Volcano Monitoring on a Regional Scale:

Transcription

1 Volcano Monitoring on a Regional Scale: Results from the CEOS Disaster Risk Management Volcano Pilot David Arnold 1 Juliet Biggs 1 Francisco Delgado 2 Matt Pritchard 2 Susi Ebmeier 1 Mike Poland 3 Simona Zoffoli 4 Eugenio Sansosti 5 5 (1) COMET, University of Bristol, (2) Cornell University (3) USGS, HVO (4) ASI (5) IREA-CNR FRINGE Workshop

2 Participants in the Pilot CEOS partners: ASI, CNES, CSA, DLR, ESA, JAXA, NASA, NOAA, USGS Other partners: University of Bristol (UK), Cornell University (US), University of Iceland, British Geological Survey, Italian National Research Council (IREA CNR), the Open University (UK), Volcano Observatories (several with confirmed interest in Latin America), VAACs (Buenos Aires and Washington), VDAP, Civil Protection Agencies. Research Consortia: IAVCEI, STREVA (University of Bristol), Global Volcano Model (BGS), WOVO, VHUB, COMET (University of Leeds), ALVO 2

3 Volcano Pilot WHY? Hundreds of millions live within 20 km of an active volcano. Estimated lives saved in last century by timely evacuations based on information from volcano monitoring (GAR15 report) 3

4 Volcano Pilot WHAT IS MISSING? Relatively few volcanoes are permanently monitored by ground based instruments Volcano observatories often do not use EO data Current EO data collection is not coordinated for volcano monitoring Need systematic observations before, during, and after volcanic events 4

5 Objectives of the Pilot Objective A Regional Demonstration Objective B Supporting Geohazard Supersites and Natural Laboratories Objective C Significant Global Event 5

6 Pilot Region: Latin America Santorini Report aims: 1) global background observations at all Holocene volcanoes 2) weekly observations at restless volcanoes 3) daily observation at erupting volcanoes

7 Pilot Region: Latin America Data for target volcanoes have generously been provided by ASI, CSA and DLR

8 Timeline Objective A Timeline: 2014: -Begin studies of target volcanoes (first data arrived in August 2014) 2015: -Continue studies of target volcanoes -Begin quarterly monitoring of all Latin American volcanoes 2016: -Continues studies of target volcanoes and regional monitoring -Collect feedback from end users 2017: -Develop broader EO strategy based on lessons learned during pilot 8

9 Pilot Region: Latin America Data for target volcanoes have generously been provided by ASI, CSA and DLR

10 Chiles-Cerro Negro de Mayasquer Scientists at the University of Bristol have processed and analysed CosmoSkyMed and TerraSAR-X imagery provided by the CEOS Volcano DRM Pilot. Ebmeier, Bristol Ebmeier, Bristol TSX, 14 th -29 th Oct 2014 CSK, 24 th May -27 th Oct 2014 CEOS data have been used to find fault geometries and constrain location of magmatic intrusion regular processing of CSK and TSX data since October 2014 to help volcano observatories 10:20 Magellan Room: Susi Ebmeier

11 Reventador, Ecuador Arnold, Bristol RSAT-2 amplitude image 06/03/12 Topographic change at Reventador Feb 2000 Sept 2011 Reventador had its largest historical eruption in 2002 and the eruption is still ongoing CEOS RADARSAT-2 and TanDEM-X data has shown the extent and thickness of new lava flows between 2011 and 2014 Data provide insights into morphology and rheology of andesite lava flows

12 Reventador, Ecuador Arnold, Bristol RSAT-2 amplitude image 10/06/12 Topographic change at Reventador Feb 2000 Sept 2011 Reventador had its largest historical eruption in 2002 and the eruption is still ongoing CEOS RADARSAT-2 and TanDEM-X data has shown the extent and thickness of new lava flows between 2011 and 2014 Data provide insights into morphology and rheology of andesite lava flows

13 Cotopaxi, Ecuador Spatially complex deformation observed in IG-EPN GPS network from Processed CEOS RADARSAT-2 data covering the period 2010 to 2014 No deformation > 0.5 cm yr -1 detected during this time Arnold, Bristol cm

14 Fernandina, Galapagos Vertical and East-West Velocity Components at Fernandina Volcano Combined 26 ascending and 34 descending images from March 2012 to June 2013 Radial deformation pattern, max displacement 12 cm

15 Deformation field model at Fernandina Volcano between Displacement [cm]

16 Sabancaya volcano, Perú Unrest started in Feb Complex sequence of mainly tectonic earthquakes Culminated (so far) in small August 2014 eruptions. Remote sensing (thermal & InSAR) sent to end users: paper accepted

17 Cordon Caulle volcano, Chile Large Plinian eruption in CEOS RADARSAT-2 and COSMO-SkyMed SAR data has discovered widespread posteruptive volcano inflation (~20 cm/yr) ongoing as of March No increase in seismicity above background. Met with OVDAS (Observatorio Volcanológico de los Andes del Sur, Chile) in Jan Results are helping shape GPS monitoring strategy Delgado, Cornell

18 Conclusions Initial results of the CEOS volcano pilot show previously unidentified deformation at target volcanoes in Latin America Currently expanding number of target volcanoes and will shortly begin comprehensive whole scale monitoring with Sentinel-1A and ALOS 2 Continued communication with end users will help shape future EO strategy for disaster risk management 18

19 Thank you

20 We are open to having new members in the pilot who are committed to the goals of the pilot, working with volcano observatories in Latin America Independent of the pilot, we are always looking to work with others to monitor volcanoes in the region via collaborations.