JPSS. Suomi NPP* satellite, JPSS-1 satellite, and JPSS-2 satellite Four primary instruments (ATMS, CrIS, VIIRS, OMPS)

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1 Operational and Research Applications from the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Nove be November AOMSUC-5 Mitch Goldberg, JPSS Program Scientist Presented by: Lihang Zhou, JPSS STAR (JSTAR) Program Manager National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1

2 JPSS Overview: Suomi NPP* satellite, JPSS-1 satellite, and JPSS-2 satellite Four primary instruments (ATMS, CrIS, VIIRS, OMPS) Global Gl b l ground d system t (Alaska, (Al k Colorado, C l d Maryland, M l d West W t Virginia, Vi i i Svalbard, S lb d Antarctica) Implementation Partnerships with NASA, EUMETSAT, JAXA, NSF, DoD, NSC S-NPP is now NOAA s Primary Satellite *Suomi NPP is a joint NASA / NOAA mission *Launch Date based on FY 2014 President s Budget Request 2

3 JPSS-1 Instruments (same as S-NPP) JPSS Instrument ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder CrIS C IS - Cross-track C t k Infrared I f d Sounder VIIRS Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Measurement ATMS and CrIS together g p provide high g vertical resolution temperature and water vapor information needed to maintain and improve forecast skill out to 5 to 7 days y in advance for extreme weather events, including hurricanes and severe weather outbreaks VIIRS provides id many critical iti l imagery i products including snow/ice cover, clouds, fog, aerosols, fire, smoke plumes, vegetation health, h t l kt abundance/chlorophyll b d / hl h ll phytoplankton OMPS - Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Ozone spectrometers for monitoring ozone hole and recovery of stratospheric ozone and for UV index forecasts CERES - Clouds and the Earth s Radiant Energy System Scanning radiometer which supports studies of Earth Radiation Budget 3

4 S-NPP and JPSS Data Products From NOAA available in real-time VIIRS (24) ALBEDO (SURFACE) CLOUD BASE HEIGHT CLOUD COVER/LAYERS CLOUD EFFECTIVE PART SIZE CLOUD OPTICAL THICKNESS CLOUD TOP HEIGHT CLOUD TOP PRESSURE CLOUD TOP TEMPERATURE ICE SURFACE TEMPERATURE OCEAN COLOR/CHLOROPHYLL SUSPENDED MATTER VEGETATION INDEX, FRACTION, HEALTH AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESS AEROSOL PARTICLE SIZE ACTIVE FIRES POLAR WINDS IMAGERY SEA ICE CHARACTERIZATION SNOW COVER SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE LAND SURFACE TEMP SURFACE TYPE CIS/ATMS(3) CrIS/ATMS ATM VERT MOIST PROFILE ATM VERT TEMP PROFILE CARBON (CO2, CH4, CO) ATMS (11) CLOUD LIQUID WATER PRECIPITATION RATE PRECIPITABLE WATER LAND SURFACE EMISSIVITY ICE WATER PATH LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE SEA ICE CONCENTRATION SNOW COVER SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT ATM TEMPERATURE PROFILE ATM MOISTURE PROFILE OMPS (2) O 3 TOTAL COLUMN O 3 NADIR PROFILE SO2 and Aerosol Index GCOM AMSR 2 (11) CLOUD LIQUID WATER PRECIPITATION TYPE/RATE PRECIPITABLE WATER SEA SURFACE WINDS SPEED SOIL MOISTURE SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT IMAGERY SEA ICE CHARACTERIZATION SNOW COVER/DEPTH SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE SURFACE TYPE Joint Polar Satellite System 4 4

