lipnnpnn, limnloloa, Inpe, mananwea, makaloa, maneoueo, nanoo, nanne, paakaiea, paakai, [hale, pahapaha 0 poll pahapaha, pakeleawaa, palahalaha, palawai, pepeiao, pe~nln, pe n t pnplljl:ane1'1' 10, pipilani, wawahiwaa. The collection of Hawaiian Algre was undertaken at the desire (as reported) of' Dr~ Asa Gray, the distinguished American botanist, because the field was said to be new and then unexplored. The collector had no knowledge of the science, and is under obligations to Prof. W. G. Farlow, of Harvard University, and Prof. Daniel C. Eaton, of Yale College, for the identification of the following catalo~ue.... Many specimens' are not yet identified, and the list of Hawaiian Algre may reach two hundred or more varieties when accurately and

41 33 absolutely complete. 'We only report progress and leave to some successor to report again and in full..'>- :'"' Actinotricbia rigida, Ahufeltia polyides (Areschon.g), concivina, Amansia glomerata, Ascothamnion intricatum, Asparogopsis Sanfordiana, Asperococcus sinuosus, ramorissimua (Ag.), Bryopsis plumosa, Caulerpa clavifcra, Caulerpo taxifolia, aaplcniadcb, chemnitzii, Ceramium (manyvar.undetermined), Centrocerus clavulatum, Chcetomorpha elevata, Chondria Baileyana (Haw.), tenuissima, Chryrimenia uvaria, Chuoosphora fastigata (Ag.), Chondrus affinia (Halc.), Cladhymenia, Cladophora fusca (Martens), composita (II.), Chylocladia rigens, Champia parvula, Codium tomentosum, Dasya mollis (Hm'vey), Pacifica (Ha, v.). villosa, Delessira quercifolia, Derberia marina, Desmia ambigua, Dictyosphreria favulosa (Decalone), Dictyota Bartaryesiana, denticulata, cronulata, Sandvicensis, dichotoma, obtusangula (Hal'v.), Ectocarpus siliculosus, Entromorpha compressa, Galaxaura marginata (Lam.), Gelidium intricatum, cartilaginum, corneum, sesquipedale, amaresii, rigidum, felicinum (Bory.), radicans, Gigartina f1abellata (Ag.), Griffithoia, Grucilaria confervoides (Ag.)( coronopifolia (Ag.), enchenmoides (Ha,.,).) 5 Gratelonpia filicina, dichotoma, Bypnea nidifica (Ag.), pannosa (Aq.), divaricata (Ag.), corinta, Hydroclat?-rus cancellatus (!Jory.), Hallymenia formosa (Harv.), Hallyseris plagiogramma (Mont.), Australis, Halimeda tuna, Jania cuvieri, Kallymenia, Laurenti<l paniculata, perforata, obtusa, virgata, nidifica,. Liagora Cheyneana (Hm'c.), leprosa (Ag.), fragilis (Zrllladini), Lyngbya semiplena, Martensia denticulat'l, flabelliformis (Harc.), Neomeris dumetosa, Nitophylum, Notheia anomala, Nostoc commune, Polyriphonia (Ag.), mollis (H.-and H.), Phyllitis Fascia, Polyzonia jungermannioides, Plocamium Chamberlainii,. abnornre, Potamogeton, Padina pavonia, Rhodymenia, Sargassum polyphyllum, echinocarpum, c:r.mosum, SCinaia momliformis (Farlow),. Suhria pristeides, Spiridia spinella, filamentosa, Scytosephon conentarius. Taonia Bolierii, TOE-moma perpusillum, DIva latissima, Valonia mgagrophila, confervoides ([{m'v.), macrophysa (Kiitznlg), Forbesii (Hat v.), Vanvoorstia coccinea ~Harv.), Vidalia obturiloba, Wran~eliapcncillata (Ag.), Zonona.

42 34 REMINISCENCES OF THEATRICALS IN HONOLULU. BY H. L. S. U BOLDLY I dare eay, There has been more b:r us in some oue play Laugh'd into wit and virtue, than hath been By twenty tedious lectures drawn from sin And foppish humors: heuce the cause doth rise. Men are not won by the ears so well as eyes.". -Randolph's.Muse's Looking Glass. Previous to the year 1847 there had never been a regular theater in Honolulu. The nearest approach to a public show was an occasional wandering sleight-of-hand performer. I remember one who gave several exhibitions in the Summer of 1846, in an "adobie" building that stood on the corner of Bethel and King streets. His show was supplemented by the doings of a "strong man"-a sailor from an American whaleship in port, who performed the wonderful feat of allowing a large "adobie" to be broken on his breast with a sledgehammer. But in the summer of 1847 a Yankee schoolmaster who lutd wandered into the Pacific in a whaler,and who had in his possession some volumes of the British Drama, persuaded some of the young mechanics and others to form themselves into a company for the purpose of presenting farces and light plays. At first the Object was merely our own amusement and perhaps improvement. SOCIety in this city thirty or more years ago was very thin and very exclusive. Mr. --, the schoolmaster of whom I have spoken (we nicknamed him "Mnemonics," from his pretending to teach the art of memory), undertook to teach us elocution and stage action, but the pupils soon outstripped the teacher. Mr. Charles..w. Vincent, the house-builder,. in whose employ were several of the company of nascent actors, after seeing some of the performances in private, took a strong and active interest in the enterprise. He leased a good-sized "adobie" building that stood on the southwest corner of Maunakea and King streets, and fitted it up at a considerab~e expense with stage, boxes and pit, and named it "The Thespian." This was opened on Saturday evening, September 11th, E. D. Byrne, a printer in the Polynesian office, wrote a Prize Address for the occasion, which was delivered by Mr. Vincent. The plnys presented were the melo-drama of "The Adopted Child," and the farce of "Fortune's Frolic." The prices of admission were $1 for the boxes and fifty cents in the pit. The two front box rows were reserved for the ladies. Of those who performed the various parts in this initiation of the drama in Hawaii nei, some are long since dead, some are in for~ eign lands, and but two or three remain here. I will enumerate firs ' those who have gone to join"the great majority on the other side": C...w. Vincent (Tokely), F. W. Thompson (Maddocks), Henry Sea (La Mer), Mr. Chapman (Blomanozoff), H. Macfarlane (Wallack),.John Mitchell (]',Hss Logan). M. R. Harvey (Reddington), J. S. Townsend, and H. L. Sheldon (Quick) are the only members of the original company now alive, so far as I am aware. The Polynesian of September 18th (James Jackson Jarvis, editor) thus notices the opening night:.. "'fhe Thespian commenced its first season in Honolulu on Saturday evening the 11th, according to the 'announcement of the bills. As this is the first attempt at the establishment of a regular theater at HonolulU, our readers may like'to know something about it. The house, which has been fitted up by the enterprise of a few foreign residents, is on Maunakea street, and can seat seventy-five in the boxes

43 35 and two hundred in the pit. The box gallery is neatly fitted up with! cushioned seats in slips, and has a separate entrance. The seats in the pit are plain but comfortable. A private box z curtained in, on the right just over the stage, is for the use of the Kmg when he pleases toattend. '1'he scenery is painted by a very good artist in his hne. The drop-scene, representing the Palace (by Wydler), elicited encomiums< from all. The whole fitting up is in good taste, and considering the limited amount of money which prudence dictated to be expended on, for Honolnlu, so novel an undertaking, the general appearance of the theater with the accommodations for spectators must be pronounced as creditable to the taste and enterprise of the originators. The house was crowded to overflowing before the hour for opening. The King [Kamehameha HL], accompanied by the Premier [John Young, uncle of thej!resent Queen Dowager Emma] and the Minister for Foreign Affa.irs LR. C. Wyllie], arrived soon after 7~ o'clock, and was received with protracted cheering, the orchestra [" Black George" Hyatt with his clarionet and Indian Oliver with his trombonej playing "God save the King." * lit -:I' It proved rather a difficult matter to turn rough manhood into the delicate and rounded contour of sweet female sixteen, especially with no assistance from the right source at the wardrobe; but the male actors in petticoats, if they left 110 room for the sex they imitated to envy their grace and loveliness, certainly got through their parts to the great amusement and satisfaction of the audience, who were all, we believ!', much gratified with the good order and excellent humor preserved throughout. We must confess that we have never seen so many individuals collected together before in Honolulu who all appeared in so excellent humor with themselves and all around them. The two front box seats were reserved for the ladies." The following Saturday evening the Thespian was again crowded, the play being "The Poor Soldier." Mr. Theodore Shillaber, then a wealthy merchant of Honolulu in the China trade, but now of California, volunteered to act as prompter on that occasion, and quite forgetful of the diminutive size of the building and the proximity of the stage to the audience, he roared out the entrances of the different characters and their cues so as to be heard all over the house, much to the amusement of the pit and boxes and the disgust of the players. \Vith occasional interruptions of a month or so, performances were given weekly at the Thespian during the Fall and Winter, the company continning to give great satisfaction, according to the Polynesian. A temperance society was organized among the company, and drew to it large numbers of the foreign residents. It had the somewhat high-sounding title of the "Mechanics' \Vashingtonian Total Abstinence Society," and held its weekly meetings in the pit of the Thespian, the officers and speakers occupying the stage. Judge W. L. Lee gave an address on one occasion, as did the Rev. Dr. Damon and others.. '1'he interest in theatricals had become so strong in the community, that on November 6th an advertisement appeared in the Polynesian, by a "Committee of Arrangements," asking for proposals for a plan for a theater to be erected large enough to accommodate five hundred spectators. From January, 1848, the Thespian was no more heard of._ Sic tra'fl.~it.. On the 18th of March, 1848, it was announced that the stock of thenew theater was all taken up. The officers of the Association were:: Theodore Shillaber; President; \Villiam Paty, Treasurer; C. G. Hop.. kins, Secretary; E. A. Sauerkrop, F. 'V. Thompson, H. Sea and C. \y. Vincent, Managers. The ground on which stands the Ro~'al

44 36 Hawaiian Theaterwas purchased by the stockholders, and the building was at once commenced. On th~ 17th of June, 1848, the theater was opened to a full house. Mr. VincentI as manager, delivered the opening address, written for the occasion oy the late John G. l\i[unn. But 1848 was the year of the discovery of gold in California, and t4e fever raged high in Honolulu in the Fall of that year. In an issue of the Polynesian in September there were no less than forty-five notices of intention of departure from the Kingdom, and on the 29th of January there were thirty. Under the statute laws of , nobody could leave the Kingdom without giving such public notice or procuring a passport from the Foreign Office. 'fhe foreign population of Honolulu became so spar~e under the effects of the gold fever that the first season of the new theater was but a short one. It was re-opened on October 14th, and again closed after a short season, when the whalers left. In the FaIl season in those years the harbor had frequently as high as one hundred and fifty vessels in port at one tiine. On January 17th, 1849, the theater was re-opened to an overflowing house, with the Highland Fling, by WaIlack (H. Macfarlane), and the play "She Stoops to Conquer," in which La Mer (H. Sea) and Mrs.,Bland (C. G. Hopkins) were much applauded. This season was but a short one. It was early in 1849 that a negro minstrel company, en route from Boston to California in a sailing vessel, performed for a. couple of weeks in a wooden building on King stl"eet, near Richard, afterwards occupied by the late Zenas Bent as a carpenter's shop. 'The tenor of the company was named Cushing, hailed from Newburyport, and claimed to be related to the celebrated politician and lawyer, Caleb Cushing. September 22d, 1849, the Royal Hawaiian was re-opened by Sea. & Hopkins, lessees; J. S. Townsend, manager; the latter delivering an opening address written by J. G. Munn. There were songs, a hornpipe, and the play of "High Life Below Rtairs," in which some of the old 'Thespians took part, including La Mer and Mrs. Bland. During the Summer of 1853 a new theater, called the" Varieties," a. big sheil of a wooden structure, was built on King street, on the site now occupied by mechanics' shops. Mr. Foley, formerly in the circus business, was the nominal, if not the actual, proprietor. It opened September 12th, 1853, and had a very good run. In December of that year Mr. J. H. Brown, while playing in this theater, met with an accident, having by a slip of a dagger, inflicted quite a severe wound upon himself. The then weil-known tragedian, 'Valler, and his wife played an engagement at the "Varieties," of three months, and attracted fuil houses, during the Spring and Summer of On the night of the 6th of July, 1855, the history of this house was brought to a close by its being burned to the ground. It was never known how the fire originated. The next in the history of theaters was Buffum's HaIl, originally built for the Good Templars by Dr. Buffum (Who has since died insane in California). After the Good Templars left the hail, in it was used first as a place of entertainment by the late 'Valter Montgomery, foliowed by the parlor concerts of the Carandinis; and afterwards fitted up and opened as a theater by Leroy and Madame Duret. It never was a success as a place of popular resort. In the way of circuses, we have also had a full share..the first on record was Howe's" Olympic," which arrived in December, 18.50, with nine well-trained hor.8es and opened in the then vacant lot opposite the Commercial Hotel. The same year a circus company was organized in Honolulu, by :Messrs. Groom & 'Vescott, with the late 'V. P.

45 37 Ragsdale and one Billings as riders. They erected their tent on Nuu anu Avenue on the Risely premises, corner of Nuuanu Street and Kukui Place, and were having crowded houses when Rowe came along with his" Olympic," and the domestic speculation came to an end. Foley, who afterwards ran the "Varieties" rfhealer, came with a circus company in 1&52. In the Fall of 1855, Long (the clown), in company with Raphael,,were running a circus on the lot on King street in the rear of a saloon known as "'fhe Fore-top;" and at the same time Lee & Marshall's large and well-appointed com.l?any (Ned Austin as clown and Mrs. Austin as tight-rope performer), together with a full band of music, were doing a large business opposite the Commercial Hotel, at the corner of Nuuanu and Beretania streets. In November, 1856, Rowe & Co., located at the same place, and afterwards removed to the lot now occupied by the English Church, near Emma. Square... In the Fall of 1859, 'Vilson's show and menagerie exhibited on the Esplanade, with Omar Kingsley, the great rider. In December, same year, Lee's National Circus. December, 1860, Dan Rice's show and circus-among the former an elephant, and among the latter Mr. and Mrs. Long, George Peoples and the giant; Mr. Goshen Wilson,. manager. In 1869 Lee was here again with a circus; and in 1871, 'Vilson, with Omar Kingsley, again-and left for San Diego in a chartered brig. Since then,,'e have had Charles Derby's Royal Hawaiian Circus in 1877; and Luproil's Hawaiian Circus in Am:ong professional celebrities that have visited Honolulu, we may mention: Stephen C. Massett, 1850, and again in 1878; Kate Hayes, in 1855, gave three concerts in the Court House, tickets $3 each; Lola Montez 1856 but did not perform; Edwin Booth played a short season in the Royai Hawaiian in 1852; Professor Anderson, 1869; Madame Anna Bishop, concerts in Kaumakapili, 1857 and 1868; Charles Backus, Joe Murphy; Charles Matthews, 1874; Madame Ristori, but did not _perform; Signor and Madame Bianci, in opera; Madame Agatha States, in opera; the Carandinis; Walter Montgomery; Professor Hazelmeyer and Madame Cora, in magic; and Ilma di J\Iurska-the last gave a concert in Kawaiahao Church to a crowded audience; Herr Bandman; and last, but not least, our Island nightingale, Miss Annis Montague, with Charles Turner, in concerts at Kawaiahao, Besides these, we have had lots of the smaller sort of performersminstrel companies in profusion; bell-ringers; glass-blowers; the living skeleton; ventriloquists; wizards and sleight-of-hand men; musicians; Japanese jugglers' panoramas; lecturers; readers, and almost!' every other species of exhibition. 80 that professional showmen and members of the,. sock and busldn" fraterlllty who propose coming to Honolulu, will understand that our people, having seen some of the best, will not abide anything that is not, to say the least, very good. The establishment and maintenance of a line of mail steamers between California and the British Colonies of Australia, and the trans-continental railway, have. so facilitated travel between "the ends of the earth," that Honolulu, as a port of call on both the outward and homeward voyages, with -its manifold attractions of climate and scenery, is more than ever liable to the visits of theatrical stars, as well as a good many of the lesser luminaries. For several years past the desirability of having a new, commodious and wellventilated public hall for theatricals, concerts, lectures, and public meetings, had been frequently discussed in the press and in private circles, more particularly in view of theincreasing foreign population

46 38 of the city and its decidedly cosmopolitan character. But large bodies move slowly, and it is somewhat proverbial that entire unanimity ie not to be had in this community on any proposition. Meantime the Chinese, who compose a large proportion of the foreign population of the city, during the Summer of 1879 erected a wooden theater on the Esplanade and opened with a company of performers from California, in the month of September. They had crowded houses for a short time,. of both Celestials and "outside. barbarians" but of course their tragedies, comedies and operas were unintelligible to the latter, although their tumbling was good. After going on for about a year, the hideous din of their orchestra was heard no more, and the establishment, having become a den of opiumsmokers, was raided by the police, and so exit the Chinese Theater. On the 1st of March, 1880, the much-talked-of public hall enterprise culminated at length in an organization under the title of "The Musical Hall Association of Honolulu," which was duly incorporated under the law, with a capital stock of $25,00G-five hundred shares of fifty dollars each. This was subscribed in a short time, and the corporation chose the following officers to serve'one year, or until their successors shall be elected: Samuel G. '.vilder, President; H. A. 'Yidemann,'Vice-President; J. A. Hassinger, Secretary; A.1\!c'Wayne, Treasurer. Trustees (also to serve one year, or until their successors are elected): Samuel G. 'Yilder, H. A. 'Videmann, Edward Preston, A. 1\!c'Wayne, A. S. Cleghorn, J. H. Paty, J. A. Hassinger, A. J. Cartwright, 'Vm. G. Irwin. A very eligible lot,,'as secured for the proposed structure, at the junction of Merchant and King streets, nearly opposite the new palaqe, and separated by a carriageway from the Government House premises. Ground was broken on the 20th of July, and the work was pushed forward by the Building Committee, Messrs. 'Wilder, Cleghorn and Mc'Wayne, with all possible dispatch, and at the present writing (December) is nearly completed and ready for occupaney. 'fhe building, which is of brick, is 120 feet by 60 feet on the ground floor, and the walls are 40 feet high and 20 inches in thickness at the base and 12 inches at the eaves. The front door is 10 feet in width, opening by four steps into a vestibule 16 by 27 feet, on the right of which is the ticket office and on,the left stairs leading to the family circle, which will comfortably seat 154 persons. Beyond this is the dress circle, with seats for 214; and thence on a gradual descent, is the parquette, 120 seats. The entrance to the gallery (183 seats) is on the north side of the building. Thus the house will comfortably seat 671 persons. 'Ye say comfortably-because ample room has bcen afforded for sitters (three feet six inches between each), and the parquette and dress circle are provided with opera chairs. There are two larg!j exits on the lower floor of the house, besides the main one in front, and a large one for the upper portion of the house-wise provisions in view of the possibilities of a fire. Ventilation, so necessary in any climate, but imperative here, has been amply provided for. '{'his is secured by means of 16 feet domes, one in the center of the auditorium and one back of the gallery; besides.which cool air is admitted through iron ~ratings beneath each window and by the perforated cornices. There IS a retiring room in each corner of the dress circle. On the proscenium are two private boxes, one especially reserved and fitted up for the King and Royal Family. The stage IS 40 feet deep, and is provided with a full set of scenery, traps, and all the neces!:lary paraphernalia, the scenery being painted by Mr. 'V. T. Porter, a first-class American artist in that line, and the stage fittings in charge of :Mr. Stephen Gulliver, who has had forty years' experience. The par-

47 39 quette, in connection with the stage, can be turned into a ball room 80 feet deep. Beneath the stage is the green-room (easily turned int~ It supper room on occasion), 32 by 42 feet, with six dressing rooms three on each side, besides toilet rooms and water-closets. The whol~ is well lighted with gas.. The "Musical Hall" of Honolulu is a tangible proof of the enterprise and public spirit of our citizens, is an ornament and an honor to' the city, and in the perfection and the completeness of the details' reflects great credit on the ability and the industry of the gentlemen composing the Building Committee. GAME LAWS AND GAME OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS., PREPARED FOR THE HAWAUAN ALlllANAC AND ANNUAL. As the game laws of this country are but little understood, even by many of our own residents, and as strangers, having a few days to spend in town, wishing to enjoy a little"sport," are liable by a transgression of the same to be placed in an awkward situation, it is deemed proper that a portion of our space should be devoted to an epitome of the laws as they now stand; and as intimately connected therewith, a few remarks upon the game which the country affords may be considered quite appropriate.. Persons wishing to shoot game within the Kona district) are required by law to pay a license of five dollars per annum; ana such as are' found violating the law, are lia.ble to a fine of fifty dollars for each offense. The Kona district includes Honolulu Town, and is bounded by Moanalua, Maunalua, and the mountains between, which bisect the Island at this, its southeasterly portion. 'l'he law applies no farther, and no license is required to carry fire-arms for sporting ~urposes in'any uther part of the Kingdom. This license, however, gives no privilege to shoot game that is otherwise tabu, as has been erro neously supposed by sorile. The birds which the law protects are: All insectivorous birds of foreign importation; the" kolea, or ploverj" the "long-legged, or stilt plover" (kukuluaio); and the "lesser pied plover, or akeke." Foreign-imported birds (insectivorous) are protected by a fine, of ten dollars to anyone "killing, snaring, or trapping" them,. regardless of time or season; while with the plover and the othermentioned birds, the law is applicable only during a stated portion of the year, extending from the 1st of August to the end of April, the. fine for killing either of which is one dollar. This law, if enforced,.. would virtually amount to a total prohibition against the destrucqon. of these' birds, as during the.time of prohibition there are scarcely any to be found, the entire period being occupied by their migrations; at least this is so of the golden plover and the akeke, or dunlin, the' most numerous and most prized of the family. But the law has so long remained a dead letter, that there are few who are aware even of its existence; and it would be an injustice if, at this period, any prose ' <mtion should be held under it. The law was originally framed under the mistaken supposition that they were effective in checking the periodical inroads of the army worm, which are so destructive to vegetation in general, and pasture in particular... Pigeon shooting, although illegal, owing to their rapid iucre~se"and.

48 40 \ prodigious numbers in certain!jlaces, has long been allowed; and the same remarks as have been made in regard to the shooting of ploverb apply equally here. Of ducks, there are three or four varieties, including teal, which, however, are very rare, the common native wild duck being the most numerous; their habitat is ferny or boggy places, especially such as abound in aquatic plants. But the haunts of this much-prized game are daily being more and more circumscribed by the progressive absorption of our marshes and taro-lands for the purpose of riceculture, a growing industry, with scarcely an exception, entirely in the hands of the Chinese. By the presence of laborers in the fielqs, and the incessant discharges of fire-arms for the purpose of scaring away granivorous birds from the rice, the wild duck is most effectually being driven away from his usual places of resort; especially is this so of Waikild, Manoa, Kalihi, and Ewa, near town; and the sportsman may now look in vain for a brace, where a few years since he might have found them by the dozen.. During the month of August our shores are visited by vast numbers of what are commonly known here as the "nor'west ducks," being common to the waters of more northerly latitudes, and which, after spending their winter here migrate again to the north, their migrations synchronizing with the migrations of the plovers. These birds are. extensively gregarious, and are seldom seen excepting in large flocks often numbering hundreds or even thousands, their usual places of resort being the sea shore-either in the still bays or the large fishponds along the coast. Curlew, although not plentiful, are yet to be found in certain places, and are perhaps more numerous on the Island of l\folokai than elsewhere. Their most common feeding grounds on this Island are the flats between Kalihi and Moanalua, and at Ewa; they are also occasionally to be met with at Koko Head. Coots,or mud-hens, are plentiful in all the mamhes throughout the Islands; but owing to the absence of flavor in their flesh, and the toughness of their tegumentary covering] which requires removal in order to fit them for cooking, they are but little esteemed by the sportsman. Hawaiian geese, birds indigenous and peculiar to this Archipelago, are to be found on the mountains of Hawaii, and are numerous in the vicinity of Mauna Loa. Imported quail have multiplied rapidly on most of the Islands; and on this Island may be found in considerable numbers in the monntains of Waianae, and at Halemanu and 'Vahiawa. Among other imported birds esteemed as game may be mentioned: pheasants and stock-doves, the latter of which make the town echo with their cooing at early morn. The former-mentioned birds are breeding fast on the ranch of H. R. H. Keelikolani, on Mololmi; the1;e are some also at Kahuku and Malaekahana (the property of ].{r. James Campbell), on this Island, and were originally imported by Mr. Moffitt, the former owner of the Kahuku Estate. A. C. S. The article on Marine Disasters at the Hawaiian Islands from the earliest discoveries tothe present time, we are obliged to defer till our next issue.

49 41 VISIT TO THE CRATER OF KILAUEA. A Personal Narrative of a Trip During the Summer of WRITTEN FOR THE ALMANAC AND ANNUAL. It seems of little use to try to describe a trip to the crater of Kilauea, since words fail to express the grandeur of the scene, or its desolate appearance, its fires, the boiling and surging of the molten masses, its intense heat and wonderful powers. Like many others before us, we arrived at Hilo with the intention of visiting the home of the Goddess Pele, and our party of four mounted horses in early morning, starting off from town tn a pouring rain, for the frequency of which that part of the island is noted. After a scramble of eight or nine hours uphill and down dale, over slippery lava flows of known and unknown dates, through splendid tropical fern forests, impenetrable except by trail, we reached the Volcano House at 5.30 P. III., wet through and tired, having stopped only at the half-way house for rest and refreshments. Here we found a courteous host, and a roaring fire in an oldfashioned but very smoky fire-place, around which we ()rowded and steamed away to our hearts' content and bodily comfort.. Before retiring, and after our clothes had ceased to steam, we strolled out on the verandah, and before us and nearly at our feet obtained our first view of the volcanoha scene we never shall forget, with its fires so bright and vivid. W en we first arrived the low-hanging clouds had hidden it but now they had lifted and the darkness of the night brought out t i Ie brilliancy III strong relief, the heavens being lighted as by some vast conflagration. Sometimes it would nearly die out and a moment later flash forth in greater splendor. To the right of' the main illumination were numerous smaller fires, caused by lava flows on the more level portion of the crater, bursting forth with vivid flashes; they would grow dimmer as it cooled off, only to break forth again in some other quarter. Sometimes the regularity of the' lights made it seem as if we were looking down into some large citywith its myriads of street-lamps; then again, it would change seem- ingly into a train of cars, the head-light of the engine being larger and brighter than the smaller lights in the balance of the train. We could, in fact, imagine all manner of things as the forms and brilliancy of the fires changed position and density. The next day was very pleasant. We arose early, feeling muc~ refreshed, ate a good breakfast, and with our guide and sticks set out, for the crater, the brink of which was only fifty or sixty feet from the house, and which, had we known it the night before, might have made us restless; but "where ignorance is bliss," etc. The first view we had of Kilauea in daylight was somewhat strik-; ing. Below us at a depth of six hundred feet was a great black looking field of lava distorted into every conceivable shape, ami: Which might be likened to an ice gorge in the northern rivers, only.. black in color. After making the descent by a steep and zig-zag path, passing themarble cross on the spot where Mr. Houlder died of heart disease in August of 1879-which, by the way, would make one of weak nerves shake somewhat as an introduction to the trip-we reached the lav:a and commenced a two-mile pedestrian tour over loose slag and scoria to the new lake which has been rec!;lntly formed from a small blow- hole. Long before we reached it we could see the smoke and heat rising, and as we approached could feel it also, both with feet and, faces; for the heat and sulphurous fumes were issuing from too many 6,

50 42 cracks in the lava,causing us to make rapid steps and occasional long jumps; but at length reaching the edge of the lake, its grandeur burst suddenly upon us. Below us some seventy or eighty feet was a lake of molten lava, boiling and bursting up to a height of thirty or forty feet, enclosed in a circular wall some eight hundred feet in diameter. In three or four places near the center the molten mass was boiling, splashing, bursting wildly, while near the walls eruptions were taking place with great fury, the waves of lava surging from side to side and breaking nnder our feet. Now they would die down only to be renewed again and again to follow in the same burning track. At times the mass would separate in the center, showing a red fiery river through the black sea of lava, when in a great wave would rush only to dash up against the sides and be hurled madly back again like the angry beating of the ocean's waves against the cliffs. The wind would sometimes catch the fine lava as it was thrown upwards into the air and spin it into" Pele's hair," so called, which resembles spun glass and which would be borne by the breeze against the frowning walls, anci over them on to the surrounding lava field. Here we stood for an hour on the brink of this lake of fire watching it in all its changeful moods. Sometimes it would be very quiet for a spell, then suddenly break forth again in great fury and force, while we, chained to the spot by the magnificence of the scene, were undergoing a process of alternate toasting and cooling, the cool, refreshing breeze on the one hand furnishing one medium, the heat from the burning lake on the other hand providing the other. On noticing the gapping fissures near and around us-we being between them and the lake-and reviewing our situation, we were somewhat forcibly struck with the idea that it would be well to see some of the other wonders of the crater. Not that we were at all fearful., Oh no! for the guide had just comforted us with the information that, since the preceding Sunday, over one hundred feet of the brink had fallen in, making the lake that much larger; and the trembling of the place on which we stood was a powerful argument in urging us to proceed with our explorations. And we went, a sigh of relief escaping us when we found ourselves at a safe distance. The guide said that the new lake was the most dangerous place in the crater, and we were glad to get away from it. After another pleasant (?) ramble over broken lava, leaping from one cake to another, carefully avoiding the holes and bubbles, we came to the old crater of Halemaumau, and descended a nearly perpendicular cliff of eighty feet over loose, jagged lava rocks, expecting every minute to get a fall, or a hit on our heads from a stone loosened by those in the rear; but we arrived safely at the bottom with a few contusions occasioned by the sharp stones. Here we found "Madam Pele" very mild in comparison with the place just left, although she was grumbling and splurging considerably. After getting our breath, we scrambled out again. From here we traveled up an easy trail along a perfect river of old lava about twenty feet wide and half a mile long, to view the south lake; and, as we were to the leeward of it, had the full benefit of a good dose of sulphur smoke, which came so suddenly upon us as to nearly stifle us. 'Ve thought,ve had found a lucifer match factory <' injull blast. 'Ve left this locality in a hurry, and it was some time before we could get a full breath again; but we finally got out all right, inflated our lungs with purer air and started for the north side of the crater. For the first time, we now had a good. view of our surroundings.

