C o p e r n i c u s f o r H i g h r e s o l u t i o n m a p p i n g o f w a t e r q u a l i t y. Copernicus EU

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1 C o p e r n i c u s f o r H i g h r e s o l u t i o n m a p p i n g o f w a t e r q u a l i t y Copernicus EU Copernicus EU Copernicus EU

2 M o n i t o r i n g o f s e a w a t e r s i n c o a s t a l a r e a s Marine European Directives Water Framework Directive (WFD) Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) Recommendation on Integrated Coastal Zone Management Bathing Water, Habitats (Natura2000), National regulations on productive activities in coastal areas Water waters treatment plants, Desalination plants Building and dredging activities (e.g. oil&gas) Aquaculture, Protect/improve productive activities in coastal areas Aquaculture Desalination plants, 2

3 M o n i t o r i n g o f c o a s t a l a r e a s Marine Need for monitoring the water quality through a set of parameters, which are directly or indirectly referred within regulations. Current practices mostly based on survey campaigns at sea. Commonly recognized gaps: Very large marine areas to monitor Constant and frequent monitoring required Measurement/sampling costly and time/space limited 3

4 M o n i t o r i n g o f c o a s t a l a r e a s Marine Example of relevant parameters for water quality monitoring in coastal areas: Eutrophication (chlorophyll-a, water transparency, ) Aquaculture (chlorophyll-a, turbidity, algae bloom, ) Waste waters treatment plants (chlorophyll-a, suspended matter, ) Dredging activities (turbidity, suspended sediments, ) Required measurements in proximity of the coast 4

5 R e m o t e s e n s i n g o f W a t e r Q u a l i t y Marine 20 years of water quality measurements from Earth Observation (EO) Large area coverage High temporal frequency Scientific community recognizes its value Main limitation for coastal areas Spatial resolution too low (300m-1km) for monitoring in proximity to the coast 5

6 H i g h r e s o l u t i o n m o n i t o r i n g o f W a t e r Q u a l i t y Marine Copernicus Sentinel-2 Covers all the European coastal areas and the whole Mediterranean sea Spatial resolution of 10 to 20m Repetition frequency of <5 days (full constellation) Empirical algorithms for high resolution water quality mapping developed for Landsat and/or very high resolution satellites (e.g. Pléiades, Worldview-2/3/4, etc.). High resolution and high frequency mapping of water quality parameters like: Chlorophyll-a concentration Water turbidity 6

7 U s e f u l d a t a Marine Chlorophyll-a concentration at 10m Turbidity at 10m 7

8 DEMO Marine DEMO 8

9 DEMO Marine Software used: ESA -SNAP 9

10 DEMO Marine Data used: Sentinel-2 image, acquired the 28 th December 2015 on the Italian coast (Tyrrhenian sea) 10

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18 v Marine 18

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28 A t m o s p h e r i c c o r r e c t i o n Marine 1 Select a dark pixel 2 Subtract the dark pixel reflectance from image pixels reflectances (dark is ~ 1% reflectance) 3 Transform in remote sensing reflectance R k rs = ρ k (ρ k do 0.01) π 28

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35 T u r b i d i t y Marine Simple algorithm based on red band (B4) T= 1030 R 4 rs

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38 T u r b i d i t y map f r o m S e n t i n e l - 2 Marine 38

39 C h l o r o p h y l l c o n c e n t r a t i o n Marine From: Wong, M. S., Nichol, J. E., Lee, K. H., & Emerson, N. (2008). Modeling water quality using Terra/MODIS 500 m satellite images. In Proceedings of XXIst ISPRS Congress (Vol. 37, pp ) b2 b4 Chl = e logr rs R rs Using MODIS data for a local calibration Chl cal = e Chl

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47 T u r b i d i t y a n d C h l o r o p h y l l m a p s a t 1 0 m Marine 47

48 Thank you 48