5 S-NPP and JPSS Data Products From NOAA available in real-time VIIRS (24) CrIS/ATMS S(3) ALBEDO (SURFACE) CLOUD BASE HEIGHT CLOUD COVER/LAYERS CLOUD EFFECTIVE PART SIZE CLOUD OPTICAL THICKNESS CLOUD TOP HEIGHT CLOUD TOP PRESSURE CLOUD TOP TEMPERATURE ICE SURFACE TEMPERATURE OCEAN COLOR/CHLOROPHYLL SUSPENDED MATTER VEGETATION INDEX, FRACTION, HEALTH AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESS AEROSOL PARTICLE SIZE ACTIVE FIRES POLAR WINDS IMAGERY SEA ICE CHARACTERIZATION SNOW COVER SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE LAND SURFACE TEMP SURFACE TYPE ATM VERT MOIST PROFILE (12/31/14) ATM VERT TEMP PROFILE (12/31/14) CARBON (CO2, CH4, CO) ATMS (11) CLOUD LIQUID WATER PRECIPITATION RATE PRECIPITABLE WATER LAND SURFACE EMISSIVITY ICE WATER PATH LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE SEA ICE CONCENTRATION SNOW COVER SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT ATM TEMPERATURE PROFILE ATM MOISTURE PROFILE OMPS (2) O 3 TOTAL COLUMN O 3 NADIR PROFILE SO2 and Aerosol Index GCOM AMSR 2 (11) CLOUD LIQUID WATER PRECIPITATION TYPE/RATE PRECIPITABLE WATER SEA SURFACE WINDS SPEED SOIL MOISTURE SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT IMAGERY SEA ICE CHARACTERIZATION SNOW COVER/DEPTH SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE SURFACE TYPE Blue - currently available in CSPP Joint Polar Satellite System 5 5

6 SNPP/JPSS Cal Val Progress Updates SNPP ATMS, CrIS, and VIIRS Sensor Data Records (SDRs) have reached the validated maturity level, OMPS SDR are reaching validated status soon NOAA Integrated CalVal System (ICVS) has been enhanced and went live since Fall 2013 All Environment Data Records (EDRs) are available through CLASS Most of SNPP EDRs will be validated by the end of 2014 TVAC analysis and corresponding codes/coefficients updating/upgrading are undergoing for JPSS-1 is undergoing Identified and working on critical algorithms improvements over the current S-NPP baseline to better meet end user needs. Extensive interactions with end users, including product evaluation and demonstration. 30 plus papers are accepted for publications in AGU Journal Geophysical Research Special Issue on Suomi NPP satellite calibration, validation and applications 6

7 User Readiness The JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction program s primary objective is to maximize the benefits and performance of S NPP/JPSS data, algorithms, and products for downstream operational and research users (gateways to the public) through: Engaging gg g users to enhance/improve their applications through the optimal utilization of JPSS data. Education, Training and Outreach Facilitating transition of improved algorithms to operations. Detailed characterization of data attributes such as uncertainty (accuracy and precision) ii and long term stability Provides user feedback to the cal/val program

8 Operational Applications of S-NPP Data S-NPP is now NOAA s Primary Satellite May 1, 2012, VIIRS imagery used to support local warning and forecast operations throughout the NWS Alaska Region. May 22, , 2012 the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) radiances were operationally assimilated in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction s (NCEP)/ NWS Global Forecast System (GFS). September 25, 2012, ATMS data was assimilated operationally into the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) weather forecast models. April 2013, the United Kingdom Meteorology Office began assimilating operational data from the Cross-track Imaging Radiometer Suite (CrIS) and ATMS into its weather forecast models. August 20 20, , NCEP began incorporating S S-NPP NPP CrIS satellite data operationally into the GFS. October 31, 2013, NCEP/CPC started to use OMPS Ozone operationally November, 2013, NRL started to use ATMS operationally in their global forecast model. Joint Polar Satellite System

9 Hurricane Sandy Measurements from polar p satellites enabled forecasters to predict Sandy s infamous left hook. Without this data, weather models would not have identified this left-hand turn and forecasts would have placed the storm out to sea. Suomi NPP VIIRS Day/Night Band image of Sandy Credit: CIMSS Hurricane Sandy s path with and without polar satellite data NOAA satellite imagery reveals the intensity of the storm. Credit: GOES-13 9

10 Hurricane Sandy Warm Core Anomaly Ascendingg 1730 UTC,, 29 October 2012 At 1800 UTC Oct 29 Max Wind: 90 MPH, Min Pressure: 940 hpa Cross section along Latitude 38.1 N Cross section along Longitude 72.9 W 10 10

11 CrIS adds significantly improved vertical resolution to ATMS 3D relative humidity from MW-only and Combined IR+MW retrieval over Indian Ocean near Australia. ATMS - only l ATMS + CrIS ATMS is used for IR cloud corrections Credit: Xu Liu (NASA) 11

12 CrIS CO Products from NUCAPS CISF CrIS Full llspectral lresolution 12

13 JPSS VIIRS provides significant improvements NPP VIIRS The Visible I f Infrared d Imaging I i Radiometer Suite offers more spectral p bands,, higher resolution, wider swath and greater accuracy, res lting in a large resulting number of products. NOAA-19 AVHRR Entire Antarctica observed in 12 hrs. VIIRS RGB (True Color), R: M05 (0.672 µm), G: M04 (0.555 µm), B: M02 (0.445 µm) 13

14 Tracking an Iceberg: Northwest Greenland July 16 through August 15, 2012 VIIRS Visible (0.37 km) 14

15 OMPS improved spatial resolution for better monitoring i i off aerosols l andd SO2. Current OMPS nadir resolution is at 50 km, but the instrument is capable of 10 km resolution. Users for monitoring volcanic ash and SO2 plumes have requested higher spatial resolution (USGS and NOAA and CEOS/CGMS/WMO) Volcano SO2 alerts for air quality (big issue for Hawaii) EPA monitors industrial SO2 50 kkm resolution l ti is i simply i l too t coarse OMPS aerosols better than VIIRS over bright surfaces (deserts) VIIRS sees the ash, but OMPS sees the SO2 OMPS aerosols over generally bright surfaces from fires 15

16 JPSS Proving Ground Initiatives Research Applications River Ice and Flooding Fire and Smoke Sounding Applications - NOAA Unique CrIS/ATMS Processing System (NUCAPS) Direct readout NWP impact studies via HRRR and GFS OCONUS AWIPS Cryosphere Initiative hydrological models Land Data Assimilation Ocean and Coastal Aerosol Data Assimilation OMPS Atmospheric Chemistry

17 Satellite Applications River Flooding caused by rain, snow/ice melt and ice jams Societal Impacts Floods are one of the most common hazards in the U.S. US Coast-to-coast threat to the U.S. and its territories year round More than 8 million people live in areas at risk of coastal flooding Strong need for near-real-time monitoring the evolution and dynamics off ice i cover due d to: t High frequency of river ice related events Significant risk of damages Accurate and detailed information on ice conditions is necessary for: Better risk assessment Timely issuance of flood warnings Faster preventive or mitigation measures C biliti Needed N d d Capabilities Evaluate state of river ice to prepare for break-up Monitor precipitation rates and ground saturation Identify flooding caused by ice jam or rainfall in remote and urban areas Estimate extent and depth of flooding waters JPSS Capabilities River Ice and Flooding Product Frequent passes at high risk polar latitudes High VIIRS spatial resolution (375m) to detect medium and larger river flooding events ATMS and GCOM-W1 (AMSR2) provides precipitation rates and soil moisture (AMSR2). River flood and ice product developed for NWS as part of the JPSS Proving Ground VIIRS ice-jam flood detection in Galena, AK May,

18 River Ice and Flooding Initiative NWS RFC Partners 11/27/

19 Asuncion SNPP/VIIRS false-color image (composited by Imager bands 3, 2, 1) June 30, :02 (UTC) around Asuncion, Paraguay Sanmei Li (GMU)

20 Asuncion SNPP/VIIRS flood detection map June 30, :02 (UTC) around Asuncion, Paraguay Sanmei Li (GMU)

21 VIIRS Flood map (coupled with 30 m Digital El ti Map) Elevation M ) vs Landsat L d t 30 m resolution l ti September 17, Colorado Floods 21

22 Satellite Applications Fire and Smoke Societal Impacts Leads to adverse environmental, social, and economic i impacts t Destruction to forest and rangeland vegetation, wildlife habitat, adverse impacts on recreation, tourism, water quality and supply Smoke emissions Affect air quality Major health hazard Major source of Greenhouse Gases 2013: 1,240,000 fires reported in the U.S. Caused 3,240 civilian deaths, 15,925 civilian injuries and $11.5 billion in property damage damage. Knowledge of short and long-term impacts of fire is essential for effective risk assessment, policy formation, disaster and resource management Capabilities Needed Detect small fires in remote areas Wide swath to ensure better revisit frequency q y No degradation near the edge of swath Estimate radiative power of fires Successfully use models to predict fire spread and forecast smoke JPSS Capabilities JPSS Capabilities Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Global coverage, wide swath and good quality detections along the entire scanline Improved resolution over heritage sensors: dedicated d at 750 ih i off fi VIIRS fi fire bband 750m without saturation fire radiative power Higher resolution detection from 375m bands DNB for enhance nighttime detection and characterization of small fires VIIRS imagery plume g y shows burn areas and smoke p from King Fire, CA (Sept 17, 2014) 22

23 Integrating various satellite data is well recognized and emphasized Funny River Fire Alaska - May 20, 2014 VIIRS Landsat 8 (30 m)

24 LANDSAT 8 (30 meter resolution vs VIIRS 375 meter resolution) Landsat 8 But Landsat has a 16 day repeat cycle VIIRS 375 meter resolution is adequate for fire behavior modeling predicting fire movement and smoke direction and speed. 24

25 Comparing MODIS (250m) to VIIRS (375m) Edge of Scan

26 Summary JPSS is a major contributor tib t to the global lobserving system. Suomi NPPinstrumentsare performingexceptionally exceptionally well!! Many applications will benefit and JPSS has a data exploitation i proving ground effort with iheach NOAA line office to improve product and services. International partnerships are essential. Observations coupled with modeling, data fusion, with the underpinning research, are essential for transforming observations to the products, applications, and services needed to address environmental impacts on society. 26

27 Thank You

28 Product Maturity Definition JPSS/GOES-R Data Product Validation Maturity Stages COMMON DEFINITIONS (Nominal Mission) 1. Beta o Product is minimally validated, and may still contain significant identified and unidentified errors. o Information/data from validation efforts can be used to make initial qualitative or very limited quantitative assessments regarding product fitness-for-purpose. o Documentation of product performance and identified product performance anomalies, including recommended remediation strategies, exists. 2. Provisional o Product performance has been demonstrated through analysis of a large, but still limited (i.e., not necessarily globally or seasonally representative) number of independent measurements obtained from selected locations, time periods, or field campaign efforts. o Product analyses are sufficient for qualitative, and limited quantitative, determination of product fitness-for-purpose. o Documentation of product performance, testing involving product fixes, identified product performance anomalies, including recommended remediation strategies, exists. o Product is recommended for operational use (user decision) and in scientific publications. 3. Validated o Product performance has been demonstrated over a large and wide range of representative conditions (i.e., global, seasonal). o Comprehensive documentation of product performance exists that includes all known product anomalies and their recommended remediation strategies for a full range of retrieval conditions and severity level. o Product analyses are sufficient for full qualitative and quantitative determination of product fitness-for-purpose. o Product is ready for operational use based on documented validation findings and user feedback. o Product validation, quality assurance, and algorithm stewardship continue through the lifetime of the instrument. May 2014, GOES-R, JPSS, and STAR Science Teams 28 28