A Numeric Classification of Climate
|
|
- Nicholas Lambert
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 INTRODUCTION A Nueric Classification of Cliate Mark R. Cox Weber State College Ogden, Utah July 22, 1983 As one endeavors to create a syste of categorizing different cliatic types, he soon discovers that it is not an easy process. There are any factors and eleents of cliate which ust be considered. The world also has an infinite nuber of unique cliates that change through tie. There are no abrupt changes fro one cliatic province to another as one ight think by looking at a cliate ap. Each zone gradually eshes into the next adjoining zone, and the real difficulty lies in trying to deterine an appropriate point to plot a division line. There are several iportant ethods of alleviating this proble, but the tie eleent often causes cliatic conditions to change. This is why any scientists only use conditions for the last thirty years as a basis in deterining a cliatic classification.' One iportant ethod of deterining cliatic boundaries is to exaine visible vegetative changes fro one cliatic province to another. Tree lines, for exaple, are particularly helpful in deterining the boundaries of frigid cliates whether in polar or high altitude regions. It can also work to distinguish arid zones fro ore huid zones, although these boundaries are less distinct. In huid cliates having arked dry seasons, the edge of the deciduous forest is soeties used in deterining a cliatic boundary, although oisture content of the soil at different ties of the year perhaps would be better. Teperature is another iportant eleent of cliate and it is also used 29
2 as a basis of deterining cliatic boundaries. A coon teperature used in any divisions is the freezing point of water. This tends to divide the snow cliates fro rain cliates, and it also arks an iportant agricultural boundary. Of course, teperature fluctuates throughout the year, and a good cliatic classification syste should indicate the range of this fluctuation. THE NUMERIC CLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM My purpose for organizing a new syste of classifying cliate is to ake it easier for the average student of physical geography to understand the world's cliatic patterns. Initially, the Nueric Cliatic Classification Syste (N.C.C.S.) produces a nueric value consisting of three or ore digits representing a unique cliate. It is siilar to the Dewey Decial Syste used in libraries for categorizing books. This nuber ight be preceded by a negative sign which helps to identify the location of the station in question. Negative signs identify stations in the southern heisphere and positive signs identify stations on the equator, or in the northern heisphere. The first digit represents a oisture index which identifies conditions ranging fro very dry to very wet. Two of the values in this digit identify special cases relating to polar regions and regions of high altitude where factors other than the usual atospheric conditions can alter precipitation aounts. Gener- ally speaking, the higher the value of this first digit, the wetter the cliate is. The values ight also be classified into groups of two, each representing a particular period of tie during which precipitation will occur. For exaple, zero and one represent the dry cliates while two and three represent seasonal precipitation of the huid cliates. Four and five represent the all-year precipitation of the huid cliates although places with very brief dry spells ay be assigned a value of five. Six and seven represent the special case classifications just entioned, and no classification has been assigned to values eight and nine. Below is a ore detailed listing of what each value eans in the first digit, or colun. THE DRY CLIMATES Zero (O)-Arid. The average annual precipitation is less than one half the potential evaporation. This is the sae as BW in the odified Koppen syste. 2 One (1 )-Steppe. The average annual precipitation is one half, or greater, yet less than the entire potential evaporation. This is the sae as BS in the odified Koppen syste. 3 THE HUMID CLIMATES All of the values listed in the huid section apply to the following definition: The average annual precipitation is equal to, or greater than the potential evaporation. Two (2)-Dry Suer. Seventy-five per cent or ore of the average annual precipitation occurs during the winter six-onths, or low-sun sea- 30
3 son of the year. This is siilar to Cs and Ds in the odified Koppen syste.4 Three (3)-Dry Winter. Seventy-five per cent or ore of the average annual precipitation occurs during the suer six-onths, or high-sun season of the year. This is siilar to Aw, Cw, and Dw in the odified Koppen syste. 5 Four (4)-No Dry Season. An even, or near even distribution of precipitation throughout the year. This is the sae as Af, Cf, and Df in the odified Koppen syste. 6 Five (5)-Monsoon. The average annual precipitation is 250 centieters (98.4 inches), or greater. Monsoon cliates are usually characterized by a very short dry season where the surface soil never copletely dries out. This is the sae as A in the odified Koppen syste. 7 THE SPECIAL CASE CLIMATES Six (6)-High Altitude. This designation applies to all regions higher than 2000 eters (6562 feet) above ean sea level with the exception of polar ice caps. This is siilar to H in the odified Koppen syste. 8 Seven (7)-Polar. The average teperature of the warest onth is below 10 degrees centigrade (50 degrees Fahrenheit). This is the sae as ET and EF in the odified Koppen syste. 9 DOMINANCE OF VALUES To soe degree, a hierarchy exists aong soe of the values in the first digit. For exaple, the special case classifications (six and seven) have doinance over all other classifications when their criteria are et. A value of six, in particular, has doinance over a value of seven in high altitude regions with the exception of polar ice caps. In these frigid regions a value of seven will be assigned regardless of the thickness of the ice cap. If, however, exposed ountain ranges rise above an ice cap which is 2000 eters in elevation, or higher, a value of six will be assigned to the cliate in those ountain ranges. In the huid cliates, only the onsoon classification (five) has doinance over the other huid cliates when its nuerical conditions are et. The dry cliates have no hierarchical order; either it eets one criterion or the other. A diagra illustrating the general boundaries of the Nueric Cliatic Classification Syste appears in Figu re 1. The second and third digits in the Nueric Cliatic Classification Syste represent the average teperatures of the coldest onth, and the warest onth, respectively. The two values in these digits can represent very cold or very war conditions, depending upon the type of cliate and its location. Each of the values represent ten-degree increents on the centigrade scale (eighteen-degree increents on the Fahrenheit scale) with higher values representing warer cliates. Since the etric syste of easureent is the ost widely accepted, it is the one used in the Nueric Cliatic Classification Syste. Below is a ore detailed account of what each value eans when it appears in the second and third digits. Teperatures are listed in degrees centi- 31
4 6 HIGH ALTITUDE 2000 METERS FIRST COLUMN 7 POLAR MEAN SEA LEVEL > < II > G'l i ~ r-.., 0 II ~ c II II ~ 0... II ~ 0 THE SECOND COLUMN CANNOT 0 II r '" ~ 0 z... ::t BE LARGER THAN THE THIRD COLUMN COLDER WARMER AVERAGE TEMPERATURE O F WARMEST MONTH SECOND & THIRD COLUMNS THE GENERAL BOUNDARIES OF THE NUMERIC CLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM. Figure 1 grade with the Fahrenheit equivalent in parenthesis. THE TEMPERATURE RANGES Zero (O}-Sixth Degree Cold. Below C. (-58.0 F.). One (1}-Fifth Degree Cold C. (-58.0 F.) to C. (-40.1 F). Two (2}-Fourth Degree Cold C. (-40.0 F.) to C. (-22.1 F.). Three (3)-Third Degree Cold C. (-22.0 F.) to C. (-4.1 F.). Four (4}-Second Degree Cold C. (-4.0 F.) to C. (13.9 F.). Five (5}-First Degree Cold C. (14.0 F.) to -0.1 C. (31.9 F.). Six (6}-Cool, 0.0 C. (32.0 F.) to 9.9 C. (49.9 F.). Seven (7}-Mild C. (50.0 F.) to 19.9 C. (67.9 F.). Eight (B}-War C. (68.0 F.) to 29.9 C. (85.9 F.). Nine (9}-Hot C. (86.0 F.) and above. An iportant factor to keep in ind when deterining the values in these two digits is that the nuerical value in the third digit ust be equal to, or greater than the value in the second digit. The obvious reason for this is that the coldest onth 32
5 cannot be warer than the warest onth. Furtherore, in the polar cliates (a value of seven in the first digit) the nuber in the third digit ust be a six or less for the reason that the polar cliates always have average onthly teperatures below ten degrees centigrade (50 degrees Fahrenheit).10 A value to the right of the decial point has been added to the Nueric Cliatic Classification Syste as a coent, or optional value, used to describe soe outstanding characteristic of the cliate. This value is not a requireent of the syste, but it can help to clarify certain types of cliate as well as pinpoint their locations. At present, there have been only four values assigned to this decial colun which are described in detail below. THE COMMENTS Zero (D)-Desert Type Dry Season. The average precipitation for the driest consecutive six-onth period is less than one half the potential evaporation for the sae six-onth period. This value is applied only to the seasonal precipitative spectru of the huid cliates '(values of two and three in the first digit). One (1 )-Steppe Type Dry Season. The average precipitation for the driest consecutive six-onth period is one half, or greater than the potential evaporation for the sae sixonth period. Again, this value is applied only to the seasonal precipitative spectru of the huid cliates (values of two and three in the first digit). Two (2)-Dry Suer Steppe. Seventy-five per cent or ore of the average annual precipitation which does occur in the steppe cliate happens during the winter sixonths, or low-sun season of the year. This value is applied only to the steppe cliate (a value of one in the first digit), and it is siilar to BShs and BSks in the odified Koppen syste." Three (3)-Dry Winter Steppe. Seventy-five per cent or ore of the average annual precipitation which does occur in the steppe cliate happens during the suer sixonths, or high-sun season of the year. Again, this value is applied only to the steppe cliate (a value of one in the first digit), and it is siilar to BShw and BSkw in the odified Koppen syste.'2 APPLICATION OF THE NUMERIC CLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Applying the Nueric Cliatic Classification Syste to different parts of the world, it was discovered that there were ore divisions in cliate than ight be expected, particularly when teperature differences were involved.'3 This is illustrated with a ap of the world using the Nueric Cliatic Classification Syste which appears in Figure 2. This ap represents a coposite over-lay of three other aps. These include a precipitation index ap, an isother ap of the coldest-onth averages and an isother ap of the warest-onth averages. Because of size reductions a better rendition of the key to this ap appears in Figure 3. In the high altitude regions, where endless varieties of local cliates often exist 33
6 ., ". 745 N.", , Figure 2 HUNDRED'S DIGIT PRECIPITA- ONE'S DIGIT AVE. TEMP. OF TION FACTOR WARMEST MONTH I_I. SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE TEM~EBAI!.!BE RA~GESi DRY CLIMATES "0"2 BELOW C. 0 DESERT "I' C. TO -40.l o C. "I' STEPPE '2" C. TO C. ~UMIt2 ~L.IMATES "3" C. TO C. 2" DRY SUMMER "4" C. TO -IO.loC. "3": DRY WINTER "5" C. TO C. "4" NO DRY SEASON "6".0.0 C. TO 9.9 C. "5" MONSOON "7" 10.0 C. TO 19.9 C. S~E~IAL. ~ASE ~I.IMAIES "8"= 20.0 C. TO 29.9 C. "6 HIGH ALTITUDE (ALT. "9" 30.0 C. AND ABOVE 2000 METERS OR MORE) TENTH'S t2igii COMMENT "7" POLAR (AVE. TEMP. OF ".2" DRY SUMMER STEPPE WARMEST MO. BELOWIO C~ ".3" DRY WINTER STEPPE TEN'S t21~ii AVE. TEMP. OF COLDEST MONTH 1983 by M.C. 34 LEGEND TO THE TWO MAPS USING THE NUMERIC CLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Figure 3
7 Figure 4 due to the abrupt changes of altitude and exposure, only the first digit of the classification is listed on the ap. If, however, the classification represents a single weather station in the high altitude region, the entire three-digit value is used. A cliatic ap of the United States using this sae syste appears in Figure 4. This shows in greater detail cliates that would otherwise be hidden on the world ap, especially in the western part of the country. The degree of continentality throughout the world is also illustrated quite well with this syste. Tropical regions have a relatively low teperature range and the classification would therefore be characterized by having equal or near equal values in the second and third digits. If the two are equal in value, the teperature range is within ten degrees centigrade (18 degrees Fahrenheit). Because land surfaces heat and cool faster than water surfaces, the regions with the greatest teperature range are usually found in the extree interiors of the continents. Eastern Siberia has the greatest teperature range on earth where there is a difference of seven units between the second and third digits. 14 In conclusion, it ight be noted that the ain reason I used nubers instead of letters in the Nueric Cliatic Classification Syste is that nubers see ore adequate than letters for easuring cliates and other phenoena. Although there are any adjustents 35
8 that need to be ade to the Nueric Cliatic Classification Syste, it can presently serve as a ore efficient guide to the different cliatic regions of the world than other systes now in use. NOTES 1. Don R. Murphy. " One Hundred Years of Utah Cliate." Utah Historical Ouarterly. Vol. 46 No. 4 (Fall 1978), p Glenn T. Trewartha, An Introduction to Cliate, (New York: McGraw-Hili, 1954), p Ibid. 4. Ibid.. p Ibid., pp Ibid. 7. Ibid., p Ibid., Plate I. 9. Ibid., p Ibid. 11. Ibid.. p Ibid. 13. Reid A. Bryson and F. Kenneth Hare, " Cliates of North Aerica:' World Survey of Cliatology, Vol. 11 (Asterda : Elsevier, 1977), pp , Paul E. Lydolph, "Cliates of the Soviet Union," World Survey of Cliatology, Vol. 7 (Asterda : Elsevier, 1977), p
Our climate system is based on the location of hot and cold air mass regions and the atmospheric circulation created by trade winds and westerlies.
CLIMATE REGIONS Have you ever wondered why one area of the world is a desert, another a grassland, and another a rainforest? Or have you wondered why are there different types of forests and deserts with
More informationClimate Classification
Chapter 15: World Climates The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th Lutgens Tarbuck Lectures by: Heather Gallacher, Cleveland State University Climate Classification Köppen classification:
More informationClimate Chapter 19. Earth Science, 10e. Stan Hatfield and Ken Pinzke Southwestern Illinois College
Climate Chapter 19 Earth Science, 10e Stan Hatfield and Ken Pinzke Southwestern Illinois College The climate system A. Climate is an aggregate of weather B. Involves the exchanges of energy and moisture
More informationWHAT CAN MAPS TELL US ABOUT THE GEOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT GREECE? MAP TYPE 1: CLIMATE MAPS
WHAT CAN MAPS TELL US ABOUT THE GEOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT GREECE? MAP TYPE 1: CLIMATE MAPS MAP TYPE 2: PHYSICAL AND/OR TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS MAP TYPE 3: POLITICAL MAPS TYPE 4: RESOURCE & TRADE MAPS Descriptions
More informationAll objects emit radiation. Radiation Energy that travels in the form of waves Waves release energy when absorbed by an object. Earth s energy budget
Radiation Energy that travels in the form of waves Waves release energy when absorbed by an object Example: Sunlight warms your face without necessarily heating the air Shorter waves carry more energy
More informationEarth s Climates. Understanding Weather and Climate. Chapter 15 Lecture. Seventh Edition
Chapter 15 Lecture Understanding Weather and Climate Seventh Edition Earth s Climates Frode Stordal, University of Oslo Redina L. Herman Western Illinois University Climate and Controlling Factors Climate
More informationLecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 20 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 20 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
More informationENVIRONMENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: CLIMATE SYSTEM Vol. I - Objective Empiric Classifications of Earth s Climate - E.I.
OBJECTIVE EMPIRIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF EARTH S CLIMATE E.I.Khlebnikova Main Geophysical Observatory, St.Petersburg, Russia Keywords: actual evapotranspiration, aridity index, evapotranspiration, humidity
More informationElements of weather and climate Temperature Range of temperature Seasonal temperature pattern Rainfall
Climate Earth Science Chapter 20 Pages 560-573 Elements of weather and climate Temperature Range of temperature Seasonal temperature pattern Rainfall Overall rainfall Seasonal distribution of rainfall
More informationClimate Classification Chapter 7
Climate Classification Chapter 7 Climate Systems Earth is extremely diverse No two places exactly the same Similarities between places allow grouping into regions Climates influence ecosystems Why do we
More informationEnergy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate
Energy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate between weather and climate Global Climate Focus Question
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 21 Climate 21.1 Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Latitude As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. The
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 21 Climate 21.1 Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Latitude As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. The
More informationChapter 3 Section 3 World Climate Regions In-Depth Resources: Unit 1
Guided Reading A. Determining Cause and Effect Use the organizer below to show the two most important causes of climate. 1. 2. Climate B. Making Comparisons Use the chart below to compare the different
More informationThe Global Scope of Climate. The Global Scope of Climate. Keys to Climate. Chapter 8
The Global Scope of Climate Chapter 8 The Global Scope of Climate In its most general sense, climate is the average weather of a region, but except where conditions change very little during the course
More informationRegional Climatology. Lab Number Two (10pts) Climatic Classification and Polar Climates
Name: Time of Class: Due Date: Regional Climatology Lab Number Two (10pts) Climatic Classification and Polar Climates Part I: Group Discussion and Answer Directions: Arrange a group of three individuals.
More informationMeteorology. Chapter 15 Worksheet 1
Chapter 15 Worksheet 1 Meteorology Name: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) The Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle are examples of locations determined by: a) measuring systems.
More informationWorld Geography Chapter 3
World Geography Chapter 3 Section 1 A. Introduction a. Weather b. Climate c. Both weather and climate are influenced by i. direct sunlight. ii. iii. iv. the features of the earth s surface. B. The Greenhouse
More informationPhysical Geography Lab Activity #16
Physical Geography Lab Activity #16 Due date Name California Climate Classification COR Objective 6, SLO 3 16.1. Introduction One of the most important factors in the physical geography of a place is its
More informationClimate. Earth Science Chapter 20 Pages
Academic Excellence Showcase Thursday, May 27 Two points credit for each talk you attend in Earth science 8:30 to 10:30 AM, in NS 101 General Science video productions: Energy 9:00 to 11:00 AM, in NS 218
More informationFactors That Affect Climate
Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Latitude As latitude (horizontal lines) increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. The tropical zone is between the tropic of Cancer and
More information16 Global Climate. Learning Goals. Summary. After studying this chapter, students should be able to:
16 Global Climate Learning Goals After studying this chapter, students should be able to: 1. associate the world s six major vegetation biomes to climate (pp. 406 408); 2. describe methods for classifying
More informationforest tropical jungle swamp marsh prairie savanna pampas Different Ecosystems (rainforest)
Different Ecosystems forest A region of land that is covered with many trees and shrubs. tropical jungle (rainforest) swamp A region with dense trees and a variety of plant life. It has a tropical climate.
More informationCLIMATE. SECTION 14.1 Defining Climate
Date Period Name CLIMATE SECTION.1 Defining Climate In your textbook, read about climate and different types of climate data. Put a check ( ) next to the types of data that describe climate. 1. annual
More informationTropical Moist Rainforest
Tropical or Lowlatitude Climates: Controlled by equatorial tropical air masses Tropical Moist Rainforest Rainfall is heavy in all months - more than 250 cm. (100 in.). Common temperatures of 27 C (80 F)
More informationThe following terms are some of the vocabulary that students should be familiar with in order to fully master this lesson.
