National Disaster Management Centre (NDMC) Republic of Maldives. Location
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1 National Disaster Management Centre (NDMC) Republic of Maldives Location
2 Country Profile 1,190 islands. 198 Inhabited Islands. Total land area 300 sq km Islands range b/w sq km Population approx. 350,000 Economy - Tourism and Fishing About one third of the total population is in the Capital Island Male.
3 GIS in Maldives??? GIS used to develop a Disaster Risk profile of Maldives In an event of major Disasters Digital Meteorological Data Dissemination (DMDD) system is currently used to receive satellite images to monitor the weather in the country In the process of establishing a GIS system, including Institutional and structural Arrangements. Spatial planning Unit exists in the Maldives Land Survey Authority under Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure Lessons Learned Review :Reviewing existing GIS assets and Resources and provide strategic advice on Spatial Referencing System. Cont.d No operational GIS system Sector specific data bases to name a few Ministry of Fisheries, on Bait Fishery, and National Statistical department on Census, A five year National Strategic GIS Framework, Implementation Plan formulated A new Geo spatial Data policy has been developed, and proposed.
4 Policy. Developing a Disaster Risk Profile for Maldives The programme was developed to support for providing incentives for voluntary migration to larger islands, initiated in 2002 with the long term objectives of reducing the number of inhabited islands and consolidating the population Population consolidation approach to incorporate the aspect of extreme vulnerability and develop measures to mitigate disasters Cont d Objectives of the Study To generate an elaborate disaster risk analysis of 10 islands, designated as potential Safe Islands selected based on location and population. To determine the probability of Hazard occurring across different regions of the country To Assess the complete range of vulnerabilities experienced throughout Maldives with reference to multiple Hazard events The influence inter-sectorial DRM strategies towards recognizing the dynamic form of vulnerabilities which are differently experienced across the region.
5 Cont d Multi -Hazard Risk Analysis based on: Historical data Geological, meteorological and hydrological evidence Geographical and environmental setting Vulnerability Assesment based on: Socio-economic context Asian tsunami experiences To influence inter-sectoral DRM strategies based on: Findings and lessons learnt Adaptation strategies developed Hazard Assessment Digital Base Map Metodology for spatial analysis and mapping No such map is available Topographic maps using aerial photographs Digital Base maps created from satellite images islands captured Using remote sensing Images ( USGS Landsat images and Aster images) Island Boundaries and their attributes information created. (e.g. name of islands, names of atolls, vegetation and land masses) The base maps has been superimposed on each of the hazard maps. Identification of islands based on Atlas of the Maldives (4 ed., 2004) Tsunami storms and Earthquake have been modeled using probablistic techniques.
6 Vulnerability Assessment Undertaken for Physical and Social Aspects Separately. Based on field Visits and Secondary Data Physical Vulnerability: Secondary data v Vulnerability and Risks associated Buildings : data Taken from Census. Social Vulnerability : Vulnerability and Poverty assessment Report forms the Basis. v Participatory Rapid Assessment / Focus Group discussions to correlate it with qualitative and perceptional data from the field. For all Hazards combined for each inhabited island, a risk index has been used to map every island. Cont..d Hazard Zone 1 <30 cm Range of probable maximum wave height cm cm cm cm
7 Key Findings Tsunami threat largely from the eastern fringe Probable maximum tsunami wave height is 4.5 m in zone 5 Northern atolls are at greater cyclonic wind s storm surges Probable maximum wind speed is 96.8 knots (180 kmph) in zone Sea level hazard is uniform across the country Impact is directly proportional to the elevation of island Seenu, Gnaviyani and Gaafu atolls ( most southern Atolls) are greater earthquake hazard Cont d Risk from physical vulnerability is more a function of exposure concentration Male tops the list Risk from social vulnerability is randomly spread across the country Male is at low risk
8 Constrains, Challenges, Capacity Building & Emerging Issues Capacity Building: Trained people/systems Constraints : Some of them have been analyzed below: Cost constraints: Software and Hardware Infrastructures constraints Educational constraints Data constraints: Existence and Accessibility of data for security reasons Constrains, Challenges & Emerging Issues Lack of Awareness and commitment Limited Resources Lack of Appropriate Methodologies Logistics and Accessibility Location and Topographical Features of the Country Lack of a legal basis to carryout a multi-hazard, Risk Mapping &, Vulnerability Assessments as mandate in accordance with expectations from all stakeholders
9 Key Recommendations Clear - cut Policies and Commitment Identify available existing GIS data and sources within all sectors Define Gaps, the methodology appropriate tools and Systems Integrate all sectors in GIS Database GIS can be used as a key element to provide good coordination between different organizations, governments and international institutions Thank You
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