Summary Questions Problems General Problems Dynamics: Newton's Laws of Motion Force Newton's First Law of Motion Mass Newton's Second Law of Motion

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1 Applications List Preface Available Supplements and Media Notes to Students (and Instructors) on the Format Color Use: Vectors, Fields, and Symbols Introduction, Measurement, Estimating The Nature of Science Models, Theories, and Laws Measurement and Uncertainty Significant Figures Units, Standards, and the SI System Converting Units Order of Magnitude: Rapid Estimating Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis General Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension Reference Frames and Displacement Average Velocity Instantaneous Velocity Acceleration Motion at Constant Acceleration Solving Freely Falling Objects Variable Acceleration Integral Calculus Graphical Analysis and Numerical Integration General kinematics in Two or Three Dimensions Vectors Vectors and Scalars Addition of Vectors-Graphical Methods Subtraction of Vectors, and Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar Adding Vectors by Components Unit Vectors Vector Kinematics Projectile Motion Solving Involving Projectile Motion Relative Velocity p. xii p. xiv p. xxii p. xxiv p. xxv

2 General Dynamics: Newton's Laws of Motion Force Newton's First Law of Motion Mass Newton's Second Law of Motion Newton's Third Law of Motion Weight-the Force of Gravity and the Normal Force Solving with Newton's Laws: Free-Body Diagrams Problem Solving-A General Approach General Using Newton's Laws: Friction, Circular Motion, Drag Forces Applications of Newton's Laws Involving Friction Uniform Circular Motion-Kinematics Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion Highway Curves: Banked and Unbanked Nonuniform Circular Motion Velocity-Dependent Forces: Drag and Terminal Velocity General Gravitation and Newton's6 Synthesis Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Vector Form of Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Gravity Near the Earth's Surface Geophysical Applications Satellites and "Weightlessness" Kepler's Laws and Newton's Synthesis Gravitational Field Types of Forces in Nature Principle of Equivalence Curvature of Space Black Holes

3 General Work and Energy Work Done by a Constant Force Scalar Product of Two Vectors Work Done by a Varying Force Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Principle General Conservation of Energy Conservative and Nonconservative Forces Potential Energy Mechanical Energy and Its Conservation Problem Solving Using Conservation of Mechanical Energy The Law of Conservation of Energy Energy Conservation with Dissipative Forces: Solving Gravitational Potential Energy and Escape Velocity Power Potential Energy Diagrams Stable and Unstable Equilibrium General Linear Momentum Momentum and Its Relation to Force Conservation of Momentum Collisions and Impulse Conservation of Energy and Momentum in Collisions Elastic Collisions in One Dimension Inelastic Collisions Collisions in Two or Three Dimensions Center of Mass (CM) Center of Mass and Translational Motion Systems of Variable Mass Rocket Propulsion

4 General Rotational Motion Angular Quantities Vector Nature of Angular Quantities Constant Angular Acceleration Torque Rotational Dynamics Torque and Rotational Inertia Solving in Rotational Dynamics Determining Moments of Inertia Rotational Kinetic Energy Rotational Plus Translational Motion Rolling Why Does a Rolling Sphere Slow Down? General Angular Momentum General Rotation Angular Momentum-Object Rotating About a Fixed Axis Vector Cross Product Torque as a Vector Angular Momentum of a Particle Angular Momentum and Torque for a System of Particles General Motion Angular Momentum and Torque for a Rigid Object Conservation of Angular Momentum The Spinning Top and Gyroscope Rotating Frames of Reference Inertial Forces The Coriolis Effect General Static Equilibrium Elasticity and Fracture The Conditions for Equilibrium Solving Statics Stability and Balance Elasticity Stress and Strain Fracture Trusses and Bridges Arches and Domes

5 General Fluids Phases of Matter Density and Specific Gravity Pressure in Fluids Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure Pascal's Principle Measurement of Pressure Gauges and the Barometer Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle Fluids in Motion Flow Rate and the Equation of Continuity Bernoulli's Equation Applications of Bernoulli's Principle: Torricelli, Airplanes, Baseballs, TIA Viscosity Flow in Tubes: Poiseuille's Equation, Blood Flow Surface Tension and Capillarity Pumps, and the Heart General Oscillations Oscillations of a Spring Simple Harmonic Motion Energy in the Simple Harmonic Oscillator Simple Harmonic Motion Related to Uniform Circular Motion The Simple Pendulum The Physical Pendulum and the Torsion Pendulum Damped Harmonic Motion Forced Oscillations Resonance General Wave Motion Characteristics of Wave Motion Types of Waves: Transverse and Longitudinal Energy Transported by Waves Mathematical Representation of a Traveling Wave The Wave Equation The Principle of Superposition