Lesson 501: LIMATE A location's climate is determined by the long-term pattern of temperature and precipitation. limate affects many aspects of our lives and cultures. Fundamental Questions Attempting
More informationCLIMATE CLIMATE STUDYING CLIMATE. PART II: People and their 3/20/2018. GEOG 101 Part II People and their Physical Environment R E M I N D E R S
Two required essays are due by March 27, 2018. (A third may be used for extra credit in place of a Think Geographically essay.) ESSAY TOPIS (choose any two): ontributions of a noted geographer, earth scientist
More informationPART II. Physical Landscape Chapters 2 5 CLIMATE CLIMATE STUDYING CLIMATE R E M I N D E R S. PART II: People and their Physical Environment 10/26/2017
R E M I N D E R S Two required essays are due by Nov. 13, 2017. (A third may be used for extra credit in place of a Think Geographically essay.) ESSAY TOPIS (choose any two): ontributions of a noted geographer,
More informationModule 11: Meteorology Topic 3 Content: Climate Zones Notes
Introduction Latitude is such an important climate factor that you can make generalizations about a location's climate based on its latitude. Areas near the equator or the low latitudes are generally hot
More informationPHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By Brett Lucas
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY By Brett Lucas CLIMATIC ZONES AND TYPES Climatic Zones and Types Climatic Classification & Climographs Tropical Humid Climates (Zone A) Dry Climates (Zone B) Mild Midlatitude Climates
More informationClimate. What is climate? STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY. Name Class Date
Climate SECTION 14.1 What is climate? In your textbook, read about climate and different types of climate data. Put a check ( ) next to the types of data that describe climate. 1. annual wind speed 4.
More informationWhat is Climate? Understanding and predicting climatic changes are the basic goals of climatology.
What is Climate? Understanding and predicting climatic changes are the basic goals of climatology. Climatology is the study of Earth s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climatic
More informationCLIMATE DEFINED CLIMATE INFLUENCES STUDYING CLIMATE R E M I N D E R S. PART II: People and their 10/19/2018
R E M I N D E R S Two required essays are due by Oct. 30, 2018. (A third may be used for extra credit in place of a Think Geographically essay.) ESSAY TOPIS (choose any two): ontributions of a noted geographer,
More informationName Period Date. Analyzing Climographs
Name Period Date Analyzing Climographs Climographs: It is often helpful to plot two different types of data on the same graph. For example, a climograph is a single graph that charts both the average temperature
More informationGEOGRAPHY 1114 LABORATORY EXAM Points possible LAB TIME/DAY 2 points per question CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER IT SHOULD BE BEST BY FAR
GEOGRAPHY 1114 LABORATORY EXAM 1 Spring 2011 NAME TEACHING ASSISTANT 50 Points possible LAB TIME/DAY 2 points per question CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER IT SHOULD BE BEST BY FAR ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN PENCIL
More informationHumidity parameters. Saturation (equilibrium) vapor pressure Condensation balances evaporation
uidity paraeters Saturation (equilibriu) vapor pressure Condensation balances evaporation Miing ratio & specific huidity Mass ratio of water vapor and air and water content and wet air. Dew point & frost
More informationGlobal Climates. Name Date
Global Climates Name Date No investigation of the atmosphere is complete without examining the global distribution of the major atmospheric elements and the impact that humans have on weather and climate.
More informationNational 5 Summary Notes
North Berwick High School Departent of Physics National 5 Suary Notes Unit 3 Energy National 5 Physics: Electricity and Energy 1 Throughout the Course, appropriate attention should be given to units, prefixes
More informationLAB J - WORLD CLIMATE ZONES
Introduction LAB J - WORLD CLIMATE ZONES The objective of this lab is to familiarize the student with the various climates around the world and the climate controls that influence these climates. Students
More informationKeys to Climate Climate Classification Low Latitude Climates Midlatitude Climates High Latitude Climates Highland Climates Our Changing Climate
Climate Global Climates Keys to Climate Climate Classification Low Latitude Climates Midlatitude Climates High Latitude Climates Highland Climates Our Changing Climate Keys to Climate Climate the average
More informationGLOBAL CLIMATES FOCUS
which you will learn more about in Chapter 6. Refer to the climate map and chart on pages 28-29 as you read the rest of this chapter. FOCUS GLOBAL CLIMATES What are the major influences on climate? Where
More informationAgronomy 406 World Climates
Agronomy 406 World Climates March 1, 2018 A world tour of climates, including extremes (finish). Team 1 Climate News next Thursday, March 8 Review: Kottek et al. (2006): World map of the Köppen-Geiger
More informationMediterranean Climates (Csa, Csb)
Climatic Zones & Types Part II I've lived in good climate, and it bores the hell out of me. I like weather rather than climate. 1 John Steinbeck Mediterranean Climates (Csa, Csb) Main locations Western
More informationClimate Classification Coded within Last 100 years developed by Vladimir Koppen
Part II Climates: Climate is the average of weather over a twenty to thirty year period, - 1.Temperature: by month/year and threshold temperature -2.Rainfall: by month/year and threshold amounts -3.Soil-environmentitenverature/moisture
More information3 Temperate and Polar Zones
CHAPTER 3 3 Temperate and Polar Zones SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What biomes are found in the temperate zone? What biomes
More informationClimates are described by the same conditions used to describe
58 The Causes of Climate R EA D I N G Climates are described by the same conditions used to describe weather, such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. You now know that oceans have an important effect
More informationBell Work. REVIEW: Our Planet Earth Page 29 Document A & B Questions
9.12.16 Bell Work REVIEW: Our Planet Earth Page 29 Document A & B Questions Intro to Climate & Weather https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhgyoa70q7y Weather vs. Climate Video Climate & Weather 3.1 Weather
More informationSocial Studies. Chapter 2 Canada s Physical Landscape
Social Studies Chapter 2 Canada s Physical Landscape Introduction Canada s geography its landforms and climate - has a great impact on Canadians sense of identity. Planet Earth The earth is divided into
More informationClimates of Earth. Lesson Outline LESSON 1. A. What is climate? 1. is the long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region.
