Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology. ASO In The Tuolumne: 3 Years Of Basin SWE, and PRMS Assimilation Results
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1 ASO In The Tuolumne: 3 Years Of Basin SWE, and PRMS Assimilation Results Bruce J. McGurk and Thomas H. Painter & ASO Team Hydroclimate Workshop, 8 Oct. 2015
2 Need frequent, dense SWE data at all elevations Manual measurement of SWE (snow water equivalent), started in the Sierra Nevada in 1910
3 Snow Measurement - Tuolumne 17 snow courses, 5 below 7000 ft, 3 > 9000 ft Only 8 snow sensors, 5 co-located 80 sq ft/sensor, 20 sq ft/course =.06 millionth of a percent of the basin is measured
4 Landsat Snowcover, 1/18/2015
5 MODSCAG from MODIS, 3/05/15
6
7 ASO scan configuration: Riegl Q1560 scanning LiDAR, Itres CASI-1500 imaging spectrometer
8
9 ASO footprint, Merced Basin, 3/05/2015
10 LiDAR & Spectrometer Pipeline
11 ASO SWE - Tuolumne Basin 2014
12 Jump to folder! Tuolumne basin SWE video
13 Basin SWE, Inflow, & Storage , Tuolumne ASO Basin SWE, HH Inflow & Storage 4, ,000 4,000 SWE & Storage (Acre Feet) 300, , , , ,000 Basin SWE(AF) HH Storage(AF) HH Capacity(AF) HH inflow cfs 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 Inflow (cfs) 50,
14 Basin SWE, Inflow, & Storage , Tuolumne ASO Basin SWE, HH Inflow & Storage Basin SWE (AF) 3, ,000 HH Storage (AF) 3,000 SWE & Storage (AF) 300, , , , ,000 HH Capacity (AF) HH inflow cfs 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 Inflow (cfs) 50,
15 Basin SWE, Inflow, & Storage , , , Tuolumne ASO Basin SWE, HH Inflow & Storage Basin SWE (AF) HH Storage (AF) HH Capacity (AF) HH inflow cfs 2,400 1,900 SWE & Storage (AF) 250, , , ,000 50,000 1, Inflow (cfs) 0-100
16 3 Years of ASO SWE and HH Inflow Rates ASO HH Basin SWE & Inflow - Tuolumne vs 2014 vs 2015 ASO Basin SWE (AF) 225, , , , , ,000 75, Basin SWE (AF) 2014 Basin SWE (AF) 2015 Basin SWE (AF) 2013 HH Inflow (cfs) 2014 HH Inflow (cfs) 2015 HH Inflow (cfs) 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 Hetch Hetchy Inflow (cfs) 50,000 2,000 25,000 1, /16 2/23 3/2 3/9 3/16 3/23 3/30 4/6 4/13 4/20 4/27 5/4 5/11 5/18 5/25 6/1 6/8 6/15
17 ASO SWE Here USGS PRMS Hydrologic Budget
18 Hetch Hetchy Basin Stations & PRMS HRUs SWE (Meters)
19 PRMS Screens
20 Obs. HH Inflow (cfs) Raw PRMS basin_cfs ASO PRMS basin_cfs CNRFC basin_cfs 5/15/2013 5/16/2013 5/17/2013 5/18/2013 5/19/2013 5/20/2013 5/21/2013 5/22/2013 5/23/2013 5/24/2013 5/25/2013 5/26/2013 5/27/2013 5/28/2013 5/29/2013 5/30/2013 5/31/2013 6/1/2013 6/2/2013 6/3/2013 6/4/2013 6/5/2013 6/6/2013 6/7/2013 6/8/2013 6/9/2013 6/10/2013 6/11/2013 6/12/2013 6/13/2013 6/14/2013 6/15/2013 6/16/2013
21 4,000.0 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 2014 Hetch Hetchy Observed & Forecasted Inflow 5/17 PRMS Forecast 3, /17 ASO Forecast HH Estimated Inflow 3, ,500.0 Inflow (cfs) 2, , , /1/2014 5/2/2014 5/3/2014 5/4/2014 5/5/2014 5/6/2014 5/7/2014 5/8/2014 5/9/2014 5/10/20 5/11/20 5/12/20 5/13/20 ASO SWE Results Assimilated into PRMS 5/14/20 5/15/20 5/16/20 5/17/20 5/18/20 5/19/20 5/20/20 5/21/20 5/22/20 5/23/20 5/24/20 5/25/20 5/26/20 5/27/20 5/28/20 5/29/20 5/30/20 5/31/20 6/1/2014
22 2014 Hetch Hetchy Observed & Forecasted Inflow 3, /27 PRMS Forecast 3, /27 ASO Forecast HH Estimated Inflow 2,500.0 Inflow (cfs) 2, , , ASO SWE Results Assimilated into PRMS
23 2014 Hetch Hetchy Observed & Forecasted Inflow 3,500 5/31 PRMS Forecast 3,000 2,500 5/31 ASO Forecast HH Observed Inflow Inflow (cfs) 2,000 1,500 1, ASO SWE Results Assimilated into PRMS
24 2,500 2, Hetch Hetchy Observed & Forecasted Inflow ASO SWE Results Assimilated into PRMS Inflow (cfs) 1,500 1, /09 PRMS Forecast 4/09 ASO Forecast HH Estimated Inflow
25 2,500 2, Hetch Hetchy Observed & Forecasted Inflow ASO SWE