A.P. Human Geography Fall Midterm Student Growth Assessment 2 of 5 Written: Implemented:

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1 A.P. Human Geography Fall Midterm Student Growth Assessment 2 of 5 Written: Implemented: District # 228 SOCIAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT Authors: Ed Lipowski, Chris Vitt, Chris Hennessy, Pete Luby

2 1. The word "geography" literally means (A) the study of space. (B) earth study. (C) people and nature. (D) earth writing. (E) human ground. 2. In which of the following countries would you expect to find the highest rate of population growth? (A) Canada (B) Namibia (C) Sweden (D) Chile (E) United States 3. Which of the following projections places the North or South Pole at the center of the view? (A) Azimuthal (B) Choropleth (C) Pole view (D) Fuller's (E) Mercator 4. Cartography is the art and science of (A) demographics (B) map-making (C) spatial orientation (D) cognitive imagery (E) spatial decision making 5. A population pyramid (A) shows the age and sex structure of a population (B) cannot be used to compare two. different countries (C) demonstrates the demographic transition model (D) only accurately depicts declining populations (E) is most useful in illustrating social upheaval 6. The Pleistocene overkill theory argues that (A) hearths of early agriculture resulted from environmental conditions (B) geographers have overemphasized the importance of environmental conditions in human history (C) poor environmental management resulted in the ecological collapse of the Fertile Crescent (D) current human geography is not a product of the distant past (E) hunter-gatherers caused the extinction of many species after the end of the last ice age 7. In an address to the 1994 United Nations International Conference on Population and Development, India argued that, although population growth has placed pressure on the world's natural resources, by industrialized nations has also had extreme consequences for environmental quality. (A) fiscal policy (B) material consumption (C) tourism (D) international aid (E) racism 8. Geographical research that applies only to one place or region is (A) nomothetic (B) denominational (C) idiographic (D) nonscientific (E) cultural studies 9. Approximately how long did it take for Eurasian hunter-gatherers to reach the tip of South America after their initial arrival in Alaska? (A) 500 years (B) 2,000 years (C) 5,000 years (D) 20,000 years (E) 40,000 years

3 10. The demographic accounting equation computes future population as a function of current population: (A) + births - infant mortality + cohort (B) + births - deaths X life expectancy (C) + births - deaths + immigration - emigration (D) births / deaths - immigration + emigration (E) + immigration - emigration X demographic transition 15. According to Thomas Malthus, grows arithmetically, but grows geometrically. (A) population... food production (B) passion between the sexes... willingness to have sex (C) food production... population (D) technology... environmental impact (E) population... technology 11. Longitude is (A) the angular distance north or south of the prime meridian (B) the angular distance east or west of Greenwich, England (C) the angular distance north or south of the equator (D) useful in determining relative location (E) useful in describing a place's situation 12. The demographic transition model posits that (A) advanced industrialized. countries will have rapid population growth (B) pre-industrial states will have both low birth and death rates (C) countries with high levels of economic production will have lower birth rates (D) underdeveloped countries cannot become developed (E) time is the dominant force behind population change 13. maps work well for locating and navigating between places, while maps display one or more variables across a specific space. (A) Reference thematic (B) Thematic reference (C) Spatial cartographic (D) Cartographic... spatial (E) Topologic... choropleth 14. Latitude is (A) the angular distance north or south of the prime meridian. (B) the angular distance east or west of Greenwich, England. (C) the angular distance north or south of the equator. (D) useful in determining relative location (E) a measure of social or political freedom 16. In the gravity model of spatial interaction, population and distance (A) are inversely related (B) are directly related (C) each have multiple measures (D) do not affect the final solution (E) vary significantly 17. All choropleth maps use (A) shading and coloring (B) isolines (C) dots (D) graphs and charts (E) the Mercator projection 18. Cartographic scale refers to (A) the size of an object in the real world (B) the number of different objects depicted on the map (C) the projection (D) the relation between a distance on a map and distance on the ground (E) angular distance from the equator 19. Which of the following factors is most responsible for the dramatic demographic collapse of Native Americans during the Colonial Period? (A) The slave trade (B) Eurasian diseases (C) The hacienda system (D) Language extinction (E) Civil war

