Satellite-derived environmental drivers for top predator hotspots
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1 Satellite-derived environmental drivers for top predator hotspots Peter South West Marine Ecosystems Apr. 2017, Plymouth University
2 Satellite environmental drivers for hotspots
3 Satellite environmental drivers for hotspots Introduction to satellite products for ecology Environmental drivers for 2016 Predictions of top predator hotspots
4 An obvious ocean front
5 Detecting oceanic fronts 26 Jun :37 SST 27 Jun :58 SST F comp Mean gradient F mean Persistence P front Miller, P.I., (2009) Composite front maps for improved visibility of dynamic oceanic fronts on cloudy data, Journal of Marine Systems. SST
6 Ocean fronts: from spaghetti to synoptic chart Weak Strong May 2008 Key Warm Cold May 2008 Miller, P.I., (in preparation), A line clustering algorithm with application to simplifying ocean front maps derived from satellite data, Remote Sensing of Environment.
7 Ocean front metrics Weak Strong Front strength Front distance May 2008 Key Warm Cold May 2008 Low High Low High
8 Frequently observed ocean fronts Huge unique archive: >30,000 AVHRR passes Developed and tested methodology to analyse persistent fronts in time series Percentage of months in which strong front observed = Frequent fronts Nov Dec.1998 Summer Jul Miller, P.I. & Christodoulou, S. (2014) Frequent locations of ocean fronts as an indicator of pelagic diversity: application to marine protected areas. Marine Policy. %
9 Areas of Pelagic Ecological Importance Miller, P.I. & Christodoulou, S. (2014) Frequent locations of ocean fronts as an indicator of pelagic diversity: application to marine protected areas. Marine Policy.
10 Many pelagic animals use fronts for foraging Weak Strong Basking shark tracked with GLS tag 24 Aug. 15 Oct Key Warm Cold Miller, P.I., Scales, et al. (2015) Basking sharks and oceanographic fronts: quantifying associations in the north-east Atlantic. Functional Ecology
11 Satellite environmental drivers for hotspots Introduction to satellite products for ecology Environmental drivers for 2016 Predictions of top predator hotspots
12 Thermal fronts 2016 Onset of stratification Coastal upwelling Breakdown in stratification Monthly thermal front maps, from AVHRR 1km resolution daily SST data (PML)
13 Ocean front frequency % Winter Spring Summer Autumn
14 Anomaly in thermal front frequency -50% % Winter Spring Weak stratification? Summer Autumn Weak upwelling?
15 Thermal and chlorophyll front fusion Weak Weak Strong Strong Sep Thermal fronts Dilated Chl-a fronts Dilated Front fusion map Separated Warm Cold Colocated High Low Front fusion mask High chl Low chl
16 Front fusion maps - bio-active? Weekly fusion of simplified thermal and chl-a front maps, from AVHRR and Aqua-MODIS 1km data (PML)
17 Surface chlorophyll 2016 mg Chl m -3 Aqua-MODIS 1km resolution OC3 chlorophyll algorithm, NEODAAS-Plymouth
18 Anomaly in surface chlorophyll Early growth? Restricted spring bloom Weak dinoflagellate blooms Autumn bloom ESA Climate Change Initiative 4km resolution monthly anomaly based on monthly climatology (v2.0, )
19 Sea-surface temperature 2016 Low High AVHRR 1km resolution monthly SST composites, variable colour scale, NEODAAS-Plymouth
20 Satellite environmental drivers for hotspots Introduction to satellite products for ecology Environmental drivers for 2016 Predictions of top predator hotspots
21 Predicting basking sharks habitat
22 Predicting dolphin habitat Broad-scale foraging: Seasonal; Seabed slope; Shelf-sea front density. Fine-scale foraging: Seasonal; Tidal mixing.
23 Predicting seabird habitat Latitude Longitude Year Season Effort Bathymetry Bathymetry spatial gradient Distance to coastline Mean chlorophyll a concentration Temporal change in chlorophyll a during season Spatial chlorophyll a concentration gradient Mean sea surface temperature Temporal change in SST during season Spatial sea surface temperature gradient Mean sea surface temperature anomaly Density of fronts Distance to front Mean sea surface height
24 Predicting cetacean habitat
25 Satellite prediction of 2016 predator hotspots Ocean front frequency Summer 2016 Weak spring bloom (Mar. May) Autumn bloom (Aug. Sep.) Biophysical frontal zones (Mar. Sep.) Reduced summer blooms, limiting food chain (Jul. Aug.)
26 Satellite environmental drivers for hotspots Introduction to satellite products for ecology Environmental drivers for 2016 Predictions of top predator hotspots Any questions? Peter Miller - PML ocean fronts: tinyurl.com/pmlfronts Satellite data: neodaas.ac.uk
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