51 43 Here we were penned up in a crater or immense well some three by five miles in diameter, with towering perpendicular walls from six hundred to one thousand feet on all sides of uo; under our feet was lava black and ragged, and twisted and turned in every conceivable shape; smoke was issuing from numerous cracks and openings and intense heat was emitted by flowing lava which had no visible outlet. Our feelings may perhaps be considered to have been pleasant. They were not. ' Our guide now grew facetious and thought to playa joke on us-a decidedly practical one, too-as,without a word of warning (we trusting him implicitly because we couldn't help it), he led us over a recent flow of lava which had partially cooled on the surface, and which was black like that around. But the red-hot kind was still flowing below, and in a very short time we perceived the point of the joke, and commenced to dance rather lively, as our feet were nearly blistered by the intense heat, so we started for the cold lava without waiting for the guide to lead the way.. The lava cools on the surface very quickly on coming in contact with the air, but inside remains in an incandescent state for some time, when the crust is strong but very hot. 'Ye did not know it then, but we do now., ' By this time we had become somewhat accnstomed to our strange position and grew bolder, and approached a place where we could see the lava flowing. 'Ve found it hot enough to make its presence felt, and halted to partake of the lunch that had been provided for us, which we did heartily, and while eating, watched the flow, ready at any moment to travel in light order, and quickly too, in case it made a break towards us. Onemi~ht imagine that it would flow rapidly, but unless over a declivity It does not; for, as before stated, it cools quickly on the surface, while the inner and molten mass will push through first in one direction, then in another, working its way in a winding course as best it can. No one can tell when or where it is likely to break out; consequently we watched closely for any indications, ready at any moment to change base. 'Vhile lunching we divided the time in getting coin specimens, which make a pretty memento of the visit, but found it difficult to get one out whole, as the lava is very brittle. \Ve made them by getting a lump of red-hot lava on a stick and working coins into it, keeping them in their places by turning up the edges of the lava and letting them cool; for although it looks black, it is still very hot, and continues so for a long time. Some, in fact, have to leave their specimens and preserve themselves on account of some sudden flow taking place. Having finished our lunch, and being well toasted ourselves, we began our return journey over the desolate and black-looking mass towards the high wall and place of our descent. After a long, difficult and tiresome climb, we at last reached the top and the Volcano House, very much exhausted after our jaunt of six or seven hours, covering a distance of twelve or fourteen miles, and it seemed pleasant to be in comparative safety again. \Ve say comparative, because all around the house the steam issues from immense seams and cracks; but still the danger is not so imminent as below, where one does not know at what time an outbreak may be expected. During the evening we amused ourselves in looking over the registers of the house, in which nearly every visitor writes that "he arrived" at a certain hour, after a certain kind of a trip-from Hilo generally. Some report having had fine weather, but the majority of them bad. 'l'he specimens of wit are of all, classes-good, bad, and' inditferent -and the various handwritings are a study. Some of the

52 5 44 sketches of incidents which transpired on the journey up were very amusing and well-executed; and a perusal of the books well repays one for the time occupied, though some vandals have cut out leaves, either whole or in part, making it very aggravating to the reader.. A quarter of a mile below the house is a fine sulphur bank, where one can occasionally find beautiful specimens of crystals, though the labor in getting them is great, as the steam is constantly rising and the ground is quite hot. A new place for sulphur bathing has been prepared which is said to take away the effects of lameness and fatigue; but the memory of the day's experience was so vivid we declined to try it, having had enough for one day.. The next mor.ning bright and early our breakfast was eaten with the sauce of a good appetite; after which, our horses being saddled and brought to the door, we started on the return trip, bidding adieu to bur courteous host and arriving at Hilo at 5 P. lii., tired and lame after the three days' pilgr~mage. We were saluted on our arriva i with an earthquake, a proceeding of nature which is not frequent here, considering the great powers working within so short a distance. The ride from HHo to the volcano, a distance of thirty miles over a very rough road to one unaccustomed to the saddle, will be found It trying one; the i ava being so ragged and slippery in places and the pathway so steep that, unless your animal be a sure-footed one, it is It 'severe trial on weak nerves. And after the journey is accomplished the average traveler or tourist will be only too glad to enjoy the hospitality of the courteous host of the Volcano House. The present Volcano House, a one-story frame building, fifty feet in length and twenty-five in width, with a spacious verandah extending along the side facing the crater, replaces the grass structure of former years, and is built a little to the south of the old site. The accommodations are good-much better than one would expect to find where everything has to be packed such a distance from the coast on the backs of horses and mules. 'rhe courtesies extended to our party both at HHo and the Volcano House will ever be gratefully remembered by. T.B.K... CAUSES OF THE PECULIARITY OF HAWAIIAN CLIMATE. BY JU:V. 8. ]C. BIsnop. Visitors to these Islands usually find two things in our climate that are new to their experience. One is the extreme uniformity of average temperature, day after day. 'While in the Eastern United States cold and hot waves of temperature rapidiy succeed each other, and the thermometer will be one day in the nineties, and the next in the thirties, here the breezes come tempered with almost the same warmth, and for month after month one day is no hotter and no colder than another. The other peculiarity is the very moderate warmth of our Islands. Full tropic heat is almost unknown. One can almost always find It. cool place if there is shade and a breeze. Many men wear dark and warm clothing the year through. The pith hat, the pajamas and the

53 45 puggarees of the real tropics are here uncalled for, save as luxuries, not necessities... In the combination of these two peculiarities, I believe our climate is unique-unmatched by any other place in the world. Many another island in the midst of wide tropic seas enjoys a similar uniformity} like 'rahiti or Jamaica; but they wilt in excessive heat. Other lamts enjoy equal and greater average coolness by reason of greater distance from the equator, but receive cold blasts and occa~ sional frosts from neighboring realms of 'Vinter. In our gentle 'Vinter, while in chill mornings we find our mercury even as low as in the fifties, we never approach to frost-so that here the palm, the pandanus, the banana are at home, true children of the tropics. And yet it is cool enough for one species of the peach, and on the uplands for the strawberry and the raspberry to be indigenous. 'Ve are absolutely ignorant of the broiling days and melting nights of a New York or Washington Summer. We do not know the torrid heats of the West Indies, the South Seas, the Philippines or the Sundas, where the mercury for half the year never finds where every artifice must be used for coolness-where exertion is impossible during mid day, and all life seems to slumber in the excessive sunbath. Here the white man easily labors all day long through the hottest.season, a fact unknown in any other land within the tropics. We have daily seen without a thought of surprise white carpenters and masons at work on buildings every day' and all day through the past month of August.. 'Vhat are the causes. of these very agreeable peculiarities of the Hawaiian climate, its moderation, and its uniformity? Our uniformity of climate in common with other islands in midocean, we owe to the tempering power upon the air of the wide ocean spaces surrounding us. 'rhe air currents coming to us from the cold and hot waves of the continental spaces must pass for several days over many thousand miles of sea of uniform temperature. The sea determines the temperature of the air. It fences us from Arctic blasts, and equally from torrid siroccos. 'The same condition of a protecting ocean expanse occurs in the South Pacific, and secures a.like uniformity of climate. 'rahiti and Samoa are reached by the trade winds only after passing an enormous breadth of ocean, 5000 and 6000 miles to our And within 2500 miles south of them are the vast flotillas of ice drifting down from the Antarctic continent of glaciers. Yet their sea comes to them at a temperature of 80 0 and upwards, while the air is heavy iaden with moisture. Drenching rains are often falling, and verdure rankly covers the land all the J'ear with a iuxury unknown in Hawaii. Not only in the tropic islands of the South Pacific in latitude nearly corresponding with ours, but aiso in Strong's Island, and Bonabe 1 west of us, the climate is warm and moist, like that of the East anu West Indies. Owing to the comparative coldness of the seas around us, and to the northeast, from whence our prevailing winds come, our climate is exceptionally dry, and often arid. The air currents coming southward gain heat faster than the waters they pass over. 'rhey gain capacity for carrying moisture faster than the chill sea can supply it by evaporation. Hence our trade winds are seldom saturated-they bring few clouds. They have little rain to. spare us! only as our sky-lifting peaks shoulder them back and wring out their scanty waters by pressure and coldness. So, while the easterly coasts gain a moderate supply, our remaining lands are in continuous drought, with air balmy,but dry: Another most favorable peculiarity of our gracious climate is our

54 46 total exemption from the. destructive cyclones which prevail elsewhere within the tropics. The vast breadth of the Pacific exempts its islands generally from the extreme forms of hurricane experienced in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, and justify its name Pacific. The Navigator and Fiji Islands are, however, subjected to terrific cyclones. Our exemption is unquestionably due to the moderate temperature of sea and air. Tempests are the throes of nature to restore equilibrium between heated areas and coldness near them. 'rhe cold airs of British America, and the hot winds of the Caribbean meet and produce tremendous disturbances of equilibrium, and cyclones form and go whirling along the West Atlantic, their centers rending to bits whatever they strike.. Here, with air and water seldom far from 70 0, with no continental desert near, to mass the tropic heat, and no vast Arctic glacier space to mass the cold near us, there is little provocation to tempests. In the South Pacific how different are the conditions. 'rhere the ocean waters coming from the equator with a heat of above 80 0, and the air at the same or higher. Then within 2500 miles are the ice flotillas of the Antarctic, chilling the sea and air to 50 0 or 60 0 below the tropical temperature. The vicinity of extremes is too close-the contrast of temperatures too great and sudden. Hence the hurricanes of the South Pacific, unknown to us. ' 'Ve have, so far, traced our unique climate to one single and peculiar condition in which we differ from any other region within the tropics. That is the singularly low temperature of our ocean water. our seas are cooler by a full average of ten degrees than any ocean region at the same distance from the equator, in any other part of the world. By this, we are protected from hurricanes. To this, we owe our climate: so sweet, salubrious, agreeable, uniform, yet cool and dry. But why is our ocean temperature here in the twentieth degree of latitude so low as an average of 70 0, and why so much higher every Where else in the same latitude?. In some measure, no doubt, this is due to a strong surface current fiowing hither from the northelist, driven by the trade winds. '1'his current often brings to our shores numbers of uprooted trees and saw-logs from the Columbia River, which its freshets have delivered to the ocean. It is probably a return current from the Kuro-slwa or gulf stream of the Pacific, which carries the equatorial waters past China and Japan, and sweeps across the North Pacific, leaving there its warmth, and returning on its circuit with northern coolness. 'rhis, however, cannot be an adequate cause for our peculiar coldness of ocean wateri else we ought to find a similar coldness in the waters of the eastern part of every ocean within the tropics. Especially should this be the case on the southwest coasts of Africa and Australia, where the return currents have come direct from the great Antarctic ice wall, and its scattered drift of icebergs. Our gulf stream meets no icebergs in its northern sweep-yet our waters are cold, and theirs are warni. 'Vhy this differeuce?. " 'rhe real cause seems to have been unravelled by Dr. Carpenter in his discussions of the deep-sea explorations of the Challenger. Most of us are doubtless aware that a few years since Dr; 'Vyville 'rhomson I and other experts in science conducted for three years an exploration of the deeper parts of the different oceans. They measured the depths. They dredged for the inhabitants of those depths. They ascertained the temperatures of the water at different depths wherever soundings were taken. It was from the records of those temperatures that Dr. Carpenter deduced the theory of the great movements of the cold and warm waters of the ocean which alone

55 47 satisfactorily explains our problem. The name of Dr. Carpenter than which for nearly a generation no other has ranked higher iii physical science, is sufficient guaranty of the value of his theory. We have to consider what is the normal movement of the great masses of the ocean waters upon the largest scale. We leave out of view the mere surface currents, like the Gulf Stream and the great Equatorial Current, however notable, as having a very partial effect in comparison with the vast, steady, but hidden, movements of the great ocean masses. To state the outlines of Dr. Carpenter's theory so as to be readily comprehended, take a trough (A B Cl, say ten feet long and one foot deep, filled with water lh 60 o. ;:w- ~... Q ~, A.., In the two ends of the trough (A and C) place blocks of ice. Through the surface of the center (B) pass a coil of pipe filled with hot steam. This will represent an ocean like the Atlantic, open continuously from pole to pole. At each end are the ice masses. At the equator is the torrid sun-heat. Now what happens to the water in our trough? The ice at once cools the water at the extremities to 32 0 The hot coil raises the surface water at the center towards the boiling point. A rapid circulation is set up through the entire length and depth of the whole body of water. The chilled water at A and C, being heavier, sinks. The warm water at B flows to A and C to fill the void. This movement pushes the cold water along the bottom from A and C towards B. At B the two bottom currents meet, and push each other upward. At the surface the cold water meets the hot pipes, is heated, and returns along the surface to the extremities. Thus IS established a continuous circulation in two circuits, of warm water f'om. the center on the surface to each end, and of cold water along the bottom from each end to the center. Now, the deep-sea soundings of the Challenger appear to show that the great mass movements of the waters of the Atrantic Ocean precisely correspond to this. The evidence is mainly this: In every part of the ocean below 1500 fathoms the water is at about 35 0, or nearly ice-cold. Above that depth the temperature slowly rises. Now, when you find ice-water under the tropics, we think it must have flowed there from the Polar seas, for we know that the earth 'depths are hot, and the sea-depths ought to be warm, unless they are constantly replenished with ice-water from the poles. But a most significant fact clinches the proof. It is this: In the vicinity of the equator, the temperature of 35 0, to find which everywhere else outside of the Polar circles you must descend 1500 fathoms, is found at only 500 fathoms below the surface. That is, under the very center of heat, we find ice-water nearest to the surface. 'What does this mean? 'Vhy plainly, that two vast cold currents from the poles are meeting below, and are forcing each other up to the surface. Such being the evidence in support of Dr. Carpenter's theory, observe what will be the effect on the climates of islands in latitudes B ~ c.*

56 48 like Hawaii and Cuba and Tahiti. A vast set of ocean water from the equator carries to them the torrid heats. Their seas will range in temperature above 800. Their atmosphere will be surcharged with the moisture evaporated by the heated ocean, which the colder trade winds will condense in frequent rains. Thus we have the hot, damp climate of the West Indies and the South Sea Islands. \Vhy? Because their sea-water flows to them from the heated equator. But why then is it not the same with Hawaii? To explain this, let us return again to our diagram of the trough. I represent it in a second figure, where at D I show a partition which cuts off the ice at C from communication with the rest of the trough. o A B D C This represents the conditions in which the Pacific Ocean differs from the Atlantic. The Pacific is closed at the north by Alaslm and Kamschatka, which closely meet, leaving only the narrow shoal of Behring's Strait, which is of no account. The Atlantic is open at both ends to the Polar seas, while the Pacific is open only to the Antarctic ice, and is cut off from the Arctic. Now, what must take place in the trough when the influence of the ice at C is cut off by the partition D? Why, there is no chilling of, the water at the C or Arctic end, to make it sink, and hence no draft of warm water from B to C. The whole draft from the equator (B) is to the Antarctic end (A). More than this, the cold water pushed on from behind meets no counter-flow at B from the Arctic (C), to compel it to ascend. It has no natural tendency to rise, being heavy. Hence it flows on until it meets the barrier (D). Then it is compelled to find room above, pushes up, and flows back to B as a coldcurrent on the surface.. Now the temperature soundings of. the Challenger in the Pacific have shown this remarkable fact: Everywhere under the equator the ice-water is reached at the same uniform depth of 1500 fathoms as in other parts of the ocean. It is not found rising to within 500 fathoms of the surface as it does in the Atlantic. This seems to prove that the Pacific Ocean flow is precisely that shown in our second diagram. The vast mass of equatorial water flows southhstrikes the Antarctic ice, then flows along the ocean depths throug the entire length of the Pacific until it reaches the great barrier of the Aleutian chain, which arrests its farther progress. It then rises to the surface an icecold current and flows southward, gradually gaining heat from the sun, but still cool until it has crossed the line. Thus it is that Hawaiian seas are continually replenished from the cold seas of the north! while our sister isles of the south receive the torrid heats of the' ine. The mighty continental glacier of the Antarctic is not far from them, but cold comes not to them, but to us after traversing the depths of the whole Pacific.. It follows from this solution of our problem, that were Alaska, r Kamschatka, and the Aleutian chain to be sunken 2000 fathoms deep so as to open the Pacific to the Arctic, the ocean set of the North Pacific would be reversed, and the climate of Hawaii would become full-tropical. "'ive will hope that such a catastrophe will not soon occur. Alaska is of high value to us, if not to the United States.

57 49 It may well have been, however, that ten thousand years ago, when ice predominated at the north and was at its minimum in the Antarc~ tic, that the northern ice cap extended well into the Pacific, and past the Aleutians. If such were the case, then Hawaii must at that time have had a full-tropical climate, with its heats and its perpetual rains. Why, it may be asked, do not the islands of Micronesia two and three thousand miles away from us, and which are north of the line, experience a like mitigation of torrid heat with ourselves from the same cause? We know that they are warm and wet. The reason doubtless is that so far mid-ocean, the great equatorial surface current has attained full breadth and force, as it has not done here, and cuts off from the surface the massive and deep ocean-set from the north. This equatorial current is heated, and gives to Bonabe its torrid climate. The effect of such a climate as ours upon the well-being of society calls for careful estimation. APPROPRIATION BILL FOR THE BIENNIAL PERIOD ENn ING MARCH 31st, CIVIL LIST. His Majesty's Privy Purse and Royal State.~ $45, HeJ: l\iajesty the Queen :. 10, Her Royal Highness the Heir Presumptive.~... 10, Her Royal Highness the Princess Likelike... 8, His Majesty's Chamberlain and Secretary.. ~ ; 5, His Majesty's Household Expenses ; ; 16, Expenses of His Majesty's Coronation ;... 10, $104, PERlIIANENT SETTLEUEJITS. Her l\iajestyqueen Emma $16,000 00' His Excellency P. Kanoa... 2,400 00' l\iethusela l\iahuka Henry S. Swinton : '00.$19, LEGISLATURE AND PRIVY COUNCIL,,Expenses of Legislature, 1880 : $20,000 O(l Secretary Privy Council Incidentals Privy Council $20, JUDICIARY DEPARTMENT. Salary of ChiefJustice and Chancellor $12, Salary of First Associate... 10, Salary of Second Associate... 10, Salary of Clerk Supreme Court 5, Salary of Assistant Clerk and Librarian... 3", Salary of Intepreter Supreme and Police Courts... 3, Salary of Circuit Judge, 2nd Judicial Circuit :. 4,, Traveling Expenses of do Salary of Circuit Judges, 3rdJudicialCircuit... 4, Salary of Circuit Judge of~kauai... 3, Salary of Police Justice of. Honolulu m

58 50 Salary of Police Justice of Hilo $ 2, Salary of Police Justice of Lahaina... 1, Salary of Police Justice of Wailuku 2,00000 Salary of District JUdge, North Hilo Salary of District Judge, Puna, HawaiL Salary of District Judge, Kau. HawaiL... 1, Salary of District Judge, North Kona, Hawaii Salary of District Judge, South Kona, Hawaii (If one Judge for the two districts, then $1,000.) Salary of District Judge, North Kohala, Hawaii. Salary of District Judge, South Kohala, Hawaii.. Salary of District Judge, Hamakua, Hawaii Balance of salary of ditto due and unpaid.. Salary of District JUdge, Honuaula, MauL. Salary of District JUdge, Makawao, MauL. Salary of District Judge, Hana and Kaupo, MauL.. Salary of District JUdge, Island of Lanai.. Salary of District JUdge, MolokaL,.. Traveling expenses of ditto.. Salary of District Judge, Ewa and 'Vaianae, Oahu.. Salary of District Judge, Waialua. Oahu.. Salary of District Judge! Koolauloa, Oahu. (If one Judge for the aistricts of 'Vaialua and Koolauloa, then $900.).. Salary of District JUdge, Koolaupoko, Oahu. Salary of District Judge, Hanalei, KauaL. Salary of District JUdge, Kawaihau, KauaL.. Salary of District JUdge, Lihue, KimaL.. Salary of District Judge, Koloa, KauaL.. Salary of District Judge z Waimea, KauaL. Salary of Clerk 2nd JudICial Circuit. Salary of First Clerk 3rd Judicial Circuit. Salary of Second Clerk 3rd Judicial Circuit.. Balance of salary of ditto due and unpaid. Salary of Clerk 4th Judicial Circuit.. Expenses of Supreme Court.. Expenses of witnesses in criminal cases in the Supreme and Circuit Courts : :. Expenses of 2nd Judicial Circuit.. Expenses of 3rd Judicial Circuit.. Expenses of 4th Judicial Circuit...Purchase of Law Books : ~,.. Stationery and Incidentals for allthe Courts.. Translating, printing and binding the Hawaiian Reports 1, ()(} , ,000 ()(} SOO ()() 800 ()(} ()(} 2,300 ()(} , , ()(} , ,000 ()(} $96,58750 DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS. Salary ofl\iinister $ Salary of Secretary :... 5, Office expenses, Foreign Agents... 3, Postage and Incidentals.. 2, Expenses of Foreign Missions... 6,00000 Salary of MinisterResident at 'Vashington 10, Relief and return of indigent Hawaiians from abroad :. 1,500 ()(} 8alarr.of l\iessenger.- : : Salaryof Copying Clerk ()(} I)urchase of Decorations ; :... 1, Education of Hawaiian Youths in Foreign Countries 15,000 00

59 51 Safe for Foreign Office Department :..: $ King's Guards 31, Band, Flags, Salutes and Incidentals 31, Aid to Volunteer Military Companies 12, $133, INTERIOR DEPARTMENT; Salary of l\iinister $12, Salary of Clerks :. 13, Salary of Governor of Oahu... 3, Salary of Governor of l\iaui... 3, Salary of Governor of KauaL... 3, Salary of Governess of Hawaii... 3, Salary of Clerk, Governor of Oahu Salary of Clerk, Governor of MauL... 1, Salary of Clerk, Governor of KauaL... 1, Salary of Clerk, Governess of Hawaii... 1,600 '00 Salary of Jailor of Oahu Prison... 3, Salary of 'Water Superintendent and Clerk of MarkeL... 3, Salary of Clerk to Supt. 'Water Works and Clerk of Market 2, Markets at Lahaina, Hilo, and "'ailuku, $2,000 each... 6, Salary of Road Supervisorof Kona, Oahu... 2, Salary of Superintendent of Public Works:... 6, Salaryof Postmaster GeneraL... 5, Salary of Clerks Post Office... 10, Pay of Postmasters.. 5, Pay of l\iail Carriers... 15, Incidentals to Post Office :... 5, Telephone Station... 1, Pay of Road Supervisors :... 8, Pay of Keeper of Royal Mausoleum Expenses of Royal Mausoleum Pay of Keeper of LunaIilo Mausoleum Balance due Keeper of Lunalilo's 'l'omb Pay of Janitor Aliiolani Hale and Messengers Int. De}Jt... 1, Incidentals Interior Department,... 2, Copying Records Land Commission to complete same... 3, Purchase of Road Stock , Road Damages , Roads and Bridges throughoutthe Kingdom 175, Leper Settlement... 85, For cure of lepers to be paid at rate of $200 for each cured... 20, Medical Supt. Leper Settlement, for services rendered... 1, Resident Physicians ;... 26, General Expenses Board of Health :.. 20, Branch Hospitals... 40, Repairs and care of Quarantine Buildings... 2, Store House at Kahului... 2, Insane Asylum, including repairs 15, Aid to Queen'sHospital... 21, GovernmentSu1'\ w Government PrintIng... 3, Printing and binding index of Kuleanas of thekingdom... 1, Publishing the laws of the,kingdom in, English and Hawaiian... 5, Support of Prisoners 45, HonoluluFireDepartment... 15, Interpreting and translating

60 52 Expenses of Bureau of Water 'Vorks $ 4, Repairs of and addition to Water Works 64, Repairs and running expenses of tug Pele... 15, Anchors, buoys and landings... 18, Landing at Kawela, Hamakua, Hawaii... 3, Dredging Honolulu Harbor... 5,000 ()() Repairs of wharves, Honolulu... ]5, Repairs and running expenses of the several lighthouses... 7, New lighthouse west of Molokai... 2, New lighthouse Batber's point... 2, Repairs of, and new Government Buildings 34, Completion of, and furnishing new Palace... 80, Pedestal and incidentals for Kamehameha Statue... 2, Encourage!llent of Immigration 100, Cutting down and making road over Nuuanu PalL... 30, Marine railway for Honolulu 100,000 ()() Artesian well boring ;, 10, Improvement of Kapiolani Park :.. 5, Improvement of Thomas Square ; 2, Government Library Rent of lot in front of Aliiolani Hale to March 31st, Rent of Aienui Back rent of Kohololoa Pound Rent Kohololoa Pound two years to March 31st Expenses filing Certificates of Boundaries in Int. office Expenses of election Erection of Laundries to be leased under the Board ofhealth 7, Road tax to be expended in Districtwherecolle.cted , $1,233, DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE. Salary of1\iinister ; $12, Salary of Registrar of PublicAccounts... 6,000 ()() Salary of Collector General... 7, Salary of Deputy Collector... 4,()()O 00 Salary of Statistical Clerk... 3, Salary of 2nd Statistical Clerk... 2, Salary of Surveyor and Guard... 3,000 ()() Salary of Storekeeper... 3,000 ()() Salary of Assistant Guards of Honolulu and otherports... 8, Salary of Collector.of Kawaihae Salary of Collectorof Kahului... 2, Salaryof Port Surveyor and Guard for Kahului... 1, Salary of Collector of Kealakekua Salary of Collector of Koloa Salary of keeper of Steamer 'Varehouse... 1, Salary of keeper of Kerosene 'Varehouse Salary of 1\Iessenger Incidentals of. Custom House... 2, Custom House Boat ~ 1, Pay of Tax Assessors ~... 20, Pay of Tax Collectors... 18, Pay of Tax Appeal Board..;... 1, National Debt falling due : 89, Intereston National Debt 78,000 (JO Hospital Fund (estimated Receipts)... 12, IncidentalsofFinance Department... 2, Printing and supplying of Certificates of Deposit.. 1,500 00

61 53 Stamps and Dies : $ 1, Safe for Finance Department... 2, Dog Tags Subsidy to Foreign Steam lines... 24, Subsidy to China Merchants' Steam Navigation Co's line 24,00() 00 Return of Double Taxes D. Keaweamahi, bal. of salary as teacher of Ref. School $333,27925 DEPARTMENT OF ATTORNEY-GENERAL. Salary of Attorney General $12, Salary of Clerk of Attorney General. ; :... 4, Salary of l\farshai... 7,(j()() 00 Salary of Sheriffof Hawaii 5, Salary of Sheriffof ]\-[aul 5, Salary of Sheriffof KauaL... 3, Salary of Clerk of She'riffof Hawaii... 1, Salary of Clerk of Sheriffof Maul.. 1, Police of HawaiL... 28, Police of Maui ~ Policeof Oahu... 70, Police of KauaL, ;.. 7, Apprehension of Criminals... 2, Incidentals of Department... 2, Expenses of Coroners' Inquests ; $166, BUREAU OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Salary of Inspector GeneraL $ 5, Traveling Expenses of ditto '1, Salary of Clerk of Board of Education... 5, Support of Hawaiian and English Schools ;... 45, Support of Common Schools. 12, Industrial and Reformatory Schools, to include instruction. in instrumental music and cost of instruments... 10, Building and Repairs of School Houses... 5, Scholarships at Oahu College for native Hawaiianboys only Publishing the book"sanitary Instructions for J [awaiians" 3, National Museum Stationery and Incidentals Salary of Messenger :, $89,02000 RECAPITULATION. Civil List $104, PermanentSettlements: 19, Legislature and Privy Council... 20, Judiciary Department... 96, Department of Foreign Affairs ', Department of Interior 1,233, Department of Finance. 333, Department of Attorney GeneraL ,200 OU Bureau of Public Instruction... 89, $2,196,006 75

62 54 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS POSTAL SERVICE. General Post Office, Honolulu, Oahu.-A. P. Brickwood, P. r.l; Assistants-L. P. Dubois, C. H. Brickwood, W. A. Kalai, A. P. Brickwood,jr.. Waialua, Oahu S. N. Emerson OVERLAND MAIL ROUTE, OAHU. Leaves Honolulu at 10 a. m. on Monday, each week, for the circuit of the Island, arrivingback Wednesdaymorning. Mondays when the California Mail Steamers are expected, the overland mail is delayed till 10 a. m. Tuesday. POSTMASTERS ON MAUl. MOLORAI AND LANAI. Lahaina T. W. Everett Haiku 8. T. Alexander 'Vailuku E: H. Bailey Kahului.. T. H. Hobron Makawao W. L. Davis Kipahulu T. K. Clarke ~ana A. Unna Kaunakakai.. R. 'V. Meyer Ulu palakua Mrs. Makee Kaluaaha J. Lima Kaupo :r. 'VilIs Lanai Jessie Moorhead OVERLAND MAIL ROUTES, MAUl. From Lahaina.to Wailuku, Kahului, Makawao, Haiku and Ulupalakua-on Tuesdays or Wednesdays. From Lahaina.to Kaanapali and Kahakuloa, weekly, on arrival of steamer Likelike. From Ulupalalma.to Hana] weekly, on arrival of Likelike mails. From Haiku to Hana, weekly, on arrival of Kilauea Hou mails. From Kahului to Makawao and Haiku, weekly, on arrival of steamer Kilauea Hou. POS'fMASTERS ON HAWAll. JIilo L. Severance Kailua W. H. Davis Kawaihae C. Stackpole Kealakekua H. N. Greenwell Kukuihaele G. Trousseau Pahala T. C. 'Vills Waipio W. H. Holmes Waiohinu C. Meinecke 'Vaimea Rev. L. L:yons Hookena D. K. Nahinu Kohala, Halawa Dr. J. Wight Hoopuloa D. L.. Keliikuli Kohala, Puehuehu Jas. Richardson ROUTE AGENTS, HAWAIl. Laupahoehoe W. Lidgate I Honok;aa 'V. Dart OVERLAND MAIL ROUTES, HAWAIl. From Hilo to Kawaihae, leaves weekly, on Monday, and to Kau Thursday, on arrival of steamer Likelike. From Kau to Kona, leaves weekly, on Monday. From Kawaihae to Kona and Kau, leaves on arrival of steamer Likelike, This Mail Service around Hawaii is intended.to be a weekly service of the circuit of the Island. POSTMASTERS ON KAUAI. Lihue O. ScholzIWaimea S. P. Hanchett K?loa E. Strehz Hanalei. C. Koelling KIlauea R. A. r.lacfie Kapaa ~ G. H. Dole OVERLAND MAIL ROUTES, KAUAI. Leaves Lihuil for Koloa, Waimea and Hanalei on arrival of Steamer, every Tuesday, returni.ng every Friday.

