Role of Science and Technology in Disaster Preparedness in Indonesia

Transcription

1 2014/SOM3/EPWG/SDMOF/014 Session 1 Role of Science and Technology in Disaster Preparedness in Indonesia Submitted by: Indonesia 8 th Senior Disaster Management Officials Forum Beijing, China August 2014

2 INDONESIA NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS IN INDONESIA Dody Ruswandi Prime Secretary BNPB The 8 th Senior Disaster Management Official Forum Beijing, August, 11 12, Number of islands 17,504 islands (1 st largest in the world) 81,000 km coastline (2 nd largest in the world) Population 237 million people (4 th largest in the world) Mega Biodiversity (10% plants, 12% of mammals, 16% of reptiles, 15% fisheries,17% of birds in the world live in Indonesia) 3 rd in the world 13% or 127 active volcanoes in the world (1 st in the world) INDONESIA between blessing and disasters Based on Population Census 2010, number of population exposed to disaster: 1. Landslide: millions 5. Flood : 60.9 millions 2. Earthquake : millions 6. Forest fire: 50 millions 3. Drought : millions 7. Tsunami : 5 millions 4. Typhoon : millions 8. Volcano eruption: 3,8 millions 1

3 Disaster Events in Indonesia Continue to Rise from Year Disaster trends in Indonesia rise from year Almost 80% of total disasters per year are hydrometeorology related (floods, landslides, droughts, forest fires, tidal waves). Future trends will continue to rise due to anthropogenic. Aceh Tsunami 2004 as Wake Up Call Disaster become a global problem Internasional Hyogo Framework for Action , agreed by 168 countries, as a DRR guide Indonesia Aceh Tsunami 2004 as 2 nd National Awakening heighten the importance of national disaster management law no 24/1997 concerning disaster management 2

4 Organization for Implementation of Disaster Management in Indonesia BNPB is the Indonesia National Disaster Management Authority, established in BNPB is a non-ministrial institution operating at ministry level and directly responsible to the President of Republic of Indonesia. National level : B N P B Established by Presidential Regulation No. 8 of Steering Committee BNPB Executive Body Provincial/District level : BPBD (Local Government DM Authority, established by Regional Regulation. BPBD (Provincial Level) 34 BPBD BNPB & BPBD have 3 functions: Coordination Command Implementation Steering Committee BPBD (District Level) Executive Body 426 BPBD Steering Committee Executive Body Science and Technology Are Very Important for Disaster Management in Indonesia Law No. 24/2007 regarding Disaster Management article 3 (1) : Disaster management based on principles of knowledge and technology Disaster management is multidiscipline because all branches in science are related to disaster. Disaster management enforces the optimum application of knowledge and technology to ease process of disaster management, whether at mitigation, preparedness, response, or post-disaster. Kamis, 11 Mei 2006 halaman 6 3

5 BNPB coordinates Ministries/Agencies and implement both mitigation and preparedness activities at pre disaster phase Many ministries/agencies in Indonesia act as focal point in accordance to main role and functions in monitoring, analysis, and evaluation related to disaster, such as: Earthquakes, tsunami, extreme weather (Agency for Meteorology, Climate, and Geophysics, BMKG), Vulcanic eruption and landslides (Geology Agency), Floods and droughts (Ministry of Public Works), Forest and land fires (Ministry of Forestry), Disaster researches (Ministry of Research and Technology), Remote sensing (LAPAN), Mapping and Geospatial (Geospatial Information Agency), and others. All information above passed on to BNPB. At the event of disaster, BNPB holds command function with authority to mobilize all asset of ministries, agencies, military, and police forces. Indonesian Tsunami Disaster Risk Reduction Masterplan ( ) Presiden Indonesia has asked BNPB to draft Tsunami DRR Masterplan post-8.5 SR earthquake Four main programmes within the masterplan: 1.Strengthen chain of tsunami early warning development of sirenes, information, earthquake detections, etc. 2.Development and increase of temporary evacuation shelters development of shelters, evacuation routes, signages, socializations 3.Strengthen capacity in preparedness and DRR development of EOC s, risilient villages, trainings, exercises, logistics, equipment, contingency plans 4.Development of self-suffice enterprises instrumentation industries, SME. Traffic-jam on road Medan-Banda Aceh, near Punge Bridge, City of Banda Aceh 8 4

6 Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (InaTEWS) Indonesia has developed InaTEWS that can relay earthquake and tsunami information 5 minutes after the incident, and disseminate to the public. InaTEWS was built based on seismograph network, tsunami buoys and tide stations that are spread in Indonesia Development of Shelters and Tsunami Early Warnings 5

7 Social Culture Approach in Tsunami Masterplan in Indonesia BNPB always strive to integrate local wisdom with science and technology to develop resilient communities Local wisdoms is people knowledge gained through long process of adaptations between natural phenomenon and the people as one, which become local asset to solve problems and difficulties, and can be inherited dynamically from one generation to the next. + Smong atsimeulue and Teteu at Mentawai Tsunami Early Warning System InaSAFE = Indonesia Scenario Assessment for Emergencies InaSAFE is a tool to obtain detailed information on existing resources in disaster prone areas and supports the decision-making in disaster management. InaSAFE can be used for the preparation of scenarios in contingency and provide impact assessment of disasters. 6

8 Involve People in InaSAFE Mapping InaSAFE is a plugin software integrated into QuantumGIS (open source software) to calculate disaster impacts. People are actors that understand actual conditions in their environment, as such people must be involved in mapping of disaster risk areas. Through training, people are able to map and organize scenarios to response to disasters. InaSAFE had been implemented in disasterprone areas. A few nations have learned how to adopt InaSAFE in their countries. Example of Buildings Submerged by Flood in Jakarta 7

9 InaSAFE WORLD CHAMPION 2012 InaSAFE Work of BNPB achieved Open Source Rookie Award of The Year 2012 InaSAFE achieved the award along with Yahoo dan Microsoft. This is one major achievement that InaSAFE is on same level with multinational products like Microsoft dan Yahoo GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION ( To provide geospatial information quickly and easily, BNPB provide basic maps, disaster maps and other geospatial information that can be accessed free of charge by the public. There are over 1,500 disaster maps in the BNPB s Geospatial Website Base Map: Indonesian Topographic map of scale 1: 250,000, and scale 1: 25,000 for disasters Disaster Map: Hazard maps (earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, landslides, vulnerability maps, map capacity, etc.) Disaster Monitoring: The events of recent disasters in Indonesia 8

10 Landslides and Flood Early Warning System Flood EWS River LEWS Detect land movements and soil moisture AWS & Main Siren Send SMS notifications to BPBD To prevent floods, BNPB and BPPT utilize weather modifications by spreading hygroscopic materials into and to stimulate clouds to release rain before entering flood prone areas. Weather modification technology had been applied in Indonesia and successful in reducing risk rains by 32%. 9

11 Towards ResilientIndonesia To embody people with aptitude: 1. Potency to anticipate 2. Potency to protect by blocking and evading 3. Potency to adapt 3. Potency to resilient Strategy: Towards Resilient Indonesia 1. Distant people from hazard. 2. Distant hazard from people. 3. Living in harmony with risk. 4. Grow local wisdom. 10

12 BADAN NASIONAL PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA (National Disaster Management Authority) Jl. Ir. H.Juanda No. 36 Jakarta Pusat Telp. : Fax. : Website : contact@bnpb.go.id : Facebook : Twitter YouTube : BNPBIndonesia 11