1. How wide is this sheet of paper, to the nearest 0.1 cm? meters?

Transcription

1 Earrtth Sciience REGENTS WEEKLY REVIEW HANDOUT #4 ESRT Name Reference Table Page 1 1. How wide is this sheet of paper, to the nearest 0.1 cm? meters? 2. Which of the radioactive substances listed on this page has the shortest half-life? 3. Write the half-life of Uranium-238 as a standard number. 4. If you started with 100 g of K-40, how much K-40 would remain after 3.9 x 10 9 years? 5. A bone has half the expected C 14. How old is the bone in years? 6. After 9.0 x 10 9 years, how much U 238 would remain in a rock that once was pure U 238? 7. What common substance requires the most energy to heat up a unit mass by 10 o C? 8. Which material on the Specific Heat Chart would heat up the fastest? 9. Which uses more energy, melting a 10 g ice cube or evaporating 10 g of water? 10. If you estimated a rock to have a volume of 20 cm 3, but careful measurement showed its true volume to be 25 cm 3, what would be the percent deviation of your estimate? Show your work. 11. Using the diagram calculate the average gradient between points A and B? Show your work. 12. Determine the density: mass = 5g and volume = 2 cm Determine the volume: mass = 10g and density = 2.5 g/ cm Determine the mass: volume = 2 cm 3 and density = 3.6 g/ cm What is the State fossil of New York? 16. What is the two most common elements in the ocean? 17. What element makes up 5.63% of crustal rocks by mass, but only 0.49% by volume? Reference Table Page In what landscape region do you live? 19. What landscape region is Old Forge, NY located?

2 20. The Catskill Mountains are part of what larger landscape region? State one reason why the Catskills are really not mountains? 21. Name two landscape features that would change as you travel from the Erie-Ontario Lowlands to the Allegheny Plateau. and Reference Table Page If you drive from Albany to Buffalo, what compass direction must you travel? 23. What is the approximate terrestrial coordinates of Watertown, NY? 24. What is the geologic time period age of the bedrock around Syracuse, NY? numerical age? 25. What is the metric distance from Syracuse to Utica? 26. As water flows from Lake Erie into Lake Ontario, most of the change in elevation is at Niagara Falls. What is the total change in elevation? 27. Which type of rock is most common in the Catskills? Igneous, Sedimentary or Metamorphic 28. What New York Landscape region has the oldest bedrock? Reference Table Page What ocean current keeps Europe relatively warm? 30. How do local ocean currents affect the climate along the Western coast of South America 31. What major ocean current can be found at 50 o S, 50 o W? Reference Table Page With respect to Africa, in what direction is South America drifting? 33. What type of plate boundary is the Mid-Atlantic ridge? Transform, Divergent or Convergent 34. What is the major active fault in the western United States? 35. What has caused the growth of the Himalayan Mts. North of India? 36. Where is the nearest major hot spot/plume to NY? 37. Draw a cross-section of the Mid Atlantic Ridge. Include the direction of the mantle convection currents. 38. Draw a cross-section of the Peru-Chile Trench. Include the direction of the mantle convection currents.

3 39. At the Peru-Chile Trench which plate is subducting? Reference Table Page What is the final step in the formation of sedimentary rock? 41. What do we call sediment composed of 1 cm size particles? 42. How does gabbro differ from basalt? 43. According to the Rock Cycle what type of rock can sedimentary rock change into? 44. What is the most abundant mineral in diorite? 45. How fast a stream current is required to transport the smallest boulder? 46. What five minerals are common in basalt? 47. Name the igneous rock that is fine grained with pink, white, gray and black crystals. 48. List 2 characteristics of a Felsic Igneous Rock. and Reference Table Page What minerals are most common in sandstone? 50. Which clastic (fragmental) rock is composed of the smallest particles? 51. What mineral is most abundant in rock salt? (The mineral is not called salt) 52. What mineral family is common in slate, phyllite, schist and gneiss? 53. What is the texture of quartzite? 54. What metamorphic rock is primarily composed of calcite? 55. What term is used to describe metamorphic rocks that the mineral crystals are aligned into distorted layers. 56. What type of metamorphism would cause gneiss to form? Reference Table Page 8 and What time period did North America split from Africa and Europe? 58. How old is the Earth? 59. What is the first period of the Paleozoic Era? 60. What two time periods are NOT represented in the bedrock of New York? 61. What animal group first evolved about the same time as the dinosaurs?

4 62. Name the 3 index fossils of Trilobites that are represented on the ESRT. 63. During which geologic time period did Mucrospirifer exist? 64. Most of the Earth s history occurred in the eon. Reference Table Page At what two depths within the Earth s interior is the temperature above the melting point? 66. What is the Earth s radius in kilometers? What is it s diameter? 67. What is the composition of the Earth s core? 68. What layer of the Earth is least dense? Most Dense? 69. In what portion does the temperature increase fastest with depth? Reference Table Page How long does it take an S-Wave to travel 6000 km? a P-Wave? 71. How far away is the epicenter if the P-Wave arrives 7 minutes before the S-Wave? 72. How far can a P-Wave travel in 5 minutes and 40 seconds? Reference Table Page If the wet bulb reads 4 o C and the dry bulb records 12 o C, what is the dew-point? 74. What is the percent relative humidity in the conditions specified in #54? 75. What does a negative dew point mean? Reference Table Page What is the Kelvin temperature for 0 o C?... Fahrenheit 77. What is the standard sea level air pressure in inches of Hg?... millibars? 78. What is the ( o F) temperature at this weather station? ( o C)? \ What is the atmospheric pressure? Is it rising or falling? 80. Wind Speed? Wind Direction? Cloud Coverage 81. A maritime tropical air mass is and 82. Convert mb into inches of mercury.

5 Reference Table Page How does the air temperature change as you rise in the mesosphere? 84. What name is given to the boundary at the top of the troposphere? 85. What form of electromagnetic energy has a wavelength that is just too long to be visible by humans? 86. Which color of visible light has the longest wavelength? Shortest? 87. What is the prevailing wind direction 45 o south of the equator? 88. Why is precipitation so abundant near the equator? Reference Table Page Although Barnard s Star is relatively close to us, it is hard to see. Compared to our Sun, how much light does Barnard s Star give off? 90. The North Star (Polaris) is similar to the Sun in and How is it different 91. Rigel and Betelgeuse are two of the brightest stars in the prominent winter constellation Orion. How does Betelgeuse appear different From Rigel to us? 92. Of the Eight planets and Pluto, which one spins fastest on its axis? 93. Which planet or planetoid has the most elliptical orbit? 94. Which planet is closest to Earth in size? 95. Approximately how much larger is the sun s diameter than the diameter of the Earth. Reference Table Page What mineral has a nonmetallic luster, scratches glass and is often pink? 97. Name two common minerals that are chemical elements. and 98. What is the most obvious difference between amphibole and pyroxene? 99. What other minerals form crystals similar in shape to pyrite? 100. What is the chemical composition of Garnet? How many atoms of the following are in each garnet molecule? Fe, Al, Si, O