Winter Break HW 2015

Transcription

1 Winter Break HW 2015 Name: Date: This packet is due on the first regular class day after winter break. There will be a quiz on this homework upon return. Don t forget to use your Reference Tables!! 1. Which event is cyclic and predictable? A. a volcano erupting above a subducting tectonic plate B. an earthquake occurring at the San Andreas Fault C. Jupiter s apparent movement across the night sky D. an asteroid striking Earth s surface 3. Which geologic event occured in New York State at about the same time as the extinction of dinosaurs and ammonoids? A. formation of the Queenston Delta B. deposition of the sands and clays underlying Long Island C. initial opening of the Atlantic Ocean D. advance and retreat of the last continental ice sheet 4. The geologic cross section below shows bedrock layers A through D. Line XY is a fault. 2. A high tide occurred at 6:00 a.m. at a beach on Long Island. The next high tide at this same beach would occur at approximately A. 12:15 p.m. on the same day B. 6:30 p.m. on the same day C. 12:45 p.m. on the following day D. 7:00 a.m. on the following day The fault most likely occurred after A. all bedrock layers were formed B. layer C formed, but before layer D formed C. layer A formed, but before layer B formed D. layer B formed, but before layer C formed page 1

2 5. What is the approximate density of a mineral with a mass of grams that displaces 46 cubic centimeters of water? 8. The graph below shows changes in carbon dioxide concentrations in Earth s atmosphere over a 140-year period. Carbon dioxide concentrations are shown in parts per million (ppm). A. 1.8 g/cm 3 B. 5.7 g/cm 3 C. 6.1 g/cm 3 D g/cm 3 6. Obsidian s glassy texture indicates that it formed A. slowly, deep below Earth s surface B. slowly, on Earth s surface C. quickly, deep below Earth s surface D. quickly, on Earth s surface This significant change in CO 2 concentration is most likely caused by A. decreased cloud cover, and is predicted to decrease average global temperatures B. decreased volcanic activity, and is predicted to increase average global temperatures 7. What is the color and type of rock that forms oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges? A. light colored and igneous C. increased use of fossil fuels, and is predicted to increase average global temperatures D. increased El Niño activity, and is predicted to decrease average global temperatures B. light colored and sedimentary C. dark colored and igneous D. dark colored and sedimentary page 2 Winter Break HW 2015

3 9. Which graph best shows the range of density in each of Earth s layers? A. B. C. D. page 3 Winter Break HW 2015

4 10. Which world map shows the locations where most earthquakes and volcanoes occur on Earth? 11. The diagram below is a portion of a geologic timeline. Letters A through D represent the time intervals between the labeled events, as estimated by scientists. A. Fossil evidence indicates that the earliest birds developed during which time interval? B. A. A B. B C. C D. D C. 12. Which index fossil has been found in Ordovician-age bedrock? D. A. B. C. D. page 4 Winter Break HW 2015

5 13. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the cross section below, which shows the type of seismic waves recorded at various locations after an earthquake has occurred. Point A is a location on Earth s surface and X is the epicenter of the earthquake. 14. How many kilometers did the seismic waves travel from the earthquake directly to the outside of the outer core? A. 800 km B km C km D km Point A is located 7600 kilometers from the epicenter of this earthquake. How many minutes did it take the first S-wave to reach point A? A. 9 min B. 11 min C. 16 min D. 20 min page 5 Winter Break HW 2015

6 Base your response(s) to the following question(s) on the passage below. Frozen Mammoth A wooly mammoth was fuond in 1999 buried in the frozen soil of the Siberian tundra. Carbon-14 dating indicated that it had dies about 20,000 years ago. Many fossils represent only the partial remains of organisms. However, a complete mammoth with bones, skin, hair, and internal organs intact represented a unique opportunity for scientists to investigate the lifestyle of this animal and the environment in which it lived. page 6 Winter Break HW 2015

7 15. Identify both the period and epoch of geologic time during which the wooly mammoth lived. Period 16. Identify one New York State index fossil of an organism that lived during the same time as the wooly mammoth. Epoch page 7 Winter Break HW 2015

