SECTION A. Fig. 1 shows the position of some features in the south western part of the map extract.

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1 EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF SWAZILAND Swaziland General Certificate of Secondary Education CANDIDATE NAME CENTRE NUMBER CANDIDATE NUMBER GEOGRAPHY 6890/02 Paper 2 Geographical Skills October/November 2016 Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper Calculator 1: survey map extract enclosed with this paper 2 hours 15 minutes READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use soft pencils for any diagrams, graphs, calculations, tables or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips and correction fluid. The insert contains Photograph A for Question 5(a) and Photograph B for Question 6(a). Section A SECTION A Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided. SECTION B Answer one question in this section (Either Question 7 or 8) in the spaces provided. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Section B Either Question 7 Or Question 8 Total This document consists of 23 printed pages and 1 blank page. [Turn over

2 2 SECTION A ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION IN THE SPACES PROVIDED. 1 The map extract is for Zimbabwe (Marondera). The scale is 1: Fig. 1 shows the position of some features in the south western part of the map extract A D C 86 B E Fig. 1 (a) Identify the following features shown in Fig.1: (i) the land use A; (ii) the feature B; (iii) the type of road C; (iv) the land use at D; (v) human activity E.

3 3 (b) On Fig.1, draw the course of Ruzawi river. Show its direction of flow with an arrow. [2] (c) Give the six figure grid reference of the southernmost tip of Longlands dam.... [1] (d) Study the hill at Sable Range Extension (5593). (i) What is the height at the top of the hill? (metres) (ii) Name the direction of trigonometrical station 337/T (5593) from trigonometrical station 309/T (5090). (iii) Measure the grid bearing of trigonometrical station 337/T (5593) from trigonometrical station 309/T (5090). (e) (i) Measure the distance along the road between the junction at 4698 towards the north east to the edge of the map near easting metres [1] (ii) The road junction is at 1600m above sea level and towards the edge of the map it is at 1460m. Calculate the gradient along this road. (f) Study the town of Marondera and name two recreational services and one transport service found in the town. Recreational: Transport:... [3] [Turn over

4 4 (g) Fig. 2 shows four grid squares in the south-east of the map, the squares are numbered Fig. 2 (i) Using the correct symbol, draw the position of the dam on Fig. 2. (ii) Shade the square with steep slopes. (iii) Give the number of the square with the highest drainage density. [3] [Total: 20 marks]

5 2 (a) Study Fig. 3, which shows an instrument that was used at a weather station on 1 April 2000. C!! 40! 30!! 20!! 10!! 0!! -! 10! -20!! A! C!! 40 30!! 20!! 10!! B 0! -!10!! -20!! X wet cloth water Fig.

5 5 2 (a) Study Fig. 3, which shows an instrument that was used at a weather station on 1 April C!! 40! 30!! 20!! 10!! 0!! -! 10! -20!! A! C!! 40 30!! 20!! 10!! B 0! -!10!! -20!! X wet cloth water Fig. 3 (i) Name the instrument shown by Fig. 3. (ii) Name the liquid marked X... [1] (iii) State the readings shown by thermometers A and B. Thermometer A... [1] Thermometer B... [1] (iv) Explain why the bulb of thermometer B is surrounded by a wet cloth. [Turn over

6 6 (b) Table 1 is used with the instrument in Fig. 3, to find the relative humidity. Table 1 Air temperature C Depression wet bulb thermometer 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C Using Fig. 3 and Table 1, calculate the following: (i) wet bulb depression on 1 April 2000; (ii) relative humidity. [Total: 8 marks]

7 7 3 (a) Study Fig. 4, which shows the uses of buildings in CBD of cities of four countries. MEDC USA Japan LEDC Brazil Swaziland Key offices specialist shops convenience shops Fig. 4 (i) State the percentage of specialist shops in cities in USA. (ii) Give an example of a specialist shop in an LEDC. [Turn over