6 Reflection and Transmission Interference Standing Waves Resonance Refraction Diffraction General Sound Characteristics of Sound Mathematical Representation of Longitudinal Waves Intensity of Sound: Decibels Sources of Sound: Vibrating Strings and Air Columns Quality of Sound, and Noise Superposition Interference of Sound Waves Beats Doppler Effect Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom Applications: Sonar, Ultrasound, and Medical Imaging General Temperature, Thermal Expansion, and the Ideal Gas Law Atomic Theory of Matter Temperature and Thermometers Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Thermal Expansion Thermal Stresses The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature The Ideal Gas Law Problem Solving with the Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law in Terms of Molecules: Avogadro's Number Ideal Gas Temperature Scale-a Standard General Kinetic Theory of Gases The Ideal Gas Law and the Molecular Interpretation of Temperature Distribution of Molecular Speeds

7 Real Gases and Changes of Phase Vapor Pressure and Humidity Van der Waals Equation of State Mean Free Path Diffusion General Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics Heat as Energy Transfer Internal Energy Specific Heat Calorimetry-Solving Latent Heat The First Law of Thermodynamics Applying the First Law of Thermodynamics Calculating the Work Molar Specific Heats for Gases, and the Equipartition of Energy Adiabatic Expansion of a Gas Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation General Second Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law of Thermodynamics-Introduction Heat Engines Reversible and Irreversible Processes the Carnot Engine Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps Entropy Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics Order to Disorder Unavailability of Energy Heat Death Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law Thermodynamic Temperature Scale Absolute Zero and the Third Law of Thermodynamics Thermal Pollution, Global Warming, and Energy Resources General Electric Charge and Electric Field

8 Static Electricity Electric Charge and Its Conservation Electric Charge in the Atom Insulators and Conductors Induced Charge the Electroscope Coulomb's Law The Electric Field Electric Field Calculations for Continuous Charge Distributions Field Lines Electric Fields and Conductors Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field Electric Dipoles Electric Forces in Molecular Biology DNA Photocopy Machines and Computer Printers Use Electrostatics General Gauss's Law Electric Flux Gauss's Law Applications of Gauss's Law Experimental Basis of Gauss's and Coulomb's Law General Electric Potential Electric Potential Energy and Potential Difference Relation between Electric Potential and Electric Field Electric Potential Due to Point Charges Potential Due to Any Charge Distribution Equipotential Surfaces Electric Dipole Potential E Determined from V Electrostatic Potential Energy the Electron Volt Cathode Ray Tube: TV and Computer Monitors, Oscilloscope General Capacitance, Dielectrics, Electric Energy Storage

9 Capacitors Determination of Capacitance Capacitors in Series and Parallel Electric Energy Storage Dielectrics Molecular Description of Dielectrics General Electric Currents and Resistance The Electric Battery Electric Current Ohm's Law: Resistance and Resistors Resistivity Electric Power Power in Household Circuits Alternating Current Microscopic View of Electric Current: Current Density and Drift Velocity Superconductivity Electrical Conduction in the Nervous System General DC Circuits EMF and Terminal Voltage Resistors in Series and in Parallel Kirchoff's Rules EMFs in Series and in Parallel Charging a Battery Circuits Containing Resistor and Capacitor (RC Circuits) Electric Hazards Ammeters and Voltmeters General Magnetism Magnets and Magnetic Fields Electric Currents Produce Magnetic Fields

10 Force on an Electric Current in a Magnetic Field Definition of Force on an Electric Charge Moving in a Magnetic Field Torque on a Current Loop Magnetic Dipole Moment Applications: Galvanometers, Motors, Loudspeakers Discover and Properties of the Electron The Hall Effect Mass Spectrometer General Sources of Magnetic Field Magnetic Field Due to a Straight Wire Force between Two Parallel Wires Definitions of the Ampere and the Coulomb Ampere's Law Magnetic Field of a Solenoid and a Toroid Biot-Savart Law Magnetic materials-ferromagnetism Electromagnets and Solenoids-Applications Magnetic Fields in Magnetic Materials Hysteresis Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism General Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday's Law Induced EMF Faraday's Law of Induction Lenz's Law EMF Induced in a Moving Conductor Electric Generators Back EMF and Counter Torque Eddy Currents Transformers and Transmission of Power A Changing Magnetic Flux Produces an Electric Field Applications of Induction: Sound Systems, Computer Memory, Seismograph, GFCI

