By Lillian Ntshwarisang Department of Meteorological Services Phone:

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1 By Lillian Ntshwarisang Department of Meteorological Services Phone:

2 Introduction Mandate of DMS Function of the Department Services to specific sectors Climate Services provide Information dissemination Stakeholder collaboration

3 Rainfall in the country is highly variable in space and time. Drought is the most frequent extreme weather event. Drought adversely affects the already fragile food and agricultural situation and seriously impairs the rural economy and sociocultural structures. About 70% of the rural households derive part of their livelihoods from agriculture and crop production is mainly based on rain-fed farming. (DCMS, Botswana 2014)

4 The IPCC assessment report has indicated that parts of sub-regions in Africa are among the most vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate variability and change coupled with extreme weather events. Botswana also vulnerable Climate information, products and services is therefore vital for application in agriculture and food security as well as other climate sensitive sectors.

5 The Department of Meteorological Services (DMS) is to provide quality meteorological information and advisory services for the protection of life and property and for sustainable development.

6 Providing critical information services to users in sectors including Agriculture, Aviation, Construction, Health, Military, Academic Research Institutions, Insurance and Recreation and the general public. Playing a pivotal role in providing relevant information and advisory services to alleviate the impact of natural and maninduced disasters. National Framework for Climate Services (NFCS) is not yet established in Botswana

7 Provides accurate and reliable weather forecasts for the public and issue special weather forecasts and warnings as and when necessary. Exclusively responsible for providing meteorological services, including weather forecasts, to civil aviation industry and the military Issues meteorological data and advice for use in water resource monitoring, planning and management. Provides accurate and reliable weather forecasts for the public and issue special weather forecasts and warnings as and when necessary.

8 Supplies climate data for use in the infrastructure design, construction, renewable energy and other sectors of the economy, and in the identification and selection of climate sensitive technologies. Provides climate data for environmental protection and assessment applications. Issues meteorological data and advice for use in water resource monitoring, planning and management. Provides climate data for environmental protection and assessment applications. Provides observed and future climate change scenarios.

9 SERVICES TO SPECIFIC SECTORS

10 The agriculture industry in Botswana is rain-fed. It relies on elements such as seasonal rainfall, mean and extreme temperatures to determine drought vulnerability, the length of the growing season to and improve planning and decision-making in crops types and yielding. The information assists in maintaining a sustainable level of food production.

11 The construction industry is reliant on understanding the potential risk of inclement weather and climate conditions, when planning project completion timelines.

12 Weather and climate data creates value for energy companies, as they make decisions to generate, buy or sell energy across regional power grids BPC/Eskom and other players in the Southern Africa Power Pooling (SAP)

13 Environmental consultants, private companies, and academic scientists often use weather and climate data for variety of applications. Environmental Impact Plan Environmental Impact Assessment Energy resource mapping for Botswana Urban Development Plan For inclusion in the National Spatial Plan report

14 The short and long-term status of weather and climate must be considered in designing, planning and executing a variety of construction projects

15 Long term predictions allow agencies to better anticipate fire fighting needs and improve fire preparedness.

16 Insurance industry regularly use meteorological information to measure the risk associated with natural or man-made catastrophes.

17 Professionals in the legal industry make use of weather and climate data, to assist with proving or disproving if environmental conditions may have influenced any circumstances surrounding a judicial case.

18 Many forms of transportation rely on weather for safe and efficient travel. The air transport sector is particularly vulnerable to weather induced traffic delays and safety due to bad weather

19 Many local and regional tourist destinations offer certain activities based upon the local climate

20 Information given assists water resource managers to respond to high temperatures, high evaporation rates,drought and floods challenges.

21 Climate Services/Products Provided

22 Daily Forecasts-Issued to the general public and agricultural communities. Contains forecast for the following data for all districts. The forecast include cloud cover, temperature and rainfall. Five days Forecast- For agricultural communities and general public. Contains forecast for the next five days. Information on the impact of the forecast provided and some advice on how to minimize the impact.

23 Contains observed climate statistics on monthly basis. Weather Summary Rainfall situation and Temperature Weather and Climate Outlook Drought Monitoring Vegetation condition (VCI) Drought Risk map Advice-Extreme hot temperatures, the public is advised to avoid prolong stay under the sun Impacts of the-e.g Poor vegetation condition, animal feeding is therefore necessary

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25 Describes the expected rainfall outlook. Given to the farmers and general public during the rainfall season Presented in three monthly overlapping periods; October to December (OND), November to January (NDJ), December to February (DJF), and January to March (JFM) Contains information on the performance of the previous season, seasonal rainfall distribution used for early warning, contingency planning, policy and decision in the climate sensitive sectors for socio-economic benefit.

26 The information is provided on request. Major clients for the information include Farmers, Government Departments, Statistics Botswana, NGO S, Research institutions, tertiary, environmental consultants). The information requested include Climatological summaries, rainfall trend, climate statistics for specified areas and time. Rainfall and temperature maps; temperature and rainfall statistics mostly used by research Institution in undertaking research in climate change. Future rainfall and temperature projection.

27 1970/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / /13 Anomalies Gaborone Annual Rainfall (July-June) Anomalies Linear (Anomalies)

28 Special Alert for informing stakeholders on potential risks Heat waves Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) -An international standard format for emergency alerting and public warning-implemented in October 2015 Public Weather Services (PWS) Some stakeholders also trained on CAP at the department; officers from Department of Water Affairs (DWA), National Disaster Management Office (NDMO), Botswana RedCross Society and Media (Sunday Standard).

29 Presentations at Kgotla Presentations at District council meetings Stakeholder workshops Radio and Radio call in programme Talk show (Television) Press Release Provided to Agriculture Ministry for Extension Services Social media-facebook

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33 Botswana has a strong network of stakeholders and organizations dealing with drought monitoring and mitigation that include; National Early Warning Technical Committee (EWTC), Inter-Ministerial Drought Committee and Rural Development Council. Institutions that monitor drought comprise of Ministry of Agriculture; Ministry of Health; Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development; Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Tourism; and Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources.

34 The EWTC makes planned trips round the country to assess the impact of weather and climate on crops, rangeland, animals, and water resources as well as the impact of pests and diseases on the crop. This information is used to advice the Inter-Ministerial Drought Committee (IMDC) on food situation. BDMS is a member of the IMDC, which discusses reports from the EWTC

35 THANK YOU

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