63 55 HAWAllAN REGISTERED VESSELS. MERCHAN1'MEN, WHALERS, AND TRADERS ~ new Schr Giovanni Apiant '\ J a. I Dowsett Bark Kale II Hackfeld Bark Mattie ~facleay J a. I Dow.ett Bcrtn Pomare.... 2'.lO H H ~I Minister of~jnterior ltegibten.. CLASS. NAME. TONS. REGISTERED OWNERS. 168 B~ig Julia)f Avery Chao K Clark Elise Chas K Clark 175 " Iolani... 9", H Hackfeld ~~~i 192 " Bgtn Stormbird II II ~I Minl.ter of Interior Bark KaJakaua PC Jones, Jr ' ~J " Bark LilIu ~eil1i: ~I:I~:~~ of Interior 206 " Bark Ha\\o aii ') Schr Julia A Long " Scbr Kaluna A F Cooke, W L Wilcox' Bark StarlI/(ht J S Walker COASTERS. llegister. CLASS. NAME. TONS. REGISTERED OWNERS new Schr Kulamann Allen & Robinson, C ]If Cooke 166" Schr Nettie Merrill Ti.95 Henry Turton 174" Schr Catarina Aplani Long Allen & Robinson 171 old Schr Manuokawal Tho. R Fo.ter 176 new Schr Kekauluohi Allen & Robinson.~~:: ~~g~ ~:[~~~:::::::::::::::: 1~ ~~:~~ f:a~~e~:~:::r 158" Schr Ka Moi T H Hobron 130 Schr Keoni Ana Schr Pauahi ',' Allen & Robinson 69" Sloop Wailek., Ifnhao (w) 161" Sohr Kapiolani I Grube 68" Schr Prince Thos R Foster 115" Schr Warwick Jacob Brown 177" Stmr Likelike Samuel G Wilder 179" Schr Leahi Allen & Robin.on,180" Schr ",Tailele ''-0._'' Cooke, Alexander, Wilcox & Wilcox 129" Schr Jenny.., T R Foster and J Brown, tru.tees 41" Schr Rob Roy.. 2.'> J as I Dow.ett 182" Sloop Kulamanll ~l P Robinson 20:3" Sloop Hae Hawaii ~ E Kahelemake 145" Schr Kalliki Ja. I Dow.ett 155"!:'chr Mile Morris Jas I Dowsett 142" Schr Uilama B MAllen 117" Schr Kinall Ja. I Dowsett 183" Schr Haleakala Allen & Robiuson, C Afong ~~:: Schr Mary E Fo.ter Tho. R Foster 187" Schr Waioli....; AF,CW,andCM Cooke,.W L Wilcox Schr Hannani.: T R Fo.ter, Jacob Brown 188" Schr Waiehu W L Wilcox, W McCandless, A F Cooke 189" Schr Pato Reed & Si.son 190" Stmr Kilauea Hou T H Hobron ralexander 19t" Schr Waimall A F Cooke, W Land S W Wilcox, S T ~;:;;:: Stmr Waimanalo Waimanalo SUll"ar Company Stmr Mokolii ~5 S G Wilder 197" Schr Liholiho Thos R J;'o.ter 211" Schr Liliu C M and A F Cooke, W L Wilcox ~.. ~~h: f~~~o.i~~~i.~:~~~::::::::i~ ~:~g il~e;;~~~blnson 20 1 U Stmr Lehua ~ G 'Vilder 205'~ Schr. l!.)kno]a J H Black 207" Stmr.James ~lakee ?5 T R Foster, J Br~wn, Mrs Godfrey 208 U Schr MaIolo Alexander, Cooke &Co 209 :: Schr Geueral Sie/(el A F Cooke, W L Wilcox, G P Castle 215 Schr Kanikeaoull ') Allen & R"bln.on 216" Schr,Jennie Walker." ~? William Greig rfrey. J Brown 218" Stmr C RBI.hop ~ T R Foster, G N Wilcox, Mn C E God- 219" Schr Mana A F Cooke, W L Wilcox ~13" Sloop Sl\rllh W F Williams

64 56 SUGAR PLANTATIONS AND MILLS. Those marked with an asterisk (*) are planters only. Those marked with a dagger (t) are mills only. All qthers are plantations complete, owning their own mills.. KaupakueaPlantation Hilo, Hawaii C Afong M;~ahanaloaPla~tation Hil?i Hawaii..: C Afong "al1uku PlantatIOn 'Val uku, MaUl C Brewer & Co Akanaliilii & Co's Plant'n Makawao, Maui C Brewer &. Co East Maui Plantation Makawao, Maui C Brewer & Co Huelo Plantation* Hamakua, Maui. C Brewer & Co Onomea Plantation Hilo, Hawaii. : C Brewer & Co Paukaa Plantation ; Hilo, Hawaii C Brewer & Co. Honomu Plantation Hilo, Hawaii. C Brewer & Co PrincevillePlantation Hanalei, Kauai.. C Brewer & Co Hawaiian Agricultural Co Kau, Hawaii C Brewer & Co Kaneohe Plantation Kaneohe, Oahu C Brewer & Co Hitcncock & Co's Plant'n Hilo, Hawaii Castle & Cooke Kohala Plantation Kohala, Hawaii Castle & Cooke Waialua Plantation Waialua, Oahu Castle & Cooke Haiku Haiku Plantation Plantation No No 2 I} H al 'k' u, MaUl C tl & as e C k 00 e Hamakua Plantation Hamakua, Maui.. Castle & Cooke Kaalaea Plantation Kaalaea, Oahu T H Davies Union Mill Co Kohala, Hawaii. T H Davies. Niulii Plantation Kohala, Hawaii T H Davies Beecroft Plantation* } Hawi Millt... Kohala, Hawaii. T H Davies Montgomery & Co's Plant'n'" Hamakua Hamakua Millt. Plantation"""} H ama k ua, H" awan... T H D avles. 'Waiakea Plantation"' } H'l H.. T H D. Waiakea Millt 10, awan... avles W Lidgate & Co's Plantation Laupahoehoe, Hawaii T H Davies Kipahulu ~Iillt Hana, Maui TH Davies Ookala Plantation Hilo, Hawaii H Hackfeld & Co Pioneer Mill Lahaina, Maui H Hackfeld & Co Olowalu Plantation Lahaina, Maui H Hackfeld & Co Hana Plantation Hana, Maui. H Hackfeld & Co Kipahulu Plantation"' Hana, Maui.. H Hackfeld & Co Grove Ranch Plantation Makawao, Maui.. H Hackfeld & Co Lilikoe Plantation HaikUhMaui.. H Hackfeld & Co Heeia Plantation Kaneo e, Oahu H Hackfeld & Co Waianae Sugar Co \Vaianae, Oahu H Hackfeld & Co Waimanalo Sugar Co ;\Vaimanalo, Oahu H Hackfeld & Co Koloa Plantation Koloa, Kauai.. H Hackfeld & Co Kekaha Mill Cot Wainae, Kauai.. H Hackfeld & Co Kilauea Plantation Kilauea, Kauai. H Hackfeld & Co Grove Farm* Puna, Kauai. H Hackfeld & Co Hanamaulu Plantation'" Puna, Kauai H Hackfeld & Co LihuePlantation Lihue, Kauai.. H Hackfeld & Co Kekaha Plantation Waimea, Kauai...E Hoffschlaeger & Co Ma~ee Plantation Ulup'alakua, aui :W G Irw!n & Co Walhee Sugar Co Walhee, Maul. W G Irwm & Co.Hawaiian Commercial Co Maui.. W G Irwin & Co :Makee Sugar Co, Kealia, Kauai.. W G Irwin & Co Kealia Plantation Kealia, Kauui W G Irwin & Co

65 57 NaalehuPlantation Kau, Hawaii W G Irwin & Co Hilea Sugar Co Kau, Hawaii W G Irwin & Co Star Millt Kohala, Hawaii W G Irwin & Co Hakalau Plantation Hilo, Hawaii W G Irwin & Co Costa's Plantation Hilo, Hawaii W G Irwin & Co PaauhaU l\iillt Hamakua, Hawaii.. W G Irwin & Co Paauhau Plantatiori* Hamakua, Hawaii.. W G Invin & Co Spencer's Plantation Hilo] Hawaii.. G W Macfarlane & Co 'Vaikapu Plantation WaiKapu, Maui...G W Macfarlane & Co Kamaloo Plantation Molokai. J McColgan Honokaa Sugar Co Hamakua, Hawaii...F A Schaefer &; Co Pacific Sugar Mill Hamakua, Hawaii...F A Schaefer & Co Eleele Plantation Koloa, Kauai.. F A Schaefer & Co Halawa Plantation Kohala, Hawaii J T 'Vaterhouse Laie Plantation Laie, Oahu J'r Waterhouse Niu Plantation Waialae, Oahu J C White Moanui Plantation Molokai 'Vong Leong & Co NOTE.-Circuiars were addressed to the Managers of the.various plantations during the past Summer for the names of all parties planting cane adjoining them, together with the number of acres under cultivation, with the hope of arriving at a correct estimate of the planting interest. Our thanks are due to those who willingly responded, but as the majority have failed to reply, we are without sufficient data to make it an object to alterthe foregoing list at present. MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL ORDER OF KAMEHAMEHA I., INSTITUTED BY KAMEHAMEHA V., KNIGHTS GRAND CEOSS. HIS MA.JESTY THE KING. Chal1es R. Bishop, Chancellor of the Order. E. H. Allen. H.R.H. Prince Alfrea, Duke of Edin-. burgh.- _ H.R.H. Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden. H.I. and R.A.}!. Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. H.M. Louis II., King of Bavaria. H.M. Charles 1., lung of Wurtemburg. H.R.H. Louis III., Grand Duke of Hesse. Don Manuel Ranees Villanueva, of Spain. _ Don Juan Tomas Comyn, of Spain. Don Bonifacio de BIas, of Spain. Marquis D'Azeglis. A. S. Cleghorn. - John O. Dorninis, Secretary and Treasurer of the Order. H.R.H. Thomas, Duke of Genoa. C. C. Harris. H.M. Wilhelm I., Emperorof Germany. H.I.H. FrederickWilhelm, Crown Prince of Germany. H.M. Humbexto I., King of Italy. S KNIGHTS COMMANDER. Charles G. Hopkins. C. de Varigny. William Martin, H.M. Charge d'affaires and Consul-General at Paris. Manley Hopkins, H.M. Charge d'affaires and Consul-General at London. Alfred Blanche de'billing, of France. Ferd. W. Hutchison. - Baron von Petz, Admiral Austrian Navy. Von Wiplinger, Captain Austrian Navy. Stephen Spencer. Dr. Edward Hoffmann, Consul for Austria and Hungary. Don Enrique Martos. E. von Hasslocher. M. de Moltke, of Denmark. M. de Stackleburg, of Denmark.. C. E. De Long, late U. S. Minister Plenipotentiary in Japan, and Minister Plenipotentiary for His Ha. waiian MaJesty in Japan. H. A. Widemann. J.-Mott Smith. Paul Kanoa. Count Cam. Candiani d'olivola, of Italy. M.le Chevalier Raffaele Volpe, of Italy. John H. GassIer, H.H.M. Charge d'affaires, Germany.

66 1 58 Baron Leop. Frederick Hoffmann, of Austria. Joseph Chevalier de Schwegel, of Austria. Rear-Admiral John J. Almy. Captain Wm. E. Hopkins. Captain G. E. Temple. H. A. P. Carter. W. F. Allen. General Edward M. McCook. Baron de la Roncere Ie Noury,. Vice- Admiral, France. Mons. Charles Maunoir. F. A. Schaefer. Captain Graf von l\ionts. Captain Fricherr von Reibnitz. Hermann Schulze. J. C. Glade. Charles H. Judd. George Paul Andreas Humbert, Actual Chancellor LejZation, etc., Berlin. Sir Thomas G. F. Hesketh, Bart. :KNIGHTS COMPANION. J. C. Pfluger, Vice-Consul for Russia. Stephen H. Phillips. Rt. Rev. T. N. Staley. W. W. F. Synge, late H.B.M. Commis sioner and Consul-General. Thomas Spencer. William C. Parke. William Hillebrand. Robert Stirling. V. Schonberger, H B 1\-1 Consul atvienna. Joseph Hugo Schonberger, of Austria. John Kleissl, of Austria. Adolph Plason,of Austria. Lieut. Com. William Henry Whiting. Colonel William N. Wherry. J. M. Kapena. Mons. Ie Baron Rene Reille. R.A.Lyman. Franz Edouard Gottlieb Loss, Aulic. Chancellor, etc., Berlin. F.W. Neff, Aulic. Chancellor,etc., Berlin. :MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL ORDER OF KALAKAUA. INSTITUTED KNIGHTS GIlAND CROSS. HIS MAJESTY THE KING. His Excellency J. O. Dominis, Chancellor. His Excellency E. H. Allen. Honorable C. C. Harris: Honorable C. R. Bishop. Honorable A. S. Cleghorn. H.M. Francis Joseph of Austria. H.R.H. Prince Henry of Prussia. GIlAND OFFICERS. His Excellency W. L. Green. His Excellency H. A. P. Carter. Prince R. Gledroye, Chamberlain to H.I.M. the Emperor of Russia. Honorable A. F. Judd. Honorable J. Mott Smith. Honorable J. M. Kapena. Archibald MacLean, Captain in the German Navy. William C. Martin, Hawaiian Charge d'affaires, Paris. Dr. Johannes Rosing, Sup. Privy Councillor, Germany. Herr Heinrich von Kusserow, Privy Councillor of Legation, Germany. KNIGHTS COMMANDER. Honorable S. N. Castle. Honorable A. S. Hartwell. Honorable E. O. Hall. Honorable S. G. Wilder. H. W. Severance, Hawaiian Consul, San Francisco. Edward Reeve, Hawaiian Consul-General, Sydney. Honorable W. F. Allen, Secretary and Treasurer. Honorable H. A. Widemann. Claus Spreckels. Baron Albert von Seckendorff, of Prus sia. Hans Kaester. Captain German Navy. Charles de Livron, Captain Russian Navy. H. A. Berger, Hawaiian Consul-General for Sweden and Norway. KNIGHTS COMPANION. Honorable John P. Parker. Honorable Charles H. Judd. Pitkin C. Wrlght. C. Van Dyke Hubbard, of California. Major C. T. Gulick. Honorable H. Kuihelani. Honorable A. Fornander. Guido von Usedorn, Lieutenant German Navy. August von Heeringen, Unter-Lientenant German Navy. NichalausReitzenstem,Lieutenant Russian Navy. George W. Macfarlane. William D. Alexander. Honorable Walter M. Gibson. William H. Dimond. John D. Spreckels. Henry Rmmenschrieider. Da Fonsaca Wollheim, Lieutenant Russian Navy. Albrecht Heimich Paul Landt, Privy Registrar Foreign Office, Berlin.

67 59 LEGEND OF MAUl-SNARING OF THE SUN. BY REV. A. O. FORBES. ~{aui wae the son of Hina-lau-~e and Hina, and they dwelt at a place called :Makalia above Kahakuloa, on West :MauL Now his mother, Hina, made kapas. And as she spread them out to dry, the days were so short that she was put to great trouble and labor in hanging them out and taking them in day after day until they were dry. 1\Iaui seeing this was filled with pity for ber, for tbe days were so sbort tbat no sooner bad sbe got her kapas all spread out to dry tban tbe sun went down and she bad to take them in again. So be determined to make tbe sun go slower. He first went to \Vailobi, in Hamakua, on East Maui, to observe the motions of tbe sun. Tbere he saw tbat tbe sun rose towards Hana. He tben went up on Haleakala and saw tbat tbe sun in bis course came directly over tbat mountain. He tben went bome again, and after a few days, went to a place called Paeloko, at \Vaill.ee. There he cut down all the cocoanut trees, and gathered the fibre of the cocoanut husks in great quantity. This he manufactured into strollg cord. One 1\Ioemoe, seeing this, said tauntingly to bim, "'fhou will never catch the sun. 'fhou art only an idle nobody." 1\Iaui answered, "\Vben I conquer my enemy, and my desire is attained, I will be your death." So he went up Haleakala again, taking his cord with him. And when the sun rose above where he was stationed, he prepared a noose of the cord and casting it, snared one of the sun's larger rays and broke it off. So he snared and broke off, one after another, all tbe strong rays of the sun. Then shouted he exultingly, "Thou art my captive, and nowl will kill thee for thy going so swiftly." And the sun said, "Let me live, and thou shalt see me go more slowly hereafter. Behold hast thou not broken off all my strong legs, and left me only the weak ones?" So the agreement was made, and 1\Iaui permitted the sun to pursue his course, and from tbat time on be went more slowly, and that is the reason wby the days are longer at one season of the year than at another. It was this that gave the name to that mountain; which should properly be called Alehe-ka-la(sun snarer), and not Haleakala. And when Maui returned from this exploit, he went to find 1\Ioemoe, who had reviled him. But that individual was not at home. He went on in his pursuit till he came upon 1\Ioemoe at a place called Kawaiopilopilo, on the shore to tbe eastward of the Black Rock~ called Kekaa, north of Lahaina. :Moemoe dodged him uphill ana down, until at last, 1\Iaui, growing wrathy, leaped upon and slew the fugitive. And tbe dead body was transformed into a long rock, wbich is there to this day by the side of tbe road going past "Black Rock." Our next issue has the promise of an article on the varieties of bananas growing on these Islands, which the compiler has found already to number fifty-seven, witb several districts yet to hear from. It was undertaken for this issue, but has grown beyond the time allotted owing to the. kinds being more numerous than were supposed to exist.

68 60 OASUALTIES OF SHIPPING CONNECTED WITH THE PORT OF HONOLULU, December 1st, 1879, British bark Tokatea, which left Newcastle October 9th for this port with a cargo of coal for 'Wilder & Co., struck On Vostok Island and became a total loss. 'l'he crew took to the boats and landed at Tahiti December 17th. January 10th, 1880, Hawaiian steamer ~fokolii went ashore about two miles north of Lahaina at 4 A 'Vas floated off again at P without serious damage. January 14, Hawaiian schooner Kamaile went ashore at Waialua, Oahu, and became a total loss..tanuary 19th, American tern Hera touched on the reef at Kahului, Maui l but sustained no serious damage beyond loss of a portion of false Keel and throwing overboard about fifteen tons of coal. February 26th, schooner Prince, on her trip from Hawaii to this port, was washed by a heavy sea, and a passenger and one of the crew swept overboard. The vessel was put back and the seamansaved, but the passeno'er was lost.. :March 28, schooner lvaioli, in crossing the Oahu Channel, shipped a heavy sea, which washed overboard six passengers, four of which were recovered, and two were drowned. March 14th, P. M. S.s. City of Sydney took fire at her dock in San Francisco, destroying nearly all of the Honolulu freight. About forty feet of the deck and four beams had to be replaced. Cause of fire unknown. May 14th, American barkentine Joseph Perkins, in attempting to beat out of Kahului harbor, missed stays and went onto the reef between Kahului and Waihee, and became a total loss. June 6th, Hawaiian schooner Eugenia A. Briggs (formerly American schooner Joseph Wolley) went ashore at Huelo, Maui, and became a total wreck. She was en route to Honokaa, Hawaii, and had a full cargo on board, which was also lost. September 6th, Hawaiian steamer C. R. Bishop touched on a. reef off l\ olokai, sustaining damage which necessitated heaving out for repairs. November 13th, Hawaiian schooner Mary Ellen (formerly Kekauluohi) went ashore at Hanalei in attempting to beat out of the harbor. 'Vas insured for $3500. RAIN RECORD FOR DrH~~~~~~D, ~~u':~:1~: ~u~~n4:r: Jw~i2:':~' w. ~atll:;:'dder, 18"8~'l9. 18'l'9-EO. November 1' P December January February, liiarch April Ilay June July 6.m ~ August September October November Totals for 13 months

69 61 RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR Our retrospect article for 1879 closed with a sad record. The' new year, however, opened with new life and hope, and the weather through all the Islands has been remarkably pleasant throughout, the rainfall being distributed with an evenness quite noticeablewith the exception of an excess reported in the Hilo district during the Summer months. This even distribution of moisture through the year and the continuance of the "trade-winds" with but slight interruptions until the month of October, has given us a uniform temperature attended with little of the sickness that marked the previous year. The sanitary condition of Honolulu has had the attention of the Health authorities, and some of the evils that existed have been materially modified. The necessity of sewerage for Honolulu has been growing upon us more rapidly of late. A report was presented tt) the last Legislature by the MInister of Interior, an appropriation secured, and a special law enacted to meet the case, and it is to be hoped that steps will soon be taken in the matter. Nearly all theperiod under review has been one of peculiar unrest and anxiety, in a political sense mainlyj and in so small a Kingdom its effects soon became apparent. The result of this and also of the continued scarcity of labor for the various agricultural enterprises is, that the Islands have not enjoyed that degree of prosperity which was anticipated, though all else seems to have contributed to our success. ' Elections in the various districts of the Islands for Representatives occurring in February, it became; evident, early'in the yeal", that an influence was at work to defeat the efforts to have men of experience and worth elected to those honorable positions, and to secure the election of those who would be pliant to schemes of crafty lobbyists. It is the more to be regretted that this evil has been growing on the country each session. It was so apparent this xear that the Ministers of Interior and Finance publicly avowed that It was contrary td their advice and counsel. Unfortunately underhanded schemes prevailed, and the session of the Legislature that followed entertained rash measures, voted moneys with recklessness and passed bills that created alarm for the nation's well-being, some of which fortunately failed to receive the Royal signatnre necessary to their becoming law. The "want of confidence" scheme will long be remembered, not only for the failure of the plotters to unseat a Ministry that had the confidence of the moneyed interests of the country, but for the sudden demand for the surrender of their portfolios within an hour of proroguing the Legislature and the substitution therefor of a Cabinet composed of Messrs. Moreno, Bush, Jones, and Kuaea, whose acts, in the short term of their administration, have brought no little complication for the Kingdom of Hawaii among the leading nations. The meetings that followed, expressive of public sentiment, were decided in their tone, and met an almost unanimous response throughout the Islands, which has been echoed back to us from foreign lands,, Petitions were the order of the day, but apparently of no availjund the act of the Ministry in demanding the recall of the representatives of the United States, England, and France, brought the countr.y into international difficulties thatcalled for the ablest and most expel'lenced men in the community to take portfolios as Cabinet Ministers, to retrieve as much as possible the injuries that had been done. The effort made by the purchase of the Commercial Advertiser to make it' the mouthpiece of the late Ministry and nullify opposition, brought'! 'Out the same week the est~blishmentof the Saturday Press, a paper.

70 62 got up virtually by the people, and for the people, and whose outspoken tones, together with the consistent course of the Gazette, have done much to save the country from ignomy and disgrace. Next to our political status labor has been, and promises yet to be, the vital question of these Islands. There have been free arrivals of Chinese, Portuguese, and South Sea Islanders since our last writing, but the demand is not met. There is a prospect of more near at hand, including a number of Norwegians/ which it is hoped will relieve planters of their difficulties. The Chlllese are found to prefer engaging with their own people in the cultivation of rice, rather than to engage on sugar plantations, while the South Sea Islanders have not proved all that was hoped for in them, being unused to the climate and work, and the Portuguese have not been much of a relief to plantations as laborers, they preferring work of other kinds. 'rherefore it is that plantations are finding themselves getting shorter handed each month through expiring contracts failing to be renewed, and no new help coming in to take their places, while wages and advances have been constantly increasing. The most urgent need for labor is felt on all sides,and the Board of Immigration is doing its utmost in the matter, with the possible prospect of looking again to India as a source of relief, which, if obtainable at all, must be at a great expense. Our sugar product this year will probably fall short of the amount that was estimated, from 3000 to 5000 tons, wholly from the abovementioned want of labor; a number of the plantations having had cane ruined in the field for want of hands to care for it, while others have been delayed in their building and getting into working order from the same cause. The necessity of labor-saving machinery is felt on all sides, and where practicable, steam plowing and traction engines are being introduced, reducing materially the hands and saving in cattle and pasture land formerly required for this class of work. Our sugar interest therefore shows no material extension from last year's list, and while all of the new large mills will be in.complete working order, yet in view of the universal want of labor it is considered by the best authority on these matters safe to place the estimate of tbe sugar crop of at about tons. With the prospect of 3000 Chinese and other laborers which are shortly expected, ourplantations ought to yield more, and probably will. The rice crop is rapidly extending, but confined principally to the Islands of Oahu and Kauai, lands suitable for which have been leased at exorbitant rates. The export for ten months to November 1st, 1880, was 4,726,840 pounds, about equal to last year's full export. We have not been able to arrive at a correct estimate of the yield for the coming year. It is noticeable that since the perfection of the two steam rice mills in this city tbe shipment of paddy has ceased entirely, all exports being of polished No.1 grade that compares favorablx in the American markets with No.1 Carolina. At present writing preparations are under way for another steam rice mill, near the Custom House, by Chinese parties. The foreign shipping interests for the year has continued favorable, as was reported in our last issue, with the same marked preference of trade with San Francisco as then shown. Out of a total of 235 arrivals from November 1st, 1879, to November 1st, 1880, 92 were from San Francisco; and of the 330 departures for the same period, 98 were for the same port. Tbis includes 11 arrivals and 10 departures via Kahului, Maui, and Hilo, Hawaii. This steady trade with San Francisco has virtually closed out the Oregon line that ran between Honolulu and Portland for so many years, our business now with all ports north of San Francisco.being for lumber, for which there is a large and steady demand.. \

71 63 The business of Honolulu has been quiet and uneventful this year, with little importation of heavy machinery, etc., for agricultural development, the bulk of imports being goods for actual consumption. And it is a noticeable fact that we import nearly everything that we eat, drink, wear or use, and San Francisco is our principal source of supply. There was a time when certain districts furnished the market with potatoes} corn, wheat, and many other commodities, and local mills suppliea us with flour, meal, and bran, while the graziers and mall farmers supplied our need of meats, fowls, butter, eggs, etc., and early export lists show sweet and Irish potatoes, oranges, cattle, horses, mules, etc., to have figured largely therein; but to-day the tables are turned against us. 'Ve are producers and exporters of sugar, rice, and a few other minor articles, but importers of all else. By courtesy of Collector-General W. F. Allen, we find our imports for the nine months of 1880, endingseptember30th, tobe $2,370, Of this amount $964, was for dutiable goods, $162, bonded, $1,179, free by treaty, and $84, free by Civil Code, as also specie to the amount of $395, Last year for the same period our imports were $2,460, San Francisco claims to have furnished the Isl:mds in the ten months ending November 1st with miscellaneous merchandise to the amount of $1,595,311. Our total exports for the same period we find to be $3,974,311 72, which shows a gain over last year's similar period. A very important and interesting feature fully developed this year has been the success in artesian well boring on the properties of Messrs. Marques and Judge MCCullY near Honolulu, both of whom have obtained excellent flowing weils. Boring is now going on at different parts of the plains, Honolulu, and at Waianae and Waimanalo on Oahu, as also on Maui and Kauai. The credit, however, for the pioneer in this heretofore questionable and expensive undertaking is due to Mr. James Campbell, who inaugurated well-boring the year previous on his Honouliuli property, Ewa. - 'We take pleasure in recording the organization of the Hawaiian Railroad Company to facilitate the opening up of the windward districts of Hawaii, and that Mr. S. G. 'Vilder has taken the matter in hand to put it through early from Niulii, to near Mahukona, Kohala, contemplating a branch also to the Hamakua district. Of Captain Hobron's Wailuku Railroad, Maui, we learn it is his intention to carry it beyond Hamakuapoko into Makawao proper at an early date. Building improvements in Honolulu have continued through the year with unabated activity, both in wooden and more substantial brick edifices. principal of- which is the Palace and Music Hall. Store extensions have been frequent, especially in the Chinatown districts in Nuuanu, King, Hotel, and Maunakea streets. Cottages have been erected in all parts of the town, and new styles seem to be- the order. The most noticeable improvements undertaken and in contemplation are on the plains to the east of Honolulu proper. This has given steady employment to our mechanics throughoutjjorwhich fair rates of wages have ruled. i. Real estate has kept at full figures throughout the yearfor Honolulu property, though a number of foreclosed parcels situate in other parts. of the Islands several weeks since were sadly sacrificed. Building lots on the plains sold at auction by the Government the past Summer averaged over $500, the lots ranging about 100 feet frontage by 150 feet in depth... Honolulu has been whqliy free from fires the past year, and with, the newly-appointed Fire Marshal carrying out the rules of the Fire Department, liabilities to conflagrations are being lessened.

72 64 The table of exports for the three quarters of 1880 as compared with the same period of 1879, on page 25, shows a slight gain in value, but with our list principally confined to sugar and rice. Coffee is on the wane, and reports from its districts speak disparagingly of its prospects. \Vool continues about the same, while pulu-once "King"-hr now but little known. Our coasting fleet this year has proved fully equal to all demands thereon, and a glance at our Marine Casualties for the year-page 60 shows a smaller list of misfortunes than usual in this branch of our service. The table of Hawaiian Registered Vessels, on page 55, shows, a slight increase both in sailing and steam coasters. Honolulu now enjoys steam communication with nearly all ports of the Kingdom, Kauai being favored with two regular packets each week. We learn that another-steamer is contemplated shortly, to be placed on the Kan route; to bring that distant portion of His Majesty's domains in weekly communication with the metropolis. At present writing the principal business houses of Honolulu, as also a number of private residences, are being connected by the Central Telephone System. This is a Chartered Joint Stock Company, working under the Bell patents with Blake transmitters} for which subscribers pay a monthly rental of six dollars. As the hnes extend and patrons increase, its advantages will be considerably enhanced. Maui has its telegraph and telephone lines, and Kauai has secured a charter for a telephone line also. \Ve record here, in closing, the recent eruptions of Mauna Loa, the first of which occurred November 5th, 1880, near the summit, on the eastern side, with flows running down the northeast slope to the plateau towards Hilo, and a branch running in the direction of Puna. A second outbreak took place November 24th, a little to the east of the first. It is reported to be the most violent eruption known to present inhabitants, but fortunately doing but little damage so far, as its course follows the flow of Kilauea has also partaken of renewed activity, overflowing the south lake and breaking out in another locality. Visitors who have availed themselves of this opportunity to witness Madam"Pele" in her wrath speak in glowing terms of its grandeur. Later accountij, however, report indications of its quieting. KOTE.-Thanks to the liberal advertising patronage which the Annual enjoys, and the growing demand necessitating constantly increltsing editions the publisher is enabled to increase its letterpress without any alteration in price. While this issue is a few pages less than last, it is nevertheless fuller in material, and about double the size of our first issue. It shall be our aim to show our appreciation of the acceptance of these labors, and make it in every way worthy the confidence and support of the public. \Vith this plan in view we have in preparation several articles to give it additional interest and enhance its value not only to residents here, but to readers abroad. Back numbers can be had at any time from 1875-its first issueprice fifty cents per copy. Orders from abroad must include ten cents each for postage. A few copies bound-from 1875 to 1879, inclusiveare still on hand, price $3; mailed to the other Islands $3 20, or abroad $3 40. Remittancescan.be made in stamps, or U. S.currency.