4 20. The National Geographic Society uses the Robinson Bay projection for many of its maps because (A) it is the only perfectly proportioned projection (B) it fits on the pages (C) it is versatile and aesthetically pleasing (D) it orients the United States in the center of the world (E) it sells at the newsstands 21. Geographic information systems use to display multiple spatial data sets. (A) thematic layers (B) cartograms (C) remotely sensed images (D) dot maps (E) isolines 22. The will increase over the next decade, as baby boomers reach old age and are no longer able to work and provide for themselves. (A) poverty line (B) population pyramid (C) arithmetic density (D) dependency ratio (E) doubling time 24. Maps like the one shown here are referred to as (A) perceptual regions (B) false maps (C) nodes (D) cognitive maps (E) functional regions Bay 25. Which of the following is true based on the map of global voluntary migration flows shown here? (A) Europe is experiencing significant out migration (B) Colombians are leaving their homeland (C) Climate is a significant pull factor (D) Asians from a variety of countries are moving to the United States (E) Australians are global wanderers 23. When the crude birth rate is higher than the crude death rate, the difference between the two is called the (A) total fertility rate (B) replacement rate (C) natural increase (D) natural decrease (E) life expectancy

5 26. The distance north and south of the equator is the (A) global grid system (B) Prime Meridian (C) latitude (D) longitude (E) scale 27. Which form of migration below are farm workers from another country most likely to be practicing during the year? (A) Chain migration (B) Cluster migration (C) Circular migration (D) International migration (E) International travel 31. The use and spread of English in nineteenth-century India is an example of what type of diffusion? (A) Stimulus (B) Contagious (C) Hierarchal (D) Relocation (E) Migratory 32. World population tends to be concentrated (A) in continental interiors (B) on continental margins (C) in the desert (D) in the tropical lowlands and river valleys (E) at higher elevations 28. Of these, the map using the smallest map scale would be the map of (A) the world (B) Atlanta, Georgia (C) Main Street, Small Town, Ohio (D) Pennsylvania (E) South America 29. All of the following are reasons major cities attract young people in Latin America EXCEPT (A) the availability of jobs (B) the potential for decent housing (C) educational opportunities (D) their families live there already (E) the urban lifestyle 33. The "melting pot" theory of combining several immigrant groups into one mainstream culture is called (A) amalgamation theory (B) acculturation (C) ethnic islands (D) ethnic clustering (E) cluster migration 34. Which of the following world regions is NOT considered one of the world's most densely populated regions? (A) South Asia (B) Europe (C) South America (D) Northeast United States (E) East Asia 30. Which country below is best represented by a population pyramid with a broad base that slopes quickly to a narrow top? (A) France (B) Russia (C) Austria (D) Uganda (E) Italy 35. Which one of the following is NOT a centripetal force in a state? (A) A high level of confidence in central government (B) The existence of strong separatist groups (C) The existence of national transportation networks (D) The national anthem (E) The national flag

6 What is the population statistic that tells us the level of fertility at which a population will have just enough births to replace parents and compensate for early deaths? (A) Crude birth rate (B) Replacement level (C) Mortality rate (D) Total fertility rate (E) Crude death rate 37. Which of the following statements regarding historical North American migration streams is NOT correct? (A) Canada's first major migration came from France (B) Canada's second major migration stream originated in the British Isles. (C) Canada's third major migration stream came from Latin America. (D) The first major migration wave to the United States originated in Europe. (E) The last major wave of immigration to the United States from Latin America and Asia 41. Which one of the following North American associations is NOT correct? (A) Southeast-African Americans (B) Oklahoma and the Southwest-Native Americans (C) Quebec and northern Maine-French Americans and French Canadians (D) Southern California-Hispanic Americans (E) Southern prairie provinces-african Americans 42. Which of the following factors has little or no impact on mortality rates in the developing countries? (A) New medicines (B) Improved birth control methods (C) Pesticides (D) Famine relief (E) Improved vaccines 38. A map that presents a single class of statistics is called a 22. (A) general purpose map (B) thematic map (C) reference map (D) mental map (E) location map 39. Which of the following is a centrifugal force in a country? (A) Religious differences (B) A national holiday (C) An attack by another country (D) A charismatic national leader (E) Effective national government 40. Which one of the following groups is excluded from the caste system of Hinduism? United States Population, According to the population pyramid above, which one of the following statements is correct? (A) The death rate exceeds the birth rate (B) The economically active and productive population is too small to support the youth and old-age population (C) Gender numbers are nearly identical until the older-age cohort is reached (D) The population is experiencing a rapid growth rate (E) The population is experiencing a high mortality rate (A) Scholar-priests (B) Warrior-landowners (C) Businessmen and farmers (D) Servants (E) Untouchables