8 Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the passage and map of a portion of the East African Rift system shown below. Point X represents a location on Earth s surface within a rift valley on the Ethiopian Dome. The Great Rift Valley Rifting of Earth s crust in eastern Africa began during the Neogene Period as the Ethiopian and Kenyan Domes formed. These two huge domes were created as Earth s mantle pushed up the overlying crust. As the crust was forced upward, the resulting tension cracked the crust, resulting in the eruption of volcanoes and the formation of large rifts. The crust continued to pull apart, forming rift valleys. These valleys have become deeper and are currently becoming filled with sediments, igneous rock, and water. page 8 Winter Break HW 2015

9 17. On the cross section below, draw two curved arrows, one on each side of the dashed line, to show the direction of movement of the convection currents within the asthenosphere that caused the formation of the dome and the rift valley near location X. 20. The inferred temperature and pressure of Earth s interior at a depth of 3,000 kilometers are approximately A C and 0.5 million atmospheres B C and 1.0 million atmospheres C C and 1.5 million atmospheres D C and 3.0 million atmospheres 21. A model of Earth s internal structure is shown below. 18. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below. A student on a field trip in New York State collected a sample of metamorphic bedrock containing bands of coarse-grained crystals of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, quartz, and mica. List two of the chemical elements found in plagioclase feldspar. Analysis of which type of data led to the development of this model? 19. Which element, found in both biotite mica and muscovite mica, makes up the greatest percent by volume of Earth s crust? A. nitrogen B. oxygen C. potassium D. silicon A. seismic waves B. depth of Earth s oceans C. electromagnetic radiation D. isobar gradients page 9 Winter Break HW 2015

10 22. What caused the interior of Earth to separate into layers? 25. A timeline from the origin of Earth until the present is shown below. A. a decrease in the rate of rotation of Earth B. the gravitational pull on materials of varying densities C. variations in heating by the Sun due to Earth s tilt D. collisions with meteors and comets At which letter on the timeline did the Ediacaran fauna exist? A. A B. B C. C D. D 23. Which plate tectonic events occurred as the Iapetus Ocean closed? A. Taconian orogeny and Grenville orogeny B. Taconian orogeny and Acadian orogeny C. Alleghenian orogeny and Acadian orogeny 26. The cross section below represents a portion of Earth s crust. Letters A through D are locations within the rock units. D. Alleghenian orogeny and Grenville orogeny At which location is quartzite most likely found? 24. Which mineral will scratch fluorite, galena, and pyroxene? A. A B. B C. C D. D A. graphite B. calcite C. olivine D. dolomite page 10 Winter Break HW 2015

11 27. An earthquake occurs at 12:02 p.m. A seismic station records the first S-wave at 12:19 p.m. Which set of data shows the approximate arrival time of the first P-wave and the distance to the epicenter? A. 12:11:25 p.m. and 4000 km B. 12:11:25 p.m. and 6000 km C. 12:19:40 p.m. and 4000 km D. 12:19:40 p.m. and 6000 km 29. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the map below, which represents two bridges that cross the Green River. Letters A, B, and C represent locations in the river. A ball was dropped from bridge 1 at location A and the distance and travel time to location B were recorded. The results are shown in the data table below. Travel from A to B Distance (cm) Time(s) 12, Determine the rate at which the ball traveled, in centimeters per second, from location A to location B. 28. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the laboratory experiment described below. The weathering of four different rock samples with different masses was studied. Each rock sample was placed in a separate beaker containing 500 milliliters of a dilute acid for 10 minutes. Bubbling was observed in some of the beakers. The data table below shows the mass of each sample, in grams, before placement in the acid and after removal from the acid. Data Table Rock Mass Before (g) Mass After limestone granite gneiss marble Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the world map below. Points A through H represent locations on Earth s surface. Identify the two lettered locations from the map that are least likely to experience volcanic activity or earthquakes. Approximately what percentage of the marble sample remained after the experiment? A. 0.4% B. 8.0% C. 20.7% D. 99.6% 31. Identify the tectonic feature responsible for the formation of the Hawaiian Islands. page 11 Winter Break HW 2015