73 65 HAWAIIAN REGISTER AND DIRECTORY FOR 1881,. THE COURT. Hr8 MAJESTY, KALAKAUA, b. November 16, 1836; elected February 12, 1874, and Inau gurated February 13,1874. Son of Kapaakea and Keohokalole. Her Majesty the QUEEN.b. Decem'>er 31, DEPARTMENT OF.roDI~IARY. Chief Justice Hon C C Harris First Associate Justice Hon A F Judd Second Associate Jnstice..Hon L MCCUlla Clerk J EBarnar Deputy Clerk A Rosa TERMS oj' SUPREME COURT: Sitting at Honolulu, First Mondayin January, April, JulY,and October. Circuit Judges. 1st Circnit, Oahn..,0-Cilfthe Judges of the Supreme Court. Her Royal Highness the Princess LILIUO KALANI. Heir Apparent, b. September 2, 1838; m. September 16, 1862, to his Excel lency ;Tohn Owen Domlnis. Governor of Oahu, K. G. C. ofthe Royal Orders ofkamehameha and Kalakaua; Kt. Com. of the Or. ders of Francis Joseph andlsabella CatoUca; Member of the House of Nobles and of the Privy Council of State, etc. Proclaimed Heir 2d Circuit, Maul. Hon A Fomander App.arent to the Throne, April 11, d Circuit, Hawall..HGllSFS Lyman, CFHart Her Royal IJIghness the Princess LIKE.,thCircuit, Kaual Hon J Hardy LIKE, b. January 13, 1851; m. September TERMS OF CmemT eourt: 22, 1870, to the Honorable Archibald Scott 2d Circuit, (Maul), 1stTuesday.ofJune and ~~t Clegborn, K. G. C. of the Royal Orders.of Tuesday of December; 3d Kanlehameha and Kalakaua; Member of CIrcuit, (Hawan), at Waimea. 1st Tuesday of Novemb~r; House of Nobles and of the PrIvy Council of!it State; has Issue Her Royal HIghness the Hilo 1st Tuesday of May;' 4th CirCUIt.. Princess Victoria-Kawekiu-Kalulani-Lunall_ (Kauai). 1st Tuesday of February and August CLERKS oj' CIRCUIT COURT.' Io-Kalaninuiahilapalapa. b. October Her :li!ajesty the Dowager Queen EMMA. b. W 0 January 2, 1836; Atwater 2d Circuit; D H Hitchcock. 1st 111. to Kamehameha IV. June Clerk 3d circuit, F Spencer 2d Clerk; ]' Her Royal Hip;hness RUTH KEELIKOLANI, Bindt. 4th Circuit. sister to Their late Maiesties Kamehameha District Justices. IV. and V.; b. Febrnary OAHU.. His Majesty's Chamberlain. Hon. C. H. JUDD. R F Bickerton, P J; W L Wilcox,. Deputy _. Hon~nlu HIS MAJESTY'S STAFF. W G Needham _ wa. Colonels W F Allen. Ed Hoffmann. C H Jndd. S W Kaaiholei Waianae C P lankea, and J H Boyd. J Kaluhl Wahilua and Koolauloa. Staff of the Governor or Oahu. J L Kaulukou Koolaupoko MAUl. liajors Gao W Macfarlane, Chas T Gnlick, H Kuihelani, P J* _ Wail~~~ and ~apt Antone Rosa. W F Mossman Maka S W Kaal. Hana and Ka'!po HOUSE OF NOBLES. D Kamaiopl1l; P J _ Lahama. His Ex J 0 Dominis; Hons S K Kaal, J M M Kealoha ; Honuaul~ Kapena, S G Wilder, P Kanoa, CR BIshop. S K Kupihea Moloku H A Kahanu, W T Martin, J P Parker Ii S Kahoohalahala Lanai, Knihelanl, J MoananU. J I Dowsett, J.. S *E H Rogers, acting.. Cleghorn. P lbenburg, SNCastle,GRhodes KAUAI. Ih J M Smith, C H Judd, J E BU&h. R S IIapuku L ne The Cabinet Mlni.ters hold seats In the House A W Maioho Koloa. or Nohles.z officio. J Kakanl. Hanalei and Anahola F Sinclalr* NI,Ihau. THE KING'S CABINET. J Kauai, PJ WaI.mca. HIs I1IAJESTY, THE KING. Jas K Kaiwl Kawllihau, Nimsler of Interior His Ex HAP Carter *G Gay, acting. Minislel offinance Hls Ex J S Walker HAWAlll... H'I Minister of For. Affairs..Hls Ex W L Green P Haupu North I <» Attorney-General..His Ex W N Armstrong GW A Hapal.PJ HlIo J P Miau Hamakua PRIVY COUNCIL OF STATE. J Makalmoku Naeole Puna. J H S Martin Kau HIS I1fAJESTY. THE KING. J G Hoaplll North andsollth Kona Their Ex. W L Green. HAP Carter. J S P Kamakaala* North Kohaln.. W"lker. W N Armstrong. J 0 Dominis' S H Mahnka South Kohala *D S Kahookann, acting.. Hons S G Wilder. J!I Kapena, S K Kaal, P Kauo!i. E HAllen. E 0 Hall, J M Smith, W J SmIth. C C Harris. A F Jndd, C R Bishop. A S Cleghorn, S N Castle, W C Parke, C Ii Judd, mann W P Wood, G Rhodes, H J.. Wide. H III Whitney, H A Kahanu Kawalnui. J Moanau1JJ L McCully Ii Stir. J U ling, W FAllen, D Kahanu. M Kuaea, D Leleo Klnlmaka, :II! Mahuka, William Bnckle,.r E Bush, W l\[ Gibsou. C H JUdd, Secretary. GOVERNORS. Governor of Oahn, His-Ex J o Domlnls. Reei - dence. Washln~ton Place. Honolulu.. Governor of MaUl. His Ex J 0 Dominis, Governess ofhawaii, II H Kekall1ike. Resi.., dence, Hllo., Clerk, F S Lyman. Governor of Kaual. His Ex F' W Beckley. Eesldence, Koloa. Kaual.

74 66 HAWAIIAN REGISTER AND DIRECTORY FOR INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. Commissioners of Fences. Minister ofinteriol' His Ex HAP Carter HAWAn. Chief Clerk of Dept J A Hassinger liilo..c E Richardson, J Keahl, S L Austin, IJlerks-J S Smithies, J H Boyd, S Weynton R A Lyman, K Paulo Registrar of Conveyances......T Brown Hamakua...J R Mills, J K Kaunamano Assistant Registrar G Brown North and South Kona...M Barrett, H Sun'eyor Ueneral W D Alexander Cooper, Kapae, J W Smith Assistant Surveyor C J Lyons North Kohala Kamahu, J Wood Postmaster-General AP Brickwood South Kohala J Parker, S H Mahukll First Clerk, PO _ LPDu Bois Kau...W T Jllartln, C N Spencer, S Kawaa, Supt. Public Works R Stirling DWKaaemokn Supt. Water Works.. G D Freeth MAUl. Clerk of Water Works W Anld :Makawao...C II Dickey, D Crowningbnrg, l' Nnl Hana C K Kakanl, M Pupuhl, D Puhi MOLOKAI R W Meyer, S Paulo, R Newton OAHU. Kona...C J Lyons, J Moanauli, D Kahanu, Board of Health. His Ex II A P Carter Presldent Members-His Ex J S Walker. Hon C H Judd, Hon J JlIoanaull, Hon S G Wilder. J A Has8Iu~er Secretary Port PhysicIan, F B Hutchinson, JlI D TRAVELING PHYSICIANS-Kohala, Hawaii, L s.. Thompson; Physician to the Leper Set tlement, JlIolokal, Dr Chas Neilson; Kau, H N Vlneberg; Hamakna, G B Greenfield; \Yailuku. F HEndel's; l.ahaina, --; Makawao, A C :>taudart; Kaual, J K Smith; Honolulu, N B Emerson...A.e:ents.,-T W Everett, Maul. L Severance. liawal!. S W Wllcox J Kaual. D Dayton, Oahu; J H. Brown. lor Honolulu. R W ]lleyer. Jllolokal. Hawaiian Board of Health. ColouelC HJudd President Members..~ E P Edwards, J Moanauli Commissionen of Crown Lands. HAP Carter, J S Walker. C IIJudd, Agent. Appraisers of Lands subject to Government Commutation. Hawaii R A Lpnan, J H Nawahl Maul, Molokai, and Lanal...T W Everett, L Aholo, D Kahalllelio. Oahu..J S Smithies, C Brown,RFBickerton Kaual...J Hardy, P KaliOa, J H Wana Commissioners of Boundaries. Hawaii. R A Lyman Maul, Molokal, and Lanal...L Aholo Oahu R F Bickerton Kauai J Hardy J S Smithies EWH aud Walanae Kaikanahaole,. S Prevlere, S Gandall. Walalua H Warden, J Amara, J F AnderilOn Koolauloa Kaluhi, Nal1l,W GLane Koolanpoko W E PII, G Barenaba, C If Jndd KAUAI. Moloa and L1hue...W H Rice. BKaieo. Pahuwal Agents to Acknowledge Contracts for Labor. Oahu-Honolulu...C T GUllc.~: J U Kawai.. nul, J A HaBslnger, w Auld, S ]I{ Carter Walalna...C II Kalama, S NEmerson, H N Kahulu: Koolauloa W C Lane Koolaupoko G Barenaba, E P Edward. Ewa and Walanae S Kaanaana, J D Holt: Hawall-Hilo L Severance, J H Pahio, S K Mahoe, D K Pa Kona...K Kamanoha, J \V Smith Hamakua...J K Ka;malllano, R P Kulkahl, G W Wilfong, S F Chilllngworth North Kohala...Chas L Hopkins, John Maguire. South Kohala...G Bell, J Jones Kan...J Kauballe, J N Kapahu, WW Goodale PlIna J N Kamoku JlIanl-J,ahama K Nahaolelua, L Aholo Walluku..J W Kalua, G E Boardman Makawao G Gleudon, Jas Smyth Hana Kahele opio, J K Hanuna Molokai and Lanal..J W M Poohea, G Keklpl Kaual-Koloa J D Neal, W II Deverill, Kn Lihue J B Hanaike Hanalei J Kaae, J W Loka Waimea M Kamalenai, J Noddles Kawaihau..T Kalaeone, J M Kealoha,J Mahoe Nlihau., Kaomea... Road Supervisors. Hawau-Hllo J F Jordan North Kohala J Smith Sonth Kohala S P Wahlnenui North Kona J W Smith South Kona H Cooper Kau ' W T Martin Hamakua.....Charlcs Williams Puna JF Jordan Maui-Lahaina D Tayl"r \Valluku H A Luscomb Hana Makawao J Keohokaua Molokal. J Lima Lanai.. Henry Gibson Oahu-Kona C W Hart Kaual-Walmea and Nlihau V Knudsen Koloa J Hardy Lihue and Kawaihau S W Wilcox Jnspector General of Schools lianalel C Bertlemlln Secretary Board of Education President... " Hon C R Bisho!> Jllembers-J M Smith, Hons G Rhodes, E 0 Hall, J U Kawllinul. D D Baldwin W J Smltb

75 67 HAWAIIAN REGISTER AND DIRECTORY FOR Agents to take Acknowledgments to Instruments. Mluister of ForAffairs....His Ex W L Green DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS. Hawaii-W C Bordeu, Hilo district; J W Secretary ofdept Curtis P lauke&. Smith, C N Spencer, J Kauhane, F Spencer, L.Ii: Swain, IIi, Kahookano, J R Mills, HAWAIIAN DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR AGENTS. G Bell, C Meinecke, Kapahll Mini.kr Resident. Malli-H Dickenson, T W.li:verett, C K Kakani, P N Makee, J D. Havekost, T N Charges d',affairuand Cbn.ul. General. Washington, D C liis Ex E HAllen Birch, R Newton, Kaiua New York : ; E R Allen, jr MoJokai-R W Meyer, S K Knpihea, J W Loudou, Eugland M HopkInS Nakuina Paris, France..... W W Martin Oahu-,W C Lane, S N Emerson, G Barcnaba, Germany... J C Pfluger C Brown, J S Kaamaana, Kaliko Lima Peru R II Beddy Kanai-F Blndt, S W Wilcox, G N Wileox, Valparaiso. Chile D Thomas C Bertlemen, W H Deverill Cbn.ul. General. Nlihau-C Kaheie HongkonKand Macao, China...W Keswick Syduey,.N S W.A S Webster Commissioners of Private Ways and Yokohama, Japan 11 P Lillibridge Water Rights. Sweden and Norway H A Biirger HAWAII. Brussels, BelO'...Ferd de Cannart d'hamale Copenhagen,'henmark... Julius Holmblad Hllo... D Keawehano, Kamai Hamakna...T F Mullis, J K Kaunamano, Cbn.uls, d!c. J RMllIs. San Francisco, Cal H W Severance North and Sonth Kohala...J Smith, S C Portland, Oregon... ;. J McCraken Luhiau, Z Kalai.... Boston, Mass E 1<! Brewer Kau...C N Spencer, J Kanhane, J H S Liverpool, England RC Janion Martin Falmouth, England.. W H Broad MAUL. Ra!l!s~ate,E'!gland '. A l? Hodges AUCKland, N Z,..D B Crmckohank Lahalna. M Makalua., L.Aholo, D Taylor Melbourne,.Victoria,.....G N Oakley W81luku...II W Damels, N Kapoikal, H Newcastle.tNSW.. EA White Kulhelanl Otago, N II Driver Makawao...J Keohokau8., Kekaha, J M Panama, R E Cooke Alexander Victoria, B C R P Rithet IIana O Unna. C K I{akanl, 8 W Kaal Vienna, Austria V Schonberger Kaanapali J A Kaukau, J F KauJia, D II Glasgow, Scotiand J Dunn Kaialillii Cork, Ireland W D Seymour MOUlI<Al F W Beckley, L Leparte, D Kailua Marseilles, France A Couve OAHU. Havre, France ;..L de ~landrot Kona...D Kahanu, J Moanauh, D K Fyfe Bordeaux, France E de Boissae Koolaupoko e H Judd, Kane, G Barenaba Genoa, Italy R de Luchi Koolauloa W C Lane, Naill, J Kaluhi Callao, Pcru S Crosby Waialua J F Andersoll, S }l Emerson, J Yokohama. Japan Vice Con, R W Irwin Kaiaikawaha Hiogo, Japan Vice ConSUl, B R Lewis Ewa and Waianae..S Kaanaana, A Kaollko, Nagasaki, Japan C L Fisher H U Maki Kobe and Osaka, Japan. Vice Con S Endicott KAUAl, Edinburgh and Leith, :Scotl'd E G Buchanan Grand Dnchy of Baden Baden H Miiller Puna...S W Wllcox, D Keahthula, A W Queensland. Auotralia H A Thompson Maioho Hamburg, Germany F W Weber. Waimea G B Rowell, V Knudsen, Kuhaoa Antwerp, Bclgium ; V Forge, jr. Hanalei C Titcomb, A S Wilcox, Z Seka Board of ImmiRTation, HI. Ex HAP Carter ; President Members-'l'heir En J S Walker, W L yrj~iihhon A F Judd, J M Kapena, W J S Smithies ; Secretary Notaries Pablie, Hawaii-Hllo D H Hitchcock Maui-Haiku C H Dickey Makawao W H Halstead Oahn-Honolulu J H Paty., T Brown, C 'I' Gulick, C Brown, W R CasUe Kauai-Waimea V Knudsen Rouen, France C Schre8s1er Bremen J F Miiller ~:~&:fr~re:..:::::::::::::::::':::j' iiu~~h~:o':: Fayal, Azores T F Serpa Tasmania A Coote Hull. Englaud 'V Moran Cardiffand Swausea II Goldberg Lysckil, Sweden...V Ice Consul, H Bergstrom Jduit...Commercial Agent, J II Hernshein Ghent Ernest C Delebecque Foreign Representatives-Diplomatic. United States, Mimster Resident, His Ex Jas M Comly. Residence. corner of Judd and Liliha streets. En,gland, Commissioner and Consul General, James 11ay Wodehou... Residence, Emma Chamber of Commerce. street. President S N Castle France, ACting Consul and Commissioner, J L Vice President ; C R Bishop Ratard. Residence, School street. Secretary and Trensurer...AJ Cartwright E Purvis. Acting ChancellorFrench Legation.-

