Navigation and Communication UNIS Winter Safety Course. Sara Cohen Staff Engineer, Arctic Geology

Transcription

1 Navigation and Communication UNIS Winter Safety Course Sara Cohen Staff Engineer, Arctic Geology

2 Course Objectives Use a Compass, Map & GPS for Navigation Use a VHF Radio, Satellite Phone & Emergency Beacon for Communication

3 Key Map Terms Scale Reference Coordinate System Geodetic Datum Every map has a reference system, which defines the coordinate system - The horizontal axis has numbers from east to west (called eastings) & the vertical axis has numbers from north to south (called northings) A coordinate system uses numbers to uniquely determine the position of a point Maps Maps are drawn to scale, and expressed as a ratio. If a map has a scale of 1:100,000; 1 unit on the map corresponds to 100,000 of that unit in the real world - Large scale maps cover larger areas, small scale maps cover smaller areas A Geodatic Datum is a coordinate system used to locate places on Earth - Datums are used to translate postions on maps to real positions on Earth - A datum consists of an ellipsoid, and then defines latitude, longitude & altitude coordinates

4 Maps Continuted (UTM System) -Locations can be identified by three numbers: Zone, Easting & Northing -The UTM system divdes the Earth between 80 S & 84 N latitude into 60 zones, each with 6 of longitude in width -Each zone is segmented into 20 latitude bands. Each latitude band is 8 degrees high, and is lettered starting from "C" at 80 S, increasing up the English alphabet until "X The last latitude band, "X", is extended an extra 4 degrees, so it ends at 84 N latitude, thus covering the northernmost land on Earth.

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6 Locating a UTM position A position is given by the UTM zone number and the easting & northing coordinate pair in that zone UTM grid coordinates are expressed as a distance in meters to the east & north UTM has contains grid lines spaced every 1km Eastings range from approx meters close to the poles, to m near the equator. Northings range from 0 at the equator to approximately 9,300,000 meters at 84 N

7 UNIS is at 33x The two first small digits refer to the 100 km route The two next large digits are called principal digits and refer to the 1 km route The last three digits represent the distance in meters east/north into the route. 4 digits 0491 accurate to 1000 meters 6 digits accurate to 100 meters 8 digits accurate to 10 meters, approximately the size of a house. 10 digits accurate to 1 meter.

8 4.6cm=4600m 7.0cm=7000m Short UTM: UTM coordinates: 33x

9 How to determine position in UTM 28,3mm=2830m 17,2mm=1720m UTM coordinates: 33x = SHORT UTM

10 Svalbard Maps In Svalbard the Norwegian Polar Institute provides a map service Maps are available in different scales which are published in several series Svalbard 1: (S500) Svalbard 1: (S250) Svalbard 1: (S100)

11 Svalbard Maps continued Overview of Svalbard topographic maps: Every map will contain: Name Scale Code Inset Maps Contour Lines/Data Map Data Legend

12 Svalbard Maps Continued TOPO Svalbard digital maps for Svalbard toposvalbard.npolar.no geodata.npolar.no (for downloading arcgis) Topographic Maps 3D Maps Aerial photos Satellite Imagery Let s look at Svalbard

13 Compass A compass is an instrument used for navigation and orientation The magnetized needle in the compass points to magnetic north, different from true north. Magnetic declination is the angle between compass north and true north Declination is positive when the magnetic north is east of true north In Svalbard the magnetic declination is 7 East Therefore you must add 7 to obtain a true bearing to the bearing shown by the compass

14 Magnetic Declination = 14⁰ Magnetic Bearing = 40⁰ MD + MB = TB True Bearing = 54⁰

15 If you need to find a correct course between two points from the map Remember: True Bearing Magnetic Declination = Magnetic Bearing True Bearing Magnetic Declination Magnetic Bearing is an angle found on the map. is determined on the map. is a compass course you have to follow.

16 Map Exercise

17 GPS Instrument which utilizes the Global Positioning System by connecting to satellites -Track your position and movement -Trackback -Make Waypoints and routes -Navigate towards waypoints -Moving map -MAP datum, WGS 84 or ED 50 -Position ref, UTM or LAT/LONG -Transfer GPS data into PC map system (OZI Explorer)

18 VHF Field Communication (Group to Group) Emergency Communication (Group to Vessel, Group to Group) BATTERIES! LOCK! Channels: CH 1 Skolten and Scheteligmountain repeater CH 3 Nordenskiöld and Zeppelinermt repeater CH 5 Radio to radio CH 6 Radio to radio CH 7 Såta and Ishetta telephone link MA 6 Maritime channel SHIP to SHIP MA 16 Maritime channel 16 (emergency Bodø Radio) SNSK Store Norske Spitsbergen Kullkompani

19 Letter Code Letter Code A Alpha N November B Bravo O Oscar C Charlie P Papa D Delta Q Quebec E Echo R Romeo F Foxtrot S Sierra G Golf T Tango H Hotel U Uniform I India V Victor J Juliett W Whiskey K Kilo X X-Ray L Lima Y Yankee M Mike Z Zulu

20 Radio Procedures Sara Sara this is Group Alpha Group Alpha, Over Group A, this is Sara, go ahead Sara, this is Group A, we are now at position 1, moving towards position 2, over Group A this is Sara, roger Sara, this is group A, out

21 Satellite Phones Field Communication (Group to UNIS) Emergency Communication (Group to UNIS, Group to Sysselmannen) Turning on procedures UNIS daytime UNIS Duty 24/ Governor emergency 24/ Hospital It is NOT possible to call Norwegian emergency numbers 110, 112 and 113

22 Emergency Beacon Emergency use ONLY 24 hrs signal in all conditions (not under water) Transmit on 406 MHz for world wide satellite coverage Local homing on 121,5 MHz for sysellmannen GPS unit gives accurate position information

23 Automatic GPS Tracking SMS Capabilities Emergency Function Iridium Satellite inreach

24 Communication Exercise