Picture: Nigel Keeley. SustainAqua. Sustainable aquaculture in the North identifying thresholds, indicators and tools for future growth
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1 Picture: Nigel Keeley SustainAqua Sustainable aquaculture in the North identifying thresholds, indicators and tools for future growth
2 4 årigt forskningsråds prosjekt Norway International Raymond Bannister (Project leader) Nigel Keeley (WP2 leader) Lars Asplin (WP3 co-leader) Pia Kupka Hansen (WP4 co-leader) Astrid Harendza (WP1 leader) Reinhold Fieler (WP4 co-leader) Frank Gaardsted (WP3 co-leader) Xavier Pochon (WP2) Susie Wood (WP2) Dounia Hamoutene (WP2/3) Flora Salvo (WP2/3) Sebastien Donnet (WP2/3) Reidulv Bøe Liv Plassen
3 Background Aquaculture industry in the North is growing and further expansion is expected Increased number of >3600 MTB Raising concern about environmental impacts Excess feed & faeces, nutrients, therapeutic chemicals Total number of active licenses (salmon & trout) per year Nordland Troms Finnmark
4 Background To allow for a sustainable growth of the aquaculture industry "The environmental impact of aquaculture must be kept at an exceptable level" Norwegian Ministery of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs, 2009 Strategi for en miljømessig bærekraftig havbruksnæring. Environmental monitoring in Norway Standard NS 9410 Analysis of chemical and biological parameters from sediment and infauna samples Picture: Raymond Bannister Picture: Raymond Bannister
5 Background BUT fish farms are located over many habitats types, not just soft sediments. Sounds & fjords with steep slopes Larger fish farms located in regions with physcially dynamic water bodies Hard and mixed bottom habitats Challenges: 1. Lack of knowlegde on effects of organic enrichment on epi-benthic assemblages no threshold levels or indicators 2. Subtidal hard bottom habitats difficult to sample (depth, patchiness) no standardised method 3. Limited information on subtidal epi-benthic habitats in Northern Norway
6 Primary objective Understand relationship between ecosystem change and organic enrichment for hard and mixed bottom ecosystems Identification of potential biological indicators and enrichment threshold values. Provide data input for the development of future monitoring tools
7 Work packages overview Baseline data Validation Results WP1 Broad scale video surveys and environmental mapping WP2 Ecological interactions & potential biological indicators WP3 Modelling the spatial distribution of particulate organic matter WP4 Stakeholder engagement Science, NGO's, regulating authorities, industry Baseline - species & habitats Threshold levels Indicators Sampling methods Monitoring tool local & regional Discussion, development, implementation Development of new monitoring tools for hard & mixed bottom habitats
8 Work Package 1 Broad scale surveys and environmental mapping of salmon farms in Northern Norway WP leader: Astrid Harendza (APN) Objective Increase knowledge on the structure of hard and mixed bottom habitats and diversity of associated epibenthic assemblages in Northern Norway Focus: Under and adjacent to existing aquaculture locations
9 Study area Fin-fish farms: 13 Reference sites: 21 Depth: m Hammerfest Alta Tromsø
10 WP 1 - Methods Quantitative visual surveys Video surveys along the enrichment gradient at max production Quantitative analysis of sessile epibenthos (>5 cm) along transects Replicate transects - distance to farm Assessment of changes in epibenthic assemblages along enrichment gradient
11 WP 1 Habitats & epibenthic assemblages Bedrock Boulder Broken rocks, gravel & cobbles on sediment Gravel & cobbles, medium sand Coarse sand
12 WP 1 Enrichment gradient 50 m 100 m 200 m 350 m 500 m 800 m
13 Work Package 2 Ecological interactions of organic effluents from fish farming on hard and mixed bottom habitats and the identification of potential biological indicators WP leader: Nigel Keeley (IMR) Objective Elucidate interactions of organic enrichment with hard and mixed bottom habitats in Northern Norway Identify potential novel biological indicators for these habitats Three focus sites
14 Methods environmental pressures Acoustic mapping Multibeam and backscatter data Fine-scaled bathymetry & seabed sediment / bottom maps Sedimentation Sediment traps: TPM, POM, C:N, trace elements quantify flux of organic waste Hydrography Current meters & sensors: Current velocity & direction, temperature, oxygen, salinity, turbidity 50 m 100 m 200 m 400 m 800 m 1200 m
15 Methods biological parameters Fauna translocation experiments Quantitative visual surveys Grab sampling Sponge and soft coral species enrichment tolerance / threshold levels soft sediment threshold values to support establishment of enrichment thresholds for hard bottom epibenthic assemlabges edna Novel sampling approach 50 m 100 m 200 m 400 m 800 m 1200 m
16 Work Package 3 Modelling the spatial distribution of particulate organic matter in a dynamic environment WP leader: Frank Gaardsted (APN) and Lars Asplin (IMR) Objective Develop key input parameters (resuspension and decay rates) lab experiments Improve depositional modelling tools to reliably predict local footprints and regional spatial extent of organic effluents in Norwegian fjord and coastal ecosystems
17 WP 3 - Methods Lab experiments a) Faecal breakage Settling chamber with upwelling seawater Faecal pellet morphology and density - video recording system b) Resuspendability of faecal pellets on different sediment types Hydrodynamic flume experiments Faecel pellets: Size Structural integrity / decomposition state (whole, fragmented, debris) New modelling coefficients for breakage / decay, resuspension & mineralisation
18 WP 3 - Methods Deposition models a) Regional Ocean Model (ROMS) b) Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) g POM m -2 d -1
19 Work Package 4 Stakeholder engagement WP leader: Pia Kupka-Hansen (IMR) and Reinhold Fieler (APN) Objective Promote project outcomes to wider scientific community, regulating authorities, aquaculture industry and NGO's publications, presentations and workshops Provide input data for development of suitable environmental monitoring and management tools for hard & mixed bottom habitats within national and potentially international monitoring frameworks
20 Picture: Nigel Keeley Thank you for your attention
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