Lesson Outline LESSON 1 A. What is climate? 1. is the long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region. 2. Climate depends on how average weather conditions throughout the year. B.
More informationFactors that Affect Climate
Factors that Affect Climate What is climate? Climate is the average weather conditions over a long period of time Includes average temperatures and precipitation, wind patterns, humidity, air pressure
More informationEarth Science Lesson Plan Quarter 2, Week 6, Day 1
Earth Science Lesson Plan Quarter 2, Week 6, Day 1 1 Outcomes for Today Standard Focus: Earth Sciences 5.f students know the interaction of wind patterns, ocean currents, and mountain ranges results in
More informationChapter 1 Section 2. Land, Water, and Climate
Chapter 1 Section 2 Land, Water, and Climate Vocabulary 1. Landforms- natural features of the Earth s land surface 2. Elevation- height above sea level 3. Relief- changes in height 4. Core- most inner
More informationWorld geography 3200/3202 Unit 2 review
World geography 3200/3202 Unit 2 review 1. Does this statement use the terms revolve & rotate correctly? "Saturn revolves on its axis while several moons rotate around it." 2. Does this statement use the
More informationTropical Climates Zone
Tropical Climates Zone RAIN FOREST CENTRAL AFRICA, SOUTH AMERICA (AMAZON), CENTRAL AMERICA, S.E. ASIA HUMID/WARM ANNUAL RAINFALL 200 CM TYPE #1: TROPICAL DESERT N. AFRICA (SAHARA) & S.W. ASIA < 25 CM
More information1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?
CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ
More information6. State two factors and explain how each influences the weather in Ohio. Respond in the space provided in your Answer Document.
6. State two factors and explain how each influences the weather in Ohio. Respond in the space provided in your Answer Document. (4 points) Sample Response for Item 6 (Extended Response): Other Correct
More informationMonthly Long Range Weather Commentary Issued: July 18, 2014 Steven A. Root, CCM, President/CEO
Monthly Long Range Weather Commentary Issued: July 18, 2014 Steven A. Root, CCM, President/CEO sroot@weatherbank.com JUNE 2014 REVIEW Climate Highlights The Month in Review The average temperature for
More informationChapter 2: Physical Geography
Chapter 2: Physical Geography Pg. 39-68 Learning Goals for Chp2: q q q q q Explain how the Earth moves in space and why seasons change. Outline the factors that influence climate and recognize different
More informationUNIT 5: ECOLOGY Chapter 15: The Biosphere
CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be stamped after each assigned
More informationAverage temperature ( F) World Climate Zones. very cold all year with permanent ice and snow. very cold winters, cold summers, and little rain or snow
P r e v i e w Look carefully at the climagraph of Mumbai, India. What is the wettest month (or months) in Mumbai? What is the driest month (or months) in Mumbai? What effects might this city s climate
More informationWhat factors affect climate? Dr. Michael J Passow
What factors affect climate? Dr. Michael J Passow Energy from the Sun (mostly light and heat) radiates to Earth SUN 150 x 10 6 km (92 x 10 6 mi) EARTH Challenge: If the speed of light is 300,000 km/sec,
More informationSeasons, Global Wind and Climate Study Guide
Seasons, Global Wind and Climate Study Guide Seasons 1. Know what is responsible for the change in seasons on Earth. 2. Be able to determine seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres given the position
More informationClimate Regions. Combining Climate Graphs and Köppen s Classification
Lab 15 Climate Regions Combining knowledge of the global patterns behind the major climatic controls, this lab will teach students how to construct climate graphs and then allow them to explore patterns
More informationChapter 6: Economic Inequality
Chapter 6: Econoic Inequality We are interested in inequality ainly for two reasons: First, there are philosophical and ethical grounds for aversion to inequality per se. Second, even if we are not interested
More informationClimate. Annual Temperature (Last 30 Years) January Temperature. July Temperature. Average Precipitation (Last 30 Years)
Climate Annual Temperature (Last 30 Years) Average Annual High Temp. (F)70, (C)21 Average Annual Low Temp. (F)43, (C)6 January Temperature Average January High Temp. (F)48, (C)9 Average January Low Temp.