7 44. Which one of the following items is an example of nonmaterial culture? (A) Dove soap (B) Dove candy bar (C) Dove symbol (D) A dove (bird) (E) Dove stew 45. The process whereby an immigrant learns the values, language, and customs of their new country is called (A) assimilation (B) acculturation (C) adaptation (D) amalgamation (E) dispersion 48. Which of the following is a major concern in countries with a large and rapidly aging population? (A) Immunization (B) Adequate schools (C) Daycare facilities (D) Birth control (E) Health care 49. If you wanted to find the global distribution of coal, you would use a (A) reference map (B) topographic map (C) thematic map (D) location map (E) general-purpose map 50. Which of the following best describes a "push factor" that would cause rural people in the Third- World to leave their farms and migrate away from their home community? 46. The map shown above is the following type of map: (A) statistical map (B) topographic map (C) general-purpose map (D) dot-distribution map (E) graduated circle map 47. Which one of the following demographic factors characterizes states 4 and 5 in the demographic transition model? (A) Zero population growth (B) High mortality rates (C) High birth rates (D) High sex ratios (E) Overpopulation (A) Guest worker policies in First-World countries (B) Civil war or armed conflict in the rural countryside (C) Job opportunities in manufacturing (D) Access to services and education opportunities in cities (E) Decreasing land costs for farmers 51. The concept where physical geographic factors such as soils, climate and resources shape a specific culture group's behavior and practices is known as (A) transhumance (B) cultural imperialismo (C) convergence zones (D) environmental determinism (E) Tobler's law

8 52. The long-term demographic effect of the One-Child Policy in China has been (A) large-scale out-migration of Chinese to foreign countries (B) reduction of the total fertility rate below the replacement rate (C) mass rural to urban migration (D) smaller total population of China (E) in-migration of foreign guest workers to fill low-paying service jobs 53. The effects of increasing worldwide use of the Internet, popularity of Hollywood movies and consumption of other English-language media would be examples of (A) cultural globalization (B) expansion diffusion (C) the Anatolian migration (D) contagious diffusion (E) vernacular regions Use the following diagram to answer Question As shown in Stage 4 of the model, birth rates can dip below death rates. A country that would be an example of this phenomenon would be (A) Sweden (B) Mexico (C) Brazil (D) United States (E) India 56. In countries that would fall into Stage 2 of the model, the economy would be best characterized as (A) service-based (B) heavy industrial (C) agricultural (D) high technology (E) post-industrial 57. In the diagram the point where population growth would at its highest rate would be (A) the beginning of Stage 1 (B) the end of Stage 4 (C) the line between Stage 1 and Stage 2 (D) the line between Stage 2 and Stage 3 (E) the line between Stage 3 and Stage The large-scale mortality in the population of Native Americans during the decades following European settlement from 1492 onward was vastly the result of 54. The diagram above displays the concept known as (A)Population Density (B) Demographic Transition Theory (C) Malthusian Theory (D) Rate of Natural Increase (E) Total Fertility Rate (A) warfare with invading European armies (B) changes in global climate which lead to crop failures and sea-level rise (C) slavery and forced labor in European-owned colonial plantations (D) infectious diseases introduced by European explorers and colonists (E) colonial government policies restricting the number of children in native families