11 General Inductance, Electromagnetic Oscillations, and AC Circuits Mutual Inductance Self-Inductance Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field LR Circuits LC Circuits and Electromagnetic Oscillations LC Oscillations with Resistance (LRC Circuit) AC Circuits with AC Source LRC Series AC Circuit Resonance in AC Circuits Impedance Matching General Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Waves Changing Electric Fields Produce Magnetic Fields Ampere's Law and Displacement Current Gauss's Law for Magnetism Maxwell's Equations Production of Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic Waves, and Their Speed, from Maxwell's Equations Light as an Electromagnetic Wave and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Measuring the Speed of Light Energy in EM Waves the Poynting Vector Radiation Pressure Radio and Television Wireless Communication General Light: Reflection and Refraction The Ray Model of Light The Speed of Light and Index of Refraction Reflection Image Formation by a Plane Mirror Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors

12 Refraction: Snell's Law Visible Spectrum and Dispersion Total Internal Reflection Fiber Optics Refraction at a Spherical Surface General Lenses and Optical Instruments Thin Lenses Ray Tracing The Thin Lens Equation Magnification Combinations of Lenses Lensmaker's Equation Cameras, Film and Digital The Human Eye Corrective Lenses Magnifying Glass Telescopes Compound Microscope Aberrations of Lenses and Mirrors General The Wave Nature of Light Interference Waves Versus Particles Huygens' Principle and Diffraction Huygens' Principle and the Law of Refraction Interference-Young's Double-Slit Experiment Intensity in the Double-Slit Interference Pattern Interference in Thin Films Michelson Interferometer Luminous Intensity General Diffraction and Polarization

13 Diffraction by a Single Slit or Disk Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction Pattern Diffraction in the Double-Slit Experiment Limits of Resolution Circular Apertures Resolution of Telescopes and Microscopes tthe Limit Resolution of the Human Eye and Useful Magnification Diffraction Grating The Spectrometer and Spectroscopy Peak Widths and Resolving Power for a Diffraction Grating X-Rays and X-Ray Diffraction Polarization Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) Scattering of Light by the Atmosphere General Special Theory of Relativity Galilean-Newtonian Relativity The Michelson-Morley Experiment Postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity Simultaneity Time Dilation and the Twin Paradox Length Contraction Four-Dimensional Space-Time Galilean and Lorentz Transformations Relativistic Momentum and Mass The Ultimate Speed Energy and Mass E=mc Doppler Shift for Light The Impact of Special Relativity General Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Planck's Quantum Hypothesis Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect Photons and the Compton Effect Photon Interactions Pair Production

14 Wave-Particle Duality the Principle of Complementarity Wave Nature of Matter Electron Microscopes Early Models of the Atom Atomic Spectra: Key to the Structure of the Atom The Bohr Model DeBroglie's Hypothesis Applied to Atoms General Quantum Mechanics Quantum Mechanics-A New Theory The Wave Function and Its Interpretation the Double-Slit Experiment The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Philosophic Implications Probability Versus Determinism The Schrodinger Equation in One Dimension-Time-Independent Form Time-Dependent Schrodinger Equation Free Particles Plane Waves and Wave Packets Particle in an Infinitely Deep Square Well Potential (a Rigid Box) Finite Potential Well Tunneling through a Barrier General Quantum Mechanics of Atoms Quantum-Mechanical View of Atoms Hydrogen Atom: Schrodinger Equation and Quantum Numbers Hydrogen Atom Wave Functions Complex Atoms the Exclusion Principle The Periodic Table of Elements X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number Magnetic Dipole Moments Total Angular Momentum Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Lasers Holography

15 General Molecules and Solids Bonding in Molecules Potential-Energy Diagrams for Molecules Weak (van der Waals) Bonds Molecular Spectra Bonding in Solids Free-Electron Theory of Metals Band Theory of Solids Semiconductors and Doping Semiconductor Diodes Transistors and Integrated Circuits General Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity Structure and Properties of the Nucleus Binding Energy and Nuclear Forces Radioactivity Alpha Decay Beta Decay Gamma Decay Conservation of Nucleon Number and Other Conservation Laws Half-Life and Rate of Decay Decay Series Radioactive Dating Detection of Radiation General Nuclear Energy: Efects and Uses of Radiation Nuclear Reactions and the Transmutations of Elements Cross Section Nuclear Fission Nuclear Reactors Fusion Passage of radiation through matter

16 Radiation Damage Measurement of Radiation-Dosimetry Radiation Therapy Tracers Imaging by Tomography: CAT Scans, and Emission Tomography Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) General Elementary Particles High-Energy Particles Particle Accelerators and Detectors Beginnings of Elementary Particle Physics-Particle Exchange Particles and Antiparticles Particle Interactions and Conservation Laws Particle Classification Particle Stability and Resonances Strange Particles Quarks The "Standard Model": Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and the Electroweak Theory Grand Unified Theories General Astrophysics and Cosmology Stars and Galaxies Stellar Evolution the Birth and Death of Stars General Relativity: Gravity and the Curvature of Space The Expanding Universe The Big Bang and the Cosmic Microwave Background The Standard Cosmological Model: Early History of the Universe The Future of the Universe? General Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.