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Transcription

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8 ( X R+ IX = Zlli R R+IX=Zl!..' r -i't ZL t!' = Van W. la f = 8-u P ZL R ( :: CP EC E b ZA. -= C DP ED -1

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11 ) Distance to Center of Circle N 2 _ 1 ) Loci R Center of Circle N 2 Z T 1- N 2 ). ; i / N = EA/E B ZT = Tota/lmpedance between A 8< B Fig. 3. Loss of synchronism characteristic for cases N = 1, N>l,N<l 12

12 -

13 x ( \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ( R /'" /'" /'" /" /'" Swing Locus ( Fig. 4. Effect of loss of synchronism on distance relays line impedance is small compared to system impedances 13

14 ( x " Swing Locus... I - tz. - ( s 1 J)1!Ur!SIC rd Zone \ nd Zone..., stZone ( R Time to Traverse Distance EF 2-1 T=- S S =Slip in Degrees/Sec ( Fig. 5. Method for determining relay operating tendency during loss of synchronism 14

15 ( B ( R Fig. 6. Effect of loss of synchronism on distance relays line impedance large compared to system impedance 15

16 ) x Out-of-Step.r Blocking Unit, CEB12B ) R Fig. 7. Out-of-step blocking with an off-set MHO unit 16

17 x ----= :r--r SWING... LOCUS RELAY CHARACTERISTICS, OUT-OF-STEP DETECTION SCHEME (+) (-) '--- CONTACT CIRCUITS, OUT-OF-STEP DETECTION SCHEME M 9

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26 - co u, o, M.. (]) ')... ro e.. g. (l) o C.- -c (]) ::J c cr (l) CJ) I U en C) e.- M - T""" (])... > en... N o T""" C) M & & C) I I I > 8S SlIO/\ > W II::::'i I::::'"ii --:::!I "" I T""" I C) LO M... M C (l) L. - L. iii ::J 1 "" (]) o C (l) ::J "" CT (]) CJ) I It') (]) '. >... (J) r::..-. CL 1::::"""- -::;I -.li,... --::::II ' : -.:::::I' -e-: : 88S sdw\j C).q- I() M M & "" (J) (]) o "" >. o I() T"""

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32 co - Q) e e -.c e :J l- Q) -- E t- Q) -- >... C. ns -c <C - l- I I ::: C/O C/O I I.-.J C/O C/O - - II - ::: I I I -.-.J - ::: I I I -.-.J II en z ::J I

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34 Z,. 7 L. I! Ii... r>. <r-»: R.: r:-,j: '''----_/' ES == ei.deg.5 ZlS == ei.deg88 ZIL == 8.ei.deg.87.6n sec. - IS i deg 3 Z Load = -e ER == ZlR == 3.3.ei.deg88 Settings for ass Zone 2 Reach in pu of Z1L: ZR == 1.2 Z2P:= IZRZILI Z2P = 9.6 Maximum Slip frequency: s == 3. Hz Zone 5 Entry Load Angle: 1i5 == 9 Zone 6 Entry Load Angle: 1i6 == 6 System Nominal Frequency: f == 6 Relay Characteristics OOS Settings: RIR5 = 6.54 RIR6=11.32 OSBD = 1.67 n n cycles Real

35 OUT OF STEP SIMULATIONS [=6 w:= 2 7\ [ A. Guzman 1/4/96 OSIMAG SEL Transmission Line Impedance: ZIL = i n sec. IZlLI = 8 8:= arg(zil) 8 = 87.6deg RI := Re(ZI L) XI := Im(ZIL) ZIS = i IZlSI = 1.776arg(ZlS) = 88deg ZlR = i IZlRI = 3.3 arg(zir) = 88deg Load Impedance Total Impedance: --f' ZT:= ZlS + ZIL + ZIR IZTI = 13.7carg(ZT) = deg I Load := ES - ER ZT T Z1R Relay voltage during normal load conditions: VR Load:= ES - I Load Z IS Load impedance Volts (rms) ZIL + Z1R z-_ VR Load :=-- I I Load - Determing the Right Resistive Blinders Zone 5 Starting Load Angle: 65 = 9 Zone 6 Starting Load Angle: 66 = 6 Right Zone 5 Resistive Blinder: RIR5:= IZTI RIR5 = deg ) 2 tan ( - 2 Right Zone 6 Resistive Blinder: RIR6:= IZTI 66.deg) 2 tan - ( 2 RI R6 = Determing the Out-at-Step Blocking Delay (OSBD) Slip frequency: 5 = 3 Hz Load angle increment between Zone 6 and Zone 5: 665 := Time increment between Zone 6 and Zone 5: /)65 [ OSBO:= OSBO = cycles

36 Mho characteristic: ZI:= ZR ZIl [zt] = 9.6.w...:=, 1.. [zn.] Zline := /arg(zil).m m 1.;=, := I ZI ZI j'el"deg ZI := e 2 2 Right side blinders: 21 y:= RI RI R5 75:= -.y + IRIR51 R6 75:= -.y + IRIR61 Y+ XI Y+ XI Automatic setting for inner blinder time delay: D-e565 D-1 D-165 := D-165 = cycles D-e565 = 3 deg D-e5 UBOSBF:= 4 RIRI:= IZIL! RIRI =.8 1 7T ( IZlll ) UBOSBD " ( I-L;t)n 2RTI Z1LI ).Et"'t65 UBOSBD = alan - alan 11. L. 2 RIR5 2 RIR6 cycles Calculate Slip Frequency from L\t65 and M values; D-e565 f Slip:=-- D Slip = 3 Angle difference in the inner region 18 e5ri := 2.alan( Illli ) e5ri = deg D-e5RI := 2'(7T - e5ri) - D-e5RI = 45.24deg 2 RIRI 7T D-e5RI D-165 D-IRI := D-e565 D-IRI = cycles

37 Determing Test Values Desired slip frequency: 55:= 5 Hz Desired angle between steps: 6:=.1 Number of steps: N:= 1 NW Initial step angle: 61 := 3 Load angle steps: k:=.. N - I n := 1.. N - I kl := 1.. N - I := 61 6 := 6 + n 6 n Time between steps: 6 f 3 t:= -- t = x 1- cycles T:= t Create Time Vector: n t t := In := -f- sec. o Source Voltages: bk deg j := ES'e ER = Current for each step: ES - ER k I '= k' ZT Amps (rms) deg Relay Voltage for each step: Volts (rms) Apparent Relay Impedace: VR Z\:= - ḵ I k n (sec.) Instantaneous Current and Voltage at the Relay Location:

38 -- Voltage - Current Cycles

39 e C) " f\ "cl! I

40 21ST A 21ST X., 82 "-, / A1 A2,, / / / / /, / / -II 6.,2- F ----.r#---+-"""---h-t_ Q InIo l---_+-_+-----t_-- It_--_+---_J'---- Impedanca ---- I locus X Zs Systam Impedanca Trand. Reactanca X d Gen. Transiant Raac"nce Fig.21 CEX - CEB blinder out of step relaying scheme 17