117 Ways to Pass the Earth Science Regents
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- Antony Simpson
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1 117 Ways to Pass the Earth Science Regents
2 1. The same substance always has the same density
3 2. As pressure increases, density increases
4 3. As temperature increases, density decreases 6. Water is most dense at 4 o C, when it is a liquid
5 4. Water expands when it freezes
6 5. Most changes are cyclic
7 7. The true shape of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, but from space it looks like a perfect sphere. 8. The best model of the earth is a sphere
8 9. The altitude of Polaris is equal to your latitude on Earth!
9
10 10. To determine the earth s circumference, the altitude of the sun is needed at 2 locations.
11 11. Latitude lines run east-west, but measure distances N S.
12 12. Longitude lines run N S, but measure distances E W.
13 13. Longitude is based on observations of the sun.
14 14. Use the REFERENCE TABLES!!!
15 15. The closer the isolines (isobars, isotherms, contours), the steeper the gradient!
16 16. The earth rotates from West to East (24 hours) or counterclockwise
17 17. The earth revolves counterclockwise around the sun (365 ¼ days)
18 18. All celestial objects appear to rise in the east and set in the west.
19 19. The moon has phases because of the angle at which we view it (Half is ALWAYS lit!).
20 20. Planets appear to go backwards (retrograde motion) as the earth passes them in space.
21 21. Summer Solstice is June 21 st 22. Winter Solstice is December 21 st 23. Equinoxes: March 21 st and September 21st
22 24. The equator always receives 12 hours of daylight.
23 25. The lower the altitude of the sun, the longer the shadow it casts.
24 26. Foucault s s pendulum and the coriolis effect prove the earth rotates.
25
26 27. Earth is closer to the sun in the winter. Winter
27 28. The closer the planet is to the sun, the faster it moves!
28 31. Black absorbs/white reflects. 41. Good absorbers are good radiators.
29 32. The half-life life of a radioactive element cannot be changed! 33. Ocean crust is thin and made of basalt. 34. Continental crust is thick and made of granite!
30 35. Energy moves from source to sink (high concentration to low concentration).
31 36. Mountains form by uplift.
32 37. Chemical weathering occurs most rapidly in warm, moist climates and involves a change in chemical composition of the rock. 38. Physical weathering occurs most rapidly in cold, moist climates due to frost action.
33 39. Air moves clockwise and outward around a high pressure system. 40. Air moves counterclockwise and toward the center of a low pressure system.
34 44. As temperature increases, air pressure decreases. (Indirect) 45. As moisture increases, pressure decreases (Indirect). 46. Air pressure decreases with altitude.
35 47. High pressure is cool and dry; low is warm and wet!
36 48. Winds are due to air pressure differences. 49. Wind blows from areas of high pressure to low pressure
37 50. Wind is named from the direction it is coming!
38 52. The closer the air temperature and dew point temperature the greater the chance of precipitation (increased humidity).
39 53. Weather moves from West to East in the United States.
40 54. Cold Front 57. Cold fronts move the fastest! Cold fronts force warm air up and are associated with short narrow bands of heavy precipitation and thunder/lightning in advance of the front!
41 55. Warm Front Warm fronts ride up the back of cold air and produce longer periods of steady rain and occur both in front of and behind the advancing front.
42 56. Occluded Front
43 58. Porosity does NOT depend on particle size. 59. As particle size increases, permeability increases!
44 60. Capillarity increases when particle size decreases.
45 61. Potential evapotranspiration depends on temperature.
46 62. Dynamic equilibrium means balance.
47 63. Apparent diameter of objects (sun, moon) gets larger when the object is closer to Earth (perihelion/perigee)
48 64. Vertical rays (overhead sun) can occur between 23 ½ o N and 23 1/2 o S.
49 65. Index fossils are good time markers (widely spread, lived a short time).
50 66. Air cools as it rises.
51 67. Water bodies moderate temperature (cooler summers/warmer winters) along the coast.
52 68. Expansional cooling: Orographic effect!
53 69. Gravity is the primary force behind ALL erosional agents!
54 70. Streams are the number one agent of erosion. B/C there is so much of it on Earth! 71. Stream velocity depends on slope and discharge. 1. Increase in slope = increased velocity and increased discharge. 72. Velocity is fastest on the outside of a meander bend.
55 73. Heavy, round and dense particles settle out first (Graded bedding). 74. Bedding (vertical sorting): biggest sentiments are on bottom! Horizontal Sorting Biggest is located near the shore
56 75. Glacial sediments are unsorted, unconsolidated, scratched, create U-shaped U valleys!
57 76. Sedimentary rocks strata flat layers most likely to have fossils 77. Igneous rock: : cools fast, small crystals; cools slow, big crystals 78. Metamorphic banding, foliation or distorted structure
58 79. Mineral properties depend on internal atomic arrangement. - it will determine the hardness, cleavage
59 80. Silicon + oxygen = tetrahedron
60 81. Isostasy: : earth s s crust in equilibrium
61 82. Mid-ocean ridge new earth being created sea floor spreading.
62 83. Trenches earth being destroyed subduction zone
63 84. P waves travel faster than S waves. 85. P waves travel through liquid and solids S waves only travel through solids. 86. Three (3) seismic stations are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake.
64
65
66 Locating the epicenter
67 87. In undisturbed strata the bottom layer is the oldest LAW OF SUPERPOSITION
68 88. Intrusion and faults are younger than the rock they cut across!
69 89. Unconformity means erosion followed by deposition.
70 90. Arid landscape: steep slopes with sharp angles.
71 91. Humid landscape: smooth with rounded slopes.
72 92. When in doubt.. See if the reference tables will help! 93. Uranium 235 dates old rocks. 94. Carbon 14 dates recent living objects.
73 95. Convection currents in the mantle move plates.
74 99. Be familiar with this chart: Date Lat. of Sun s s direct rays Direction of sunrise and sunset Altitude of noon sun Length of Daylight Sept 21 (Autumnal Equinox) Dec. 21 (Winter Solstice) March 21 (Vernal Equinox) June 21 (Summer Solstice) Equator Tropic of Capricorn (23 ½ o S) Equator Tropic of Cancer (23 1/2 o N) Due east + Due west Rises S. of east + sets S. of West Due east + Due west Rises N. of east + sets N. of west 48 o 24.5 o 48 o 71.5 o 12 hours 8 hours (shortest daylight) 12 hours 16 hours (longest daylight)
75 97. When a rock is broken into smaller pieces, surface area increases and weathering increases.
76
77 Bring a good attitude to the test!!! Wutz Weso Kloc Raber
78 100. USE THE DANG Reference Tables!
79 101. Relax!!... You ve already completed ¼ of the exam Take your time! You have 3 hours!
80 104. Read introductory paragraphs and study diagrams before looking at questions. Look for helpful key words like always, never, none, except, most, least. Underline or hi-light key words!!
81 105. Draw diagrams to help you visualize the questions being asked where possible!
82 106. Use a straight-edge to read graphics, to mark points on a graph and to measure distances.
83 107. If certain words cause confusion, cross them out and substitute a different word, then read the question again. Example: substitute the word spin for rotate or orbit for revolution.
84 108. Don t t leave any questions blank! Mark an answer for every question. You may lose credit by guessing incorrectly, but an unanswered question will cost you credit automatically.
85 Try to supply your own answer to a multiple choice question before you look at the alternatives. Then choose the response closest to your own answer.
86 If all else fails and you have to guess an answer, then and only then consider this advice: If two choices are very similar choose neither. If two choices are opposite, choose one of them. The most general alternative is frequently the right answer. Don't change your original answer unless you're completely sure it's wrong.
87 111. Ask yourself: Is it in the reference tables, or can the reference tables help me?
88 112. Check your test a second time, but only change an answer if you find an obvious mistake. Your first choice is usually correct!
89 113. Look up formulas, even if you think you know them. Substitute information from the question into the formula (Front page of ESRT).
90 114. Skip over hard questions that are stumping you. Go back to them later. Something else in the test may give you a clue to the harder problems.
91 FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS!!!
92 Be Prepared!! Your exam is tomorrow June 20 at 12:00 pm Bring pens (2) and pencil, hi-lighter, ruler and calculator (4 function only) You are not allowed to use your graphing calculator Do not bring any electronic devices to the exam All other materials (ESRT, Scrap paper, test booklet and answer sheet) will be supplied
93 Regents Earth Science Exam
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5 - Seasons. Figure 1 shows two pictures of the Sun taken six months apart with the same camera, at the same time of the day, from the same location.
ASTR 110L 5 - Seasons Purpose: To plot the distance of the Earth from the Sun over one year and to use the celestial sphere to understand the cause of the seasons. What do you think? Write answers to questions
Which rock unit is youngest in age? A) A B) B C) C D) D
1. The Catskills landscape region is classified as a plateau because it has A) low elevations and mostly faulted or folded bedrock B) low elevations and mostly horizontal bedrock C) high elevations and
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Weather Systems Study Guide:
Weather Systems Study Guide: 1. Draw a diagram of Earth s water cycle and label each part. 2. Explain how the water cycle works. 3. What happens in the troposphere and stratosphere? Atmosphere Level What
What a Hurricane Needs to Develop
Weather Weather is the current atmospheric conditions, such as air temperature, wind speed, wind direction, cloud cover, precipitation, relative humidity, air pressure, etc. 8.10B: global patterns of atmospheric
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Name: 1) What is the primary reason New York State is warmer in July than in February? A) The altitude of the noon Sun is greater in February. B) The insolation in New York is greater in July. C) The Earth
What are the different ways rocks can be weathered?
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Weather Atmospheric condition in one place during a limited period of time Climate Weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long
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1 Earth s Oceans. TAKE A LOOK 2. Identify What are the five main oceans?
CHAPTER 13 1 Earth s Oceans SECTION Exploring the Oceans BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What affects the salinity of ocean water? What affects
What type of land feature is located at Point A? A Cliff B Delta C Mountain D Valley
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A) its rotation D) Sun, the Moon, and some stars C) an oblate sphere D) troposphere B) hydrosphere and troposphere B) less dense and more felsic
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Unit 5. Seasons and Atmosphere
Unit 5 Seasons and Atmosphere Standard 1: Revolution Motion of a body along a path around some point in space. Earth s orbit is elliptical Earth s distance from the sun varies Perihelion Earth is closest
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CHAPTER 3 LESSON 2 Our Planet Earth I nteractions of Earth Systems Key Concepts How does the water cycle show interactions of Earth systems? How does weather show interactions of Earth systems? How does