76 f 68 HAWAllAN REGISTER AND DIRECTORY FOR Foreign Consuls, Etc. United State. (Acting)... F P Hasting. US Vice Con.nl. F P Ha\;tingl British Vice Con.u!. T H Davie. Austro.Hungarian E Holfmann M D Netherland l J H Pat Belgium (actidlr) f Y Italy F A Scha~fer Peru AJ Cartwright Chile.: 08 Bartow German Empire J C Glade Sweden and Norway,.... J C Glade Ru.sia, VIce Con.ul J W P1Iuger Portuga! J Perry Japan Commercial Agent J 0 Carter Denmark (Hana, Mani) A Unna Denmark (Acting) H R Macfarlane US Con.ular Agent (i111o) T!;pencer Spain R W Laine Chinese Commercial Agent... Chung Fang U S C~n.ular Agent...(Kahului)...AF Hopke MAUL DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE. Lahaina and Lanai R Newtou Minister of Finance...Hi. Ex J S Walker Wailukn HA Kinuey Hana S W Kaai ~fi~~[~~3~;;'~~l~f~~~~~~~:::::: wgl.m~~ lifakawao H P Baldwin Deputy ColIector E R Hendry Molokai R W Meyer Harbor Master of Honolulu...Capt ~FulIer OAHU. capt. A McIntyre, Pilots In Honolulu... { W Babcock, and Honoluln, Ewa, and Waianae W J Smith P P Shepherd Waialua J F A.nder.on Port Surveyor...;...W A Markham KooJanloa W C Lane Koolaupoko : Rev J Mannel Honolulu Fire Department. KAUAI. Organized Annual Election ofengineer. Waimea and Nlihau V Knud.en ]<'ir.t Monday 10 June. Officers for 1&l(}-1. Koloa Rev J W Smith Chief Engineer G Lues. Koloa, Koolna, and Hanalei...8 W Wilcox First Assistant Engineer J Nott Second Assistant Engineer Jsme.Dodd Life, Fire a.ud MarineInsurance Agencies Secretary and Treasurer..C T Gulick Fire Marshal J W McGuire FIremen'. Fund Bi.hop & Co Liverpool & London & Globe Blshop & Co AnnnalParade Day ofdepartment... Feb 3d Eqnitable Life A J Cartwright IIonolulu Engine Company No 1 (steam), Imperial Fire : A J Cartwright formed 1850, organized July18,1855. Annnal New Elli'land Mutual Life Ca.tle & Cooke election of officere,1irst Wedne.day in July. Union, San Francisco Ca.tle & Cooke Mechanic Engine Company No 2. organized British and Foreign Marine... 1.' H Davies December, 1850, admitted February 3, Northern Fire and Life...'1' H Davies Annual election of officers, 1Irst Wednesday Rhelni.h Westphalian Lloyd J C Glade in February. Aachen and Lc:psic.1 C Glade Hawaii Engine Co No 4, organized February Califoruia Marine H Hackfeld & Co Annual election of officers, 1Ir.t Tues. North German Fire H Hackfeld & Co day in February. Trans Atlantic Fire H Hackfeld & Co China Engine Company No 5 (steam), organ. Swiss Lloyd Fire H Hackfeld & Co ized February, New York Life II Hackfeld & Co Pacific Ho.e Company No 1, organized Janu Nor Br & Merc'l F & L...Hoffschlaeger & Co ary, 1861, as Engine Company No 3, changed Northwe.tern Mutual Life...J is Walker to a Ho.e Company December 14, An. Swi.s IJoyd Marine.... J S Walker nual election of officers,.econd Monday in Union Fire ofnew Zealand J S Walker January. HamburJ( Magdebnrg Fire, A Jaeger Protection Hook and Ladder Company No 1, Magdeburg General Marine A Jaeger. re-organized September, Ann!:al elec Manhattan Life J H Paty tion of officer.; firet Monday in September. Hamburg-Bremen Fire F A Schaefer & Co FIRB WABD8 01' HONOLULU. Ward No 1-Comprise. all that portion North of Fort Street, and makai of Hotel Street. Ward No 2-Compri.e. ali that portion South of Fo!t Street, and makai of Hotel Street..Ward No 3-Compri.e. all that portion North of Fort Street, and mauka of Hotel Street. Ward No 4-.Compri.e. all that portion South of Fort Street, and mauka of Hotel Street. \}Vard No 5-Ves.el. in Harbor ot Honolulu. DEPARTMENT OF ATTORNEY GENERAL. Attorney General...IIis Ex W N Arm.trong Clerk to Attorney-General..... Mar.hal of the Hawaiian I.land..W C Parke Deputy Mar.ha!..' David Dayton Sheriffof HawaiI. L Severanc," Sheriff of Maui. T W Everett Sheriff of Kaual. '" S W Wilcox Jailor of Oahn Pri.on D K Fyfa SchDol Agents in Commission, HAWAII. Hllo L Severance ~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::~ IfvS~ij':~~ South and North Kona H N Greenwell South Kohala RevL Lyon. North Kohala E N Dyer Hamakua Rev J Bicknell German Lloyd Marlne F A Schaefer & Co Fortuna Marine F A Schaefer & Co Mutuai Life ofnew york Wilder & Co On 'l'ai Marine Chulan & Co Sailors' Home Society Organized Meets annually In December. President 8 N Ca.& Sec'y...F A Schaefer I Trea... C R Bi.hop Ex Com-E 0 Hall. P C JQnes, S C Damon (

77 69 HAWAIIAN REGISTER AND DIRECTORY FOR 1881; Volunteer Military Companies. Prince's Own-Artillery; Hls :Majesty, Maj; C P Iaukea, Adj; H Kaaha, Capt Leleiohoku Guard-Cavalry...Makanul, Capt ~ Hawaiian Guards, Co A Hawaiian Guards, Co B Mamalahoa C T Gnlick, Capt C BWllson Capt W P Wood Queen's Hospital. Erected In President HIS MAJESTY THE KING Vlce-Presldent. C C Harris Secretary.. F A Schaefer Trea'llrer J H Paty Auditor E P Adams Physlcians...R :McKibbin, F B Hutchinson EXECUTIVE COMMlTTEE-C R Bishop. J 11 Paty, F A Schaefer, A J Cartwright. A S Cleghorn. LODGES. Ls!'ROGRES DE L'OCEANIE, No. 124, A F & A M; meets on King St, on the last Monday in each month. HAWAIIAN, No 21, F & A M; meets In its Hall cornel Queen and Fort Streets, on the first Monday in each month. ROYAL ARCH CHAPTER; meets In the hall of Le Progres de roceanie every third Thurs day of each month. COMMANDERY No 1 KNIUHTS TEMPLAR; meets at the Lodge Room of Le Progres de l'oceanie second Thursday of each month. KAMEIlAMEHA LODGE OJ!' PERJ!'ECTION No 1, A & A S R; meets in the hall of Le Progres de 1'0ceanie every fourlh Thursday of each month. NUUANU CHAPTER OJ!' ROSE CROIX, No.1, A & A S R. meets at the Hall of Le Progres de 1'0ceanie, first Thursday In the month. ALEXANDER LmOLlHo COUNCIL OJ!' KADOSH ; meets on the thild Monday of alternate months from February. EXCELSIOR No 1, I 0 of 0 F; meets at the hall In Odd Fellows' Building, Oll Fort St, every Tuesday evening. HARMONY LODGE, No.3. I 0 of 0 F; meets each Thursday In the liall ot Excelsior Lodge. POLYNESIAN ENCAMPMENT No 1, 10 of 0 F' meets at Odd Fellows' llall, first and third Fridays of each month. OAHU Lo~GE' No 1. K of P ;'meets every Wednesday at Hall on Hotel Street. HAWAIIAN TRIBE, No 1. Imp 0 R M; meets at the hall of Oahu Lodge. K of P, every Friday evening. COURT LUNALILO, No 6600, A'O of Foresters; meets at hall of Oahn Lodge, K of P, on secondand fonrth Tuesdays of each month. Strangers' Friend Society. Or~anized Annual meeting In June. President Mrs 8 C Damon Vice-Presidents-MrsC R Bishopand Mrs T H Hobron. Sec'y...Mrs L Smith I Treas.Mrs S E Bishop Directress Mrs A Mackintosh British Benevolent Society. Organized Meets annually May 24. President J H Wodehouse Vice President Rev A Mackintosh Sec y...j S Smithies I Treas...A S Cleghorn Ex Uommittee..G Rhodes, G Lucas. A Young British Club. Organized Premises ou Union Street, two doors beiow Beretania. President..... A S CIE!lj'horn Sec'y G Brown I Treas tt May Managers-A S Cleghorn. Godfrey Brown, H Macfarlane. American Relief Fund. Organized Meets annually February 22 President: A J Cartwright Vlce President Rev S C Damon Secretary and Treasurer ;. C R Bishop Mechanics' Benefit Union. Organized Pres : R GreyIVicc-P.J W McGuire 8ec'y Wm Auld Treas...J S Lemon German Benevolent Society. Organized August 22, President H W Schmidt Secretary Max Eckart Treasurer J F Hackfeld Library and Reading Room Association. Organized March 1, Incorporatcd June 24,1879 President A S Hartwell Vice-President Dr C M Hyde Sec'y..II A Parmelee I Treas A L Smith Directors-A J Cartwright, T G Thrum, Dr C T Rodgers, H R Hollister. W Hill R F Bickerton. 8 B Dole. J Ashworth, W JOhnsona St.' Antonio Benevolent Society. Organized December, Presldent J Perry Vice-President M B SlIvar.. Sec Joe Enos I 'l'reas J!tobello German Benefit Union. Or~anized February, President M Eckart Sec H J Nolte I Treas C Ilolte Deutscher Verein. Organized President J C Glade Vice President W Schmidt Secretary and Treasurer..... P Opfergelt Hooulu Lahui Benevoleut Society. Organized President 0011 M THE QUEEN Treasurer Mrs J G Dickson Amateur Musical Society. Organized Re-organlzed President Dr J M Smith Vice-Prcsldent J C Glade :1llusical Director A T Atkinson Leader ; R Berger 'l reas C M Cooke I Sec...W W Hall

78 70 HAWAIIAN REGISTER AND DIRECTORY FOR Oahu College. Looated at Punahon, two miles east of Honolulu. Prp.sident Rev W L Jonts. A M In.tructor in Languages... 1' E Adam. First Assistant Mlss Winter Second As.istant Miss Royce Teacher of Music Mr. J E Hanford 'reacher of Drawlng MI E C Jone. Matron :...., Mrs W L Jones Board of Hawaiian Enngelic&l Association.. Originally organl2:ed Cons.titution revised Ann l.meet'~.tune. Pre.ldent Rev ruoan Vice-Pre.ident Rev W Frear Corre.pondingSe'Cretary Rev A 0 Forbe. Recording Secretary Rev C M Hyde, D D Trea.urer...E O.l1a11 1Auditor...P C Jones Ladies' Benevolent Society of Fort Street Church. 0'15anized Meet. annnally In April. President Mr. W FAllen Vice-Prcsident Mr. W W liall Sec y..mi H S Jndd I Trea Mr. PC Jones Directre :ftlr. E 0 Hall Young Men's Christian Association. Organized Annnal meetin'" In April. Pre.ident Dr J'M Whitney Vice-Pre.ident....E C Damon Sec y...w Kinney I Treas. Chao PeteI'llon Mission Children's Society. Organized Annual Meetlng;ln Jnne. President Prof W D Alexander Vice-President I1on A F Judd Rccording Secretary F J Lowrey Cor Secretary Mi M A Chamberlain Home Cor Secretary Mr. M Benfield Electivellemb..Mrs S E Bi.hop, P C Jone. Trea.urer W W Hall Boards of Underwriters-Ag3ncies. Boston..... C Brewer & Co Philadelphia C Brewer & Co New YOl"k ~ A J Cartwrilfht Liverpool T H DaVie. Lloyd.-London T II Davie. San Francl.co H Hackfeld & Co Bremen,Dre.den, Vienna.....F A Schaefer Anniversaries. New year Jannary 1 Birth of tho Q.ueen of Great Brltain May 24 In Memory of Kamehameha I June 11 American Independence July 4 Birth of Hi. ~bijesty the King November 16 Recognition Haw Independence.November 28 Christmas December 25 Packet Agencies. Uoston Packet C Brewer & Co Planter.' Line (S F)..C Brewer & Co Spreckels Line.... " W G Irwin & Co llerchants' Line (S F) Ca.Ue & Cooke New York Line Castle & Cooke LiverpOOl & Glasgow. G W Macfarlane & Co Pacific Mail S S Co II Hackfeld & Co Bremen Packets II Hackfeld & Co Hawaiian Packet Line H Hackfcld & Co Maile Social Club. Organized January 10, President E R Hendry Vice-Presldent E Holdsworth Sec. W II Giffard I Treas.J I Dowsett,Jr Places of Worship. BETHE];. CHURCH (Congregational), corner of King and Bethel streets, Rev S e Damon, D D. Pastor. Services every Sunday at 11 A M. Sunday-school meets at M. ".30.. Prayer M~etlng Wednesday evenings at FORT-STREET CHURCH (Congregational). corner of Fort and Beretania streets, Rev W Frear. Pastor. Services every Sunday at 11 A M and 7\1, P M. Snnday-.chool meets one hour before morning service. Prayer Meeting Wedne.day evenings at and Snnday evening. at ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, Fort street, near Beretania; Rt Rev L Maigret, Lord Bishop of Arathea; Rev Abbe Modesto and Rev Father Hermann, assisting. Services every Sunday at 5 and 10 A M. and at 4Yt P )I. Low Mass every day at 6 and 7 A M. High Mas. Sundays and Saints' day. at 10 A M. CHRI8'rIA.N CHINESE CHURCH, Fort street, Sit Moon, Acting Pastor. Service. every Sunday at A M and 7.30 P M. Prayer lieeting Wednesday. at 7.30 P M. EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Emma Square; Rt Rev Bishop of Honolulu omclating. a.slsted by Rev A Macintosh and Rev T Blackbnrn. Service.in English every Snnday at 6.3U and 11 A M. and., Yo P M. Service. in Hawaiian every Suuday at 9 A)[ and 3\1, P )I. Sunday-school meet. one honr before English morning service. NATIVE CHURCHES. KAWAIAHAO CHURCH (Oongregational). c"rncr of King and Punchbowl.treet Rev H H Parker. Pa.tor. Services In Hawaiian every Sunday at 11 A M, and at 7.30 on Sunday evenmgs alternating with Kanmakapilt Sunday-school at 1U A M. Prayer Meeting every Wedne.day at 7.30 P M. KAUMAKAPILI CHURCH (Congre$ational). Beretania street, near MuunaKea. Rev M Kuaea. Pa.tor. Service. in Hawaiian every Sunday at loy.... M. and at 7y' P M on Sunday evening. alternating with Kawaiahao. Sundar-.chool at 9Yt A M. Prayer Meeting every Wedne.day at 7Ys P M. l'ublications. The Gazette, i.sned every Wedne.day morning. R Grieve. Publisher and Proprietor. The Saturday Press. I ued every Saturday morning. Thoma. G Thrum, Busine.s Manager.. The Advertiser, i.sued every Satnrday morn. Ing. W M Gibson, Editor and Publisher. The Friend, i ued on the first of each month. Rev S C Damon, Seamen'. Chaplain. Editor and Publl.her. The Hawaii Pae Aina (native). I.sued every Saturday morning. J U Kawainul, Publi.her and Editor. The Kuokoa (native). I ued every Saturday morning. Rev H H Parker, Pnblisher and Editor.,. 1 'Y'