8 8 (b) Study Table 2 which shows the percentage of the uses of buildings in Swaziland. Table 2 s of buildings % Offices 20 Specialist shops 30 Convenience shops 50 (i) Complete Fig. 4 by adding the information for Swaziland. the key provided. [3] (ii) Using information on Fig. 4 only, describe the differences in the uses of buildings around the CBDs between MEDCs and LEDCs.... [3] [Total: 8 marks]

9 9 4 (a) Read the extract below (Fig. 5) and answer the questions that follow The East African Rift Valley The rift valley is an example of a plate movement on a divergent boundary. It splits into two parts in Central Africa. Most of the lakes in the region are found in the valley. The valley is formed on an unstable area where tension forces cause faulting. Volcanic mountains which emit toxic gases are found. Some are extinct some are dormant. They are now used for farming since they have fertile soils. Some craters contain lakes which provide fish for the local communities. Other craters provide salt while some produce steam from which geothermal power electricity may be harnessed. Using Fig. 5 answer the following: Fig. 5 (i) Name the type of plate boundary where this rift valley is formed; (ii) State two benefits of rift valleys; (iii) Identify two features that are an evidence of volcanism along the rift valley. (b) Suggest possible dangers of living in or near the rift valley system [3] [Total: 8 marks] [Turn over

10 10 5 (a) Study Photograph A (Insert) which shows a mining method. (i) Name the mining method shown by Photograph A. (ii) Suggest two minerals that are mined using the method shown by Photograph A. (iii) Describe the features of the mining method shown in Photograph A.... [3] (b) Describe two impacts of mining on the environment [2] [Total: 8 marks]

11 11 6 (a) Study Photograph B which shows a marine platform that is used for drilling oil which is one of the world s important fuels. (i) Define a fossil fuel. (ii) Explain why oil is said to be a non-renewable resource. (iii) Describe negative impacts of the location of the oil platform as shown on Photograph B. (b) (i) Complete Table 4, which shows different uses of oil in an MEDC. Table 4 Tonnes Percentage (%) Fuel (road vehicles, trains, aircraft) Electricity Heating Chemical industry Total [2] (ii) Suggest two reasons why oil is least used in the generation of electricity? [Total: 8 marks] [Turn over

12 12 SECTION B ANSWER EITHER QUESTION 7 OR QUESTION 8. 7 Geography students decided to investigate the land use on a farm in Malelane in South Africa. The area is located on a farm on the side of a hill where they practise both livestock and crop farming. They decided to investigate two hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: The land use on the farm changes as the land gets steeper. Hypothesis 2: Farming is more labour intensive in large fields. (a) The students sought a map of land use on the farm from the farm owner. Using the map they were able to calculate the area used for different types of land use. The results are shown on Table 5. Table 5 Land use Area (ha) Percentage % Grapes Oranges Grapefruits 13 Goats Sweet potatoes Onions Cabbages Tomatoes Total 100 NB: Conversions of hectares to m 2 1 ha = m 2 (i) Using Table 5, name two fruits that occupy the smallest area [2] (ii) Calculate the total area of this farm in m 2. (iii) Calculate the percentage of the land in the farmland that is used for growing grapefruits.

13 13 (iv) The students drew a bar graph to show the proportion of the farm allocated to each land use. data from Table 5 to complete the bar graph [Fig. 7], by plotting the area used for goats and cabbages. [2] Fig. 6 (v) The students drew a pie chart to show the percentage of the different land uses on the farm. Table 5 to complete the pie chart Fig. 7 for sweet potatoes and tomatoes. your own key. [2] Key grapes oranges grapefruits goats onions cabbages sweet potatoes tomatoes Fig. 7 [Turn over

14 14 (vi) Give one advantage of using each graph to show collected data. Bar graph Pie graph (b) The students focused on how farming varied between different fields on this farm. They did this by following a path from the farmhouse at the base of the slope up the hill. Every 100m along the path they performed two tasks. (i) They measured the angle of the slope (steepness) by looking up the path. Suggest the equipment they would use. (ii) They recorded the land use in the fields next to the path. However, the students did not know some of the crops grown in the fields. How could they solve this problem? (iii) Give two reasons to suggest why farming is more likely to change as land gets steeper.

