CHAPTER 2: KEY ISSUE 1 Where Is the World s Population Distributed? p

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1 CHAPTER 2: KEY ISSUE 1 Where Is the World s Population Distributed? p Always keep your vocabulary packet out whenever you take notes. As the term comes up in the text, add to your examples for the term and think about its significance. POPULATION CONCENTRATIONS 1. The world s population is highly clustered, or concentrated in certain regions. Four major population concentrations are identified in the text. Shade and label the areas of these concentrations on the map in red. TWO smaller concentrations, or emerging clusters, are also identified. Shade and label these areas on the map in blue.! Major pop. clusters! Other pop. clusters 2. Describe the four major population concentrations in the world. POPULATION CLUSTER East Asia WHICH COUNTRIES DOES THIS CLUSTER INCLUDE? HOW ARE PEOPLE DISTRIBUTED THERE? (CLUSTERED, DISPERSED, RURAL, URBAN) South Asia Europe Southeast Asia 3. What is the main difference between the Asian concentrations and Europe? Why is this important? 4. What are the internal differences with respect to population distribution in East Asia? 1

2 SPARSELY POPULATED REGIONS 5. Use the maps on page 47 to prepare a sketch map that shows non-ecumene and very sparsely inhabited lands. 6. What four areas do humans avoid, if possible? a. b. c. d. 7. What are some exceptions to this? POPULATION DENSITY 8. Using p , create three choropleth maps that show arithmetic density, physiological density, and agricultural density. Choose 3 different colors to represent each type of density. Arithmetic Density Population per sq. km! 200 and above! ! 50-99! Below In what circumstances is arithmetic density a misleading statistic? What are some examples of where arithmetic density is a useful statistic? 2

3 Physiological Density Persons per sq. km of arable land! 2,000 and above! 1,000-1,999! ! Below Why is physiological density a more useful measure than arithmetic density? 11. What areas of the world have unusually high physiological densities? 12. Why is this a problem in some cases and not in others? Agricultural Density Farmers per sq. km of arable land! 100 and above! 50-99! 25-49! Below How is agricultural density related level of development? 14. Why does the United States have such a low agricultural density? 3

4 CHAPTER 2: KEY ISSUE 2 Why Is Global Population Increasing? p Always keep your vocabulary packet out whenever you take notes. As the term comes up in the text, add to your examples for the term and think about its significance. COMPONENTS OF POPULATION GROWTH 15. Define and give an example of the following measurements of population change. Crude Birth Rate (CBR) Crude Death Rate (CDR) Natural Increase Rate (NIR) NATURAL INCREASE 16. What is the NIR today? 17. When was the highest NIR in history? 18. How many people are added to the world s population each year? 19. Where is most of the world s NIR located? Why? 20. How do the CBR, CDR, and NIR influence the doubling time? FERTILITY 21.Define total fertility rate (TFR). 22. What is the global average TFR? 23. What is the difference between CBR and TFR? 24. What is the spatial distribution of the world s CBR and TFR? What areas have the highest CBR and TFR? 4

5 25. Why do agriculturally based societies tend to have large families? In other words, why do wealthy countries tend to have small families? MORTALITY 26. In what way does the CDR not follow the same pattern as natural increase, CBR, and TFR? Give an example from the text to illustrate your point. POPULATION STRUCTURE 27. What does a population pyramid show? 28. How do population pyramids vary within the United States? Explain and draw. USA Lawrence, KS Naples, FL Laredo, TX 29. What is the dependency ratio? 30. What age groups are categorized as dependent? a. b. 31. Why is a high dependency ratio problematic for a country? Give an example from the text to further explain your point. 32. What is the sex ratio? 33. What types of regions are likely to have more males than females? Why? 5

6 CHAPTER 2: KEY ISSUE 3 Why Does Population Growth Vary Among Regions? p Always keep your vocabulary packet out whenever you take notes. As the term comes up in the text, add to your examples for the term and think about its significance. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION 34. All countries have experienced some changes in the NIR, CBR, and CDR, but at different times and at different rates. The demographic transition is a process of change in a society s population from high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. The process consists of four stages. We will draw this together in class. Stage 1 Low Growth Stage 2 High Growth Stage 3 Decreasing Growth Stage 4 Low Growth Stage 5 Decline 35. In the chart below, identify a country that is located in each of the stages. Describe how it got to that stage. Use the DTM samples and population pyramids on pages to help you with this. Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 No country Cape Verde Chile Denmark 6

7 36. Why did countries enter Stage 2 of the demographic transition during the Industrial Revolution? 37. What is the connection between the demographic transition, industrial revolution, and increased agricultural production? 38. How was the Stage 2 transition for Africa, Asia, and Latin America different than in Europe and North America? Think about what caused each region to move into Stage From a societal and economic perspective, why do countries enter Stage 3? Societal Economic 40. Why does a country need a TFR of 2.1 to reach ZPG? 41. How do changes in social customs of a society explain why a country moves into Stage 4? 42. What areas of the world are in Stage 4? DECLINING BIRTH RATES 43. Describe how improving economic conditions leads to declining birth rates. 44. If a country wants to reduce its CBR, why is the distribution of contraceptives such an important strategy? Give some examples from Bangladesh s experience. 45. How do economics, religion, and education explain the differences between types of contraceptives used and rate by country? 7

8 MALTHUS ON OVERPOPULATION 46. Thomas Malthus ( ) was one of the first to argue that the world s rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food supplies. His view remains influential today and is adopted by neo-malthusians. However, Malthus s theory has been severely criticized from a variety of perspectives. We will draw this together in class. Exponential Growth Arithmetic Growth CONTEMPORARY NEO-MALTHUSIANS 48. Summarize the two main points of Neo-Malthusians. a. b. MALTHUS S CRITICS 49. Summarize the reasons Malthus s theory is criticized. Resource Depletion Population Growth MALTHUS S THEORY AND REALITY 50. Discuss the factors that helped prevent Malthus s theory from becoming reality. In what ways was Malthus mistaken? 8

9 JAPAN S DECLINING POPULATION 51. What factors have contributed to Japan s population decline? 52. Why is this problematic for Japan? DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION POSSIBLE STAGE 5: DECLINE 53. What would characterize a possible Stage 5 of the demographic transition? CHINA AND INDIA: POPULATION POLICIES 54. In the chart below, summarize/bullet key points of India s and China s population policies. India China 9

10 CHAPTER 2: KEY ISSUE 4 Why Do Some Regions Face Health Threats? p Always keep your vocabulary packet out whenever you take notes. As the term comes up in the text, add to your examples for the term and think about its significance. EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION 55. What is the epidemiologic transition? 56. Describe each of the stages in the epidemiologic transition in the chart below. Stage 1: Pestilence and Famine Stage 2: Receding Pandemics Stage 3: Degenerative Diseases Stage 4: Delayed Degenerative Diseases 57. Describe the relationship between the epidemiologic transition and the demographic transition. 58. Some medical analysts argue the world is moving into Stage 5, which is characterized by a reemergence of infectious diseases. Fill in the chart for each of the categories considered to be contributing to a possible Stage 5. Evolution Poverty Improved Travel HEALTH CARE 59. How are infant mortality rates distributed globally, in terms of the developed and developing world? 60. How do the maps of life expectancy (p. 70), health care expenditures (p. 71), and medical services (p ) compare? Do you notice any patterns or trends? 10

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