More informationTemperature Changes OBJECTIVES PREPARATION SCHEDULE MATERIALS. The students. For each student. For each team of two. For the class
activity 3 Temperature Changes OBJECTIVES Students observe changes in air temperature and discover the role of the Sun in heating Earth. The students measure and record outdoor air temperature at three
More informationClimate.tgt, Version: 1 1
Name: Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer. (5 points each) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Date: A city located in the middle of North America experiences extreme temperature changes during
More informationATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES. Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College
ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College RADIATION FROM the SUN SOLAR RADIATION Primarily shortwave (UV-SIR) Insolation Incoming
More information1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?
CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ
More informationObjectives. Vocabulary. Describe different types of climate data. Recognize limits associated with the use of normals. Explain why climates vary.
Climate Objectives Describe different types of climate data. Recognize limits associated with the use of normals. Explain why climates vary. Vocabulary climatology climate normal tropics temperate zone
More informationAll Excuses must be taken to 233 Loomis before 4:15, Monday, April 30.
Miscellaneous Notes he end is near don t get behind. All Excuses ust be taken to 233 Loois before 4:15, Monday, April 30. he PHYS 213 final exa ties are * 8-10 AM, Monday, May 7 * 8-10 AM, uesday, May
More informationUnit: Weather Study Guide
Name: Period: Unit: Weather Study Guide Define each vocabulary word on a separate piece of paper or index card. Weather Climate Temperature Wind chill Heat index Sky conditions UV index Visibility Wind
More informationClimate Dataset: Aitik Closure Project. November 28 th & 29 th, 2018
1 Climate Dataset: Aitik Closure Project November 28 th & 29 th, 2018 Climate Dataset: Aitik Closure Project 2 Early in the Closure Project, consensus was reached to assemble a long-term daily climate
More informationMonthly Long Range Weather Commentary Issued: APRIL 1, 2015 Steven A. Root, CCM, President/CEO
Monthly Long Range Weather Commentary Issued: APRIL 1, 2015 Steven A. Root, CCM, President/CEO sroot@weatherbank.com FEBRUARY 2015 Climate Highlights The Month in Review The February contiguous U.S. temperature
More informationActivity 2.2: Recognizing Change (Observation vs. Inference)
Activity 2.2: Recognizing Change (Observation vs. Inference) Teacher Notes: Evidence for Climate Change PowerPoint Slide 1 Slide 2 Introduction Image 1 (Namib Desert, Namibia) The sun is on the horizon
More information26 Impulse and Momentum
6 Ipulse and Moentu First, a Few More Words on Work and Energy, for Coparison Purposes Iagine a gigantic air hockey table with a whole bunch of pucks of various asses, none of which experiences any friction
More informationName Date Class. well as the inland, found near the Tropics. 4. In the, or the regions near the Equator, you may find a lush
WATER, CLIMATE, AND VEGETATION Vocabulary Activity DIRECTIONS: Fill in the Blanks Select a term from below to complete each of the following sentences. CHAPTER 1. The constant movement of water, a process
More informationAdopt a Drifter Lesson Plan by Mary Cook, Middle School Science Teacher, Ahlf Jr. High School, Searcy, Arkansas
Adopt a Drifter Lesson Plan by Mary Cook, Middle School Science Teacher, Ahlf Jr. High School, Searcy, Arkansas Do Ocean Surface Currents Influence Climate? Objectives Students will construct climographs
More informationWorld Climates. Say Thanks to the Authors Click (No sign in required)
World Climates Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive content, visit www.ck12.org
More informationDesertification : loss of productive potential due to human activity. Can happen in A climates as well as in arid climates
W, S,, m, 60 m 30 0 30 60 What do these all have in common? Small group question: What leaf shape/shedding habit do you expect to find in each of these and why? Tropical Monsoon (m) Found primarily along
More informationChapter 10 Atmospheric Forces & Winds
Chapter 10 Atospheric Forces & Winds Chapter overview: Atospheric Pressure o Horizontal pressure variations o Station vs sea level pressure Winds and weather aps Newton s 2 nd Law Horizontal Forces o Pressure
More informationDefinitions Weather and Climate Climates of NYS Weather Climate 2012 Characteristics of Climate Regions of NYS NYS s Climates 1.
Definitions Climates of NYS Prof. Anthony Grande 2012 Weather and Climate Weather the state of the atmosphere at one point in time. The elements of weather are temperature, t air pressure, wind and moisture.
More informationCH. 3: Climate and Vegetation
CH. 3: Climate and Vegetation GROUP WORK RUBRIC Score of 50 (5): Superior - 100% A 5 is superior work, and has completed all requirements of the assignments, it is in order and its presentation is almost
More informationClimate and Biomes. Adapted by T.Brunetto from: Developed by Steven Taylor Wichmanowski based in part on Pearson Environmental Science by Jay Withgott
Climate and Biomes Adapted by T.Brunetto from: Developed by Steven Taylor Wichmanowski based in part on Pearson Environmental Science by Jay Withgott Remember that an ecosystem consists of all the biotic
More informationWhere is the tropical zone? What are three biomes found in the tropical zone?
Name CHAPTER 17 Class Date SECTION 2 The Tropics BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: Where is the tropical zone? What are three biomes found in the
More informationOcean 420 Physical Processes in the Ocean Project 1: Hydrostatic Balance, Advection and Diffusion Answers
Ocean 40 Physical Processes in the Ocean Project 1: Hydrostatic Balance, Advection and Diffusion Answers 1. Hydrostatic Balance a) Set all of the levels on one of the coluns to the lowest possible density.
More informationRR#4 - Multiple Choice
1. The map below shows the amount of snowfall, in inches, produced by a lake-effect snowstorm in central New York State. The wind that produced this snowfall pattern most likely came from the 1) northeast
More informationHistorical and Projected Future Climate Changes in the Great Lakes Region
Historical and Projected Future Climate Changes in the Great Lakes Region B.J. Baule Great Lakes Integrates Sciences + Assessments University of Michigan Jeffrey A. Andresen Dept. of Geography Michigan
More informationMeteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer
Chapter 3 Worksheet 1 Meteorology Name: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26 C and the minimum temperature is 14 C, the daily
More informationModel Fitting. CURM Background Material, Fall 2014 Dr. Doreen De Leon
Model Fitting CURM Background Material, Fall 014 Dr. Doreen De Leon 1 Introduction Given a set of data points, we often want to fit a selected odel or type to the data (e.g., we suspect an exponential
More informationWeather and Climate Summary and Forecast March 2018 Report
Weather and Climate Summary and Forecast March 2018 Report Gregory V. Jones Linfield College March 7, 2018 Summary: The ridge pattern that brought drier and warmer conditions from December through most
More informationClimates of NYS. Definitions. Climate Regions of NYS. Storm Tracks. Climate Controls 10/13/2011. Characteristics of NYS s Climates
Definitions Climates of NYS Prof. Anthony Grande 2011 Weather and Climate Weather the state of the atmosphere at one point in time. The elements of weather are temperature, air pressure, wind and moisture.
More informationPhysical Features of Monsoon Asia. 192 Unit 7 Teachers Curriculum Institute 60 N 130 E 140 E 150 E 60 E 50 N 160 E 40 N 30 N 150 E.
50 N 60 E 70 E 80 E 90 E 100 E 60 N 110 E 120 E 130 E 140 E 150 E 50 N 160 E 40 N 40 N 30 N 60 E 30 N 150 E Tropic of Cancer 20 N Tropic of Cancer 20 N 10 N 10 N 0 Equator 0 Equator 10 S 10 S 0 500 1,000
More informationClimates are described by the same conditions used to describe
58 The Causes of Climate R E A D I N G Climates are described by the same conditions used to describe weather, such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. You now know that oceans have an important effect
More informationName Date. What s the weather like today? Watch the beginning of the video Basics of geography- climate.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CLIMATE worksheet 1 STARTER Look at the weather symbols and answer: What s the weather like today? WHAT S CLIMATE? Watch the beginning of the video Basics of geography- climate.
More informationWeather Atmospheric condition in one place during a limited period of time Climate Weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long
Weather Atmospheric condition in one place during a limited period of time Climate Weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long period of time Many factors influence weather & climate
More informationA Thermometer Graph That Shows the Temperature in Each Month At
A Thermometer Graph That Shows the Temperature in Each Month At - - Describe the weather in this place: 12 P Gersmehl Teachers may copy for use in their classrooms. Contact pgersmehl@gmail.com regarding
More information3. The map below shows an eastern portion of North America. Points A and B represent locations on the eastern shoreline.
1. Most tornadoes in the Northern Hemisphere are best described as violently rotating columns of air surrounded by A) clockwise surface winds moving toward the columns B) clockwise surface winds moving
More informationMount Everest and the Gobi Desert
Mount Everest and the Gobi Desert 1 Mount Everest is part of the mountain chain known as the Himalaya. Adventurers from all over the world come to try to climb it. Mount Everest is the highest mountain
More informationSOLVING LITERAL EQUATIONS. Bundle 1: Safety & Process Skills
SOLVING LITERAL EQUATIONS Bundle 1: Safety & Process Skills Solving Literal Equations An equation is a atheatical sentence with an equal sign. The solution of an equation is a value for a variable that
More information