CONVECTION-ALLOWING SIMULATIONS OF COLD POOLS IN THE NORTHWESTERN SAHARA
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1 COSMO User Seminar, Langen, 4th March 2008 CONVECTION-ALLOWING SIMULATIONS OF COLD POOLS IN THE NORTHWESTERN SAHARA 1 Peter Knippertz, 1 Jörg Trentmann & 2 Axel Seifert 1 Institute for Atmospheric Physics, University of Mainz, Germany 2 DWD, Offenbach, Germany
2 OUTLINE Introduction The Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment (SAMUM) Observations of cold pools Model Experiments Motivation Model set-up Evaluation of control simulation Sensitivity to microphysics, turbulence & time step Summary & Conclusions
3 El Miyit SAMUM FIELD CAMPAIGN MAY/JUNE 2006
4 PROPOSED MECHANISM from Knippertz et al., JGR, 2007
5 31 May 2006: SYNOPTIC SITUATION Z 500hPa & SLP at 12 UTC Upper-trough over Morocco and weak surface low
6 31 May 2006: SATELLITE VIEW Meteosat infrared loop UTC
7 31 May 2006: SATELLITE VIEW Meteosat VIS image 1800 UTC
8 31 May 2006: PHOTOS TINFOU
9 31 May 2006: MEASUREMENTS TINFOU Dew point jump Weak temperature decrease sensible heat fluxes Wind acceleration & direction change Drop in visibility
10 OTHER EXAMPLE: 25 May 2006 Meteosat infrared loop UTC
11 SUMMARY OBSERVATIONS On 8 out of 30 days we observed density currents. Part of regional climate Important for dust mobilization & moisture transport Propagation in direction of local topographic gradient with a velocity of 5 7 m/s. Leading edge sometimes exceeding 400 km. Clear diurnal cycle: initiation during the afternoon and decay in the course of the night. Lifetime ~10 hours Precipitation in High Atlas on most density-current days. Relation to upper-troughs (destabilization, wind shear)
12 COSMO EXPERIMENTS: MOTIVATION Cold pools play an important role in convective dynamics, e.g. for the organization to larger scales Convection-allowing simulations offer new insight into cold pool evolution Northwestern Saharan cold pools are an ideal testbed: Robust trigger Atlas Mountains Large evaporational cooling in dry, hot desert air Relatively undisturbed propagation, no new convection
13 CONTROL RUN: MODEL SET-UP COSMO Version 4.0 Nested simulations: GME analysis COSMO 7km COSMO 2.8 km Resolution: 2.8 km horizontal, 50 levels Simulation time: 00 UTC 03 June 00 UTC 04 June km 7 km
14 CASE STUDY: SYNOPTIC SITUATION Geopotential height & wind speed at 300 hpa 03 June 2006 upper ridge cold air upper trough 12 UTC m/s 20 10
15 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 01 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
16 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 02 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
17 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 03 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
18 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 04 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
19 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 05 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
20 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 06 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
21 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 07 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
22 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 08 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
23 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 09 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
24 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 10 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
25 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 11 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
26 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 12 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
27 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 13 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
28 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 14 UTC w > 3m/s IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
29 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 15 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
30 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 16 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
31 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 17 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
32 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 18 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
33 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 19 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
34 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 20 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
35 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 21 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
36 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 22 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
37 CONTROL RUN 03 JUNE 23 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
38 CONTROL RUN 04 JUNE 00 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
39 3-D STRUCTURE OF COLD POOL 03 June 22 UTC NW Atlas θ=306 K surface SW specific humidity [g/kg] w>4 m/s NE SE
40 2-m temperature 2-m dew point COMPARISON WITH SURFACE STATIONS wind speed wind direction El Miyit The passage of the cold pool is associated with cooling moistening wind acceleration backing pressure rise pressure
41 2-m temperature 2-m dew point COMPARISON WITH SURFACE STATIONS wind speed wind direction COSMO CTRL pressure El Miyit The model generates generally realistic signals Model ca. 1 hour too early Front somewhat too sharp
![precipitation [mm]: 00](/docs-images/86/93462493/images/42-2.jpg "UTC 03 to 00 UTC 04 June")
42 ACCUMULATED PRECIPITATION COSMO TRMM > 10 m/s 24-h precipitation [mm]: 00 UTC 03 to 00 UTC 04 June 2006
43 SENSITIVITY EXPERIMENTS Variation of the size distribution of rain droplets Variation of the turbulent mixing length Impact of the time step Evaporation efficiency
44 SENSITIVITY EXPERIMENTS I) Droplet Size CTRL: µ = 0.5, λ = 500m µ=0, λ = 500m > 10 m/s 24-h precipitation [mm]: 00 UTC 03 to 00 UTC 04 June 2006
45 SENSITIVITY EXPERIMENTS I) Droplet Size CTRL: µ = 0.5, λ = 500m µ=1, λ = 500m > 10 m/s 24-h precipitation [mm]: 00 UTC 03 to 00 UTC 04 June 2006
46 SENSITIVITY EXPERIMENTS II) Mixing Length CTRL: µ = 0.5, λ = 500m µ=0, λ = 150m > 10 m/s 24-h precipitation [mm]: 00 UTC 03 to 00 UTC 04 June 2006
47 SENSITIVITY EXPERIMENTS III) Time Step CTRL: µ = 0.5, λ = 500m Δt = 10s > 10 m/s 24-h precipitation [mm]: 00 UTC 03 to 00 UTC 04 June 2006
48 CONCLUSIONS Evaporationally generated cold pools are part of northwestern Saharan climate relevant for dust emission and moisture transport Ideal testbed for cold pool simulations with convection-allowing numerical models Control simulation shows satisfactory reproduction of cold pool characteristics, but not a perfect match. Sensitivity runs demonstrate acceleration of cold pool with increasing evaporational efficiency μ and decreasing turlen λ
49 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
50
51 VERTICAL STRUCTURE Log p - skew T diagram at 21 UTC 03 June 2006 Location: 29.5 N, 3.5 W ahead of density current
52 VERTICAL STRUCTURE Log p - skew T diagram at 21 UTC 03 June 2006 Location: 29.5 N, 3.5 W ahead of density current 28.5 N, 3.5 W within density current
53 OUTLOOK Comparison of different runs with other objective criteria - propagation speed - buoyancy Other case studies
54 31 May 2006: AEROSOL CONCENTRATION TINFOU Units are relative to campaign average
55 CONTROL RUN 04 JUNE 01 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
56 CONTROL RUN 04 JUNE 02 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
57 CONTROL RUN 04 JUNE 03 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
58 CONTROL RUN 04 JUNE 04 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
59 CONTROL RUN 04 JUNE 05 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
60 CONTROL RUN 04 JUNE 06 UTC IR satellite image Precipitation near-surface wind with 10 m/s isotach
61 CONTROL RUN: MODEL SET-UP COSMO Version 4.0 Nested simulations: GME COSMO 7km COSMO 2.8 km Resolution: 2.8 km horizontal, 50 vertical levels Simulation time: 00 UTC 03 June 06 UTC 04 June 2006 Initial and Boundary data: GME Analysis
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