9 59. The borders of American South or "Dixie" as a culture region are (A) defined by the locations of all NASCAR races and country music radio stations (B) poorly-defined fuzzy borders which overlap other American culture regions (C) a finite political boundary which surrounds the Civil War-era Confederate states (D) defined by the planting range of agricultural products like peanuts and cotton (E) a measurable transition zone of 10 miles along the Mason-Dixon line 60. "Doubling time," or the number of years required for a population to double in size, can be estimated by (A) dividing the total population by the Total Fertility Rate (B) counting back the number of years to when the population was half the current size (C) multiplying the Total Fertility Rate by the Rate of Natural Increase (D) dividing 70 by the Rate of Natural Increase (E) multiplying the Rate of Natural Increase by the Total Life Expectancy 61. Which of the following population statistics would be commonly found in newly industrialized countries (NICs)? (A) slow population growth and rapid urban to rural migration (B) zero population growth and rapid rural to urban migration (C) high population growth and rapid rural to urban migration (D) high population growth and rapid urban to rural migration (E) slow population growth and rapid rural to urban migration 62. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) can be defined as (A) the estimated number of children born to each father during a one-year period (B) the difference between crude birth rates and crude death rates divided by 10 (C) the estimated number of children born to each female of birthing age (ages 15-45) (D) the total number of children each female given birth in the previous ten-year period (E) the number of children per family required to replace the previous generation 63. The concept of scale, in terms of the geographical analysis of population, would be divided upon levels such as (A) private, business, government (B) 1:24,000, 1:1,000,000, 1:6,000,000 (C) census tract, city, county (D) male, female, dependents (E) gender, age, ethnicity 64. Pollution in the form of acid rain that can damage natural forest and lake environments is primarily the result of (A) the combustion of natural gas for home heating and industrial production (B) the burning of coal for electrical and industrial production (C ) the use of hydrochloric acid in factories (D) airborne emissions from petroleum refineries (E) water vapor from nuclear plant cooling towers 65. The identity of mestizos in Latin America is a mixture of culture and heritage from (A) Africans and Native Americans (B) multiple tribes from what is today California (C) Europeans and Africans (D) Native Americans and Europeans (E) Asians and Africans 66. Improvements in health care systems, sanitation infrastructure and personal nutrition are factors that lead to (A) increased total fertility rate and higher birth rates (B) increased birth rates and decreased life expectancy (C) decreased life expectancy and increased total fertility rates (D) increased infant mortality rates and increased total fertility rates (E) decreased infant mortality rates and increased life expectancy

10 67. Friedrich Ratzel is noted as the geographer who (A) established the concept of Heartlands and Rimlands in political geography in 1904 (B) devised the map and internal boundaries of colonial Africa at the Berlin Conference in 1884 (C) established contemporary human geography at the University of Berlin during the 1800s (D) first proposed the Concentric Zone model of urban geographic form in the 1920s (E) proposed German expansion into the Eurasian steppes as a strategy prior to World War II 68. The Prime Meridian is (A) located in Greenwich, Connecticut (B) 0 longitude (C) a meridian that cannot be divided by a whole number (D) N latitude (E) 180 longitude 71. The existence of Hindu Indian communities in places such as Guyana, Fiji, and South Africa is the result of (A) relocation diffusion (B) colonial-era labor migrations (C) religious conversions (D) migrants to high-technology development zones (E) rural to urban migration 72. The relationship between an object on the surface of the Earth and the same object on a map projection is known as what? (A) Map class (B) Map projection (C) Map scale (D) Map distortion (E) Map direction 69. The decrease in trade or interaction between different places as the distance between places increases is defined as (A) elasticity (B) friction of distance (C) distance decay (D) segregation (E) terminal costs 70. Major population centers in Canada are mainly located on waterways, ports and (A ) agricultural production areas, especially for wheat and corn (B) land borders with the United States (C) natural resource locations, especially for minerals and oil (D) animal resource locations, especially bison and fur-bearing species such as mink and beaver (E) hydropower production sites 73. What economist was the first person to predict a population crisis? (A) Thomas Malthus (B) Milton Freidman (C) Stanley Ernhard (D) Alfred Weber (E) Homer Hoyt 74. What stage in the demographic transition model has the highest growth rate? (A) Stage 1 (B) Stage 2 (C) Stage 3 (D) Stage 4 (E) Stage The delivery area of the Pittsburgh Gazette is an example of what type of region? (A) Functional region (B) Formal region (C) Vernacular region (D) Statistical region (E) Urban realm

11 23.