15 15 (iv) The results of the fieldwork are shown on a sketch map Fig. 8. The students were investigating Hypothesis 1: The land use changes as the land gets steeper. Fig. 8 Using evidence from Fig. 8, write a conclusion to the investigation.... [3] [Turn over

16 16 (c) To test Hypothesis 2: Farming is more labour intensive in large fields, the students obtained secondary data from the farm owner about the labour input shown Table 6. Table 6 Land use Area (ha) Labour input (number of people per hectare) Grapes Oranges Grapefruits Goats Sweet potatoes Onions Cabbages Tomatoes The students then plotted the data from Table 6 to form a scatter graph Fig. 9. (i) Label both axes on Fig. 9 with the correct units of measurement. [2] 55 labour inputs oranges goats sweet potatoes cabbages tomatoes grapes area... Fig. 9 (ii) On the graph Fig. 9, plot and label the information for grapefruits and onions. [2]

17 17 (iii) Write a conclusion to the investigation on Hypothesis 2: Farming is more labour intensive in large fields, refer to data in table 6 and Fig [3] (iv) Suggest how the investigation to the hypothesis could be improved to make the results more reliable.... [3] [Total: 30 marks] [Turn over

18 18 8 Geography students decided to investigate the cost of items/goods between the CBD and the outskirts of their local town. The students were investigating Hypothesis 1: The cost of low order goods decreases between the CBD and the outskirts of the town. Hypothesis 2: High order goods have a larger range than low order goods. (a) (i) What are high order goods? (ii) While walking along the street in the CBD the students noticed that the buildings have different functions. List any three of the functions [3] (b) To facilitate data collection, the students drew a transect line from the CBD to the outskirts on the map of the town. What is a transect line? [1]

19 19 (c) Along the transect line the students sampled every third shop. The results of the sample are shown in Table 7 below. Table 7 CBD Price (Emalangeni) Shops Sugar/kg Milk/litre Bread Loaf Eggs Dozen Outskirt The students plotted the results for two items: sugar and bread on Fig. 10. Complete the graph by plotting the results for milk and eggs. [4] 25 price (emalangeni) Key sugar bread milk eggs shop number Fig. 10 [Turn over

20 20 (d) The students further investigated the number of customers that visited each of the sampled shops and the results are shown below in Table 8. Table 8 Shop No. of customers (i) What percentage of customers visited Shop 1:... Shop 10:... [2] (ii) Suggest three reasons for the differences in customer visits to shop 1 and shop [3]

21 21 (iii) Write a conclusion to this investigation, Hypothesis 1: The cost of low order goods decreases between the CBD and the outskirts of the town. data from Table 7 and the graph (Fig. 10).... [3] (iv) Suggest how the investigation to the hypothesis could be improved to make the results more reliable.... [3] (e) To investigate Hypothesis 2: High order goods have a larger range than low order good, the students investigated the number of people who travel various distances to buy low and high order goods. The results are shown in Table 9. Table 9 Distance travelled (km) Low order High order Over [Turn over

22 22 (i) Suggest a suitable method that was used to collect the data in Table 9. (ii) State two factors that affect the range of goods. (iii) What is the maximum distance travelled for low order goods? (iv) Using Table 9 plot the number of people who travel for both low and high order goods from 0 4 km, 5 10 km and km on Fig. 11. [3] over Key low order goods high order goods Fig. 11

23 (f) 23 Write a conclusion to the investigation on Hypothesis 2: High order goods have a larger range than low order goods, refer to data in Table 9 and Fig [3] [Total: 30 marks]

24 24 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (ECOS) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education *8947474538* GEOGRAPHY 0460/22 Paper 2 May/June 2012 Candidates answer on the Question Paper.