Coordinated Monitoring of Ash Eruptions in the Russian Far East and Alaska

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Reston, Virginia, USA Academician Evgeny Gordeev, Director, Institute of Volcanology

1 Coordinated Monitoring of Ash Eruptions in the Russian Far East and Alaska Dr. John Eichelberger, Program Coordinator, Volcano Hazards Program, US Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA Academician Evgeny Gordeev, Director, Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia

2 Some notes We wish to share our experience and learn from yours. We have many dry and real runs. We have not had the experience of an ash cloud sitting on hundreds of airports. Eyjafjallajokull is a game changer. Previous incidents were isolated and harrowing, without loss of life. This event demonstrated large economic impact.

3 Northern Pacific: An analog to the northern Atlantic Busy intercontinental air route Highly active explosive volcanoes midway under the route

4 Strong Volcanic Activity in Russia Koryaksky Klyuchevskoy Avachinsky Mutnovsky Bezymianny Chikurachki Karymsky Sheveluch Gorely

5 15 December 1989 Anchorage airport Pilot: KLM B-747 Kliuchevskoi 1994 KLM 867 heavy we are now descending now... Sarychev 2009 We are in a fall!!

6 December 15, 1989: Anchorage, Alaska KLM 747 landed safely after inflight failure of all four engines Melted ash on turbine blade

7 Volcano Monitoring in Russian Far East and Alaska AVO 3 linked volcano observatories SVERT KVERT Ash invades flight routes ~10 days per year

8 How we monitor volcanoes Gas cloud from satellite UV sensor AVO field installation AVO operations room Satellite surveillance for hotspots and ash Volcano deformation from radar satellites Volcano deformation from GPS Eruption onset from seismic network Magma chamber location from seismic tomography Volcano Hazards

9 KVERT receives seismic information from KB GS (the Laboratory for Seismic and Volcanic Activity). KB GS maintains seismic stations to investigate 10 of the most active volcanoes in Kamchatka. Data are received in real time and analysed to determine the number and type of seismic events at these monitored volcanoes. Karymsky

10 Bezymianny volcano, eruption on January 11, Seismologists of KB GS RAS determine height of volcanic ash plumes using a function of seismic signal envelope with time. An error of this method is about 25% for ash plumes up to 8 km ASL. Sheveluch volcano May 10, 2004 Photo by Yu.Demyanchuk

11 Where Network Funds Go Permitting Aviation needs helicopter and fixed wing support Logistics Shipping, freight, transportation Instrumentation, batteries, solar panels, etc. Data processing hardware and software Maintenance

12 Thermal anomalies at Kamchatkan volcanoes Sheveluch Bezymianny , 18:51 UTC (NOAA-15, 3 ch)

unrest Ground networks Can instantaneously detect onset of explosive eruption Can quickly

13 Why ground instrumentation is needed Satellite remote sensing Can detect ash clouds after they become a hazard Difficult to invalidate false eruption reports Usually cannot detect volcano unrest Ground networks Can instantaneously detect onset of explosive eruption Can quickly invalidate false eruption reports Usually can detect volcano unrest for early warning Redoubt, Alaska 2009

14 Color Code use at Augustine, 2006 Level of Concern Color Code Steam explosions Jan 11 explosions Jan 13/14 explosions Jan 17 explosion Figure by Mike Poland

15 It s important not to cry, Wolf!, too often.

Web sites: Observatory web sites provide all warnings and updates together with real-time monitoring data including webcam views. 4.

16 Communication tools 1. Calldown: Emergency response agencies are notified of imminent eruption and onset of eruption by telephone. 2. reports and notifications: Emergency notifications and daily to weekly status reports and activity updates are provided to all information users. 3. Web sites: Observatory web sites provide all warnings and updates together with real-time monitoring data including webcam views. 4. Other communication techniques: Eruption response plans, eruption scenario exercises, workshops, hazard maps, fact sheets. 5. Scientific output: Peer-reviewed articles per year in internationally available journals.

17 AVO works in partnership with other Local, State, and Federal agencies U.S. National Weather Service U.S. Federal Aviation Administration U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Department of Defense Alaska Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Alaska Department of Health and Human Services Details of how agencies work together are described in a written plan, updated every two years.

18 Recommendations Steady progress should be made in installing monitoring networks on high threat volcanoes. Ground stations are the only means by which timely warnings of eruptions can be assured. Because of the nature of the ash hazard problem, close collaboration between meteorologists and volcanologists is vitally important. The volcanic ash hazard to aviation makes volcano monitoring an international endeavor. There is a need for international meetings of volcano observatory scientists specifically to share monitoring experiences and establish best practices. The Eyjafjallajokull event has opened the door to much broader cooperation internationally among government agencies, scientists, and the aviation industry.

19 Безымянный. 9 мая 2006 г. Фото Ю. Демянчука Карымский. Ключевской. Шивелуч. Карымский. Шивелуч. декабрь, марта декабря 30 июня сентября г. Фото А. г. г. Hiroshi г. Маневич Фото Фото Ю. Ю.Демянчука Ю.Демянчука. Ando, Japan. Kljuchevskoi, Kamchatka, May 31, 2007 Шивелуч. 9 мая 2004 г. Ключи. Фото Ю. Демянчука

Growth of International Collaboration in Monitoring Volcanic Ash Eruptions in the North Pacific

Growth of International Collaboration in Monitoring Volcanic Ash Eruptions in the North Pacific John C. Eichelberger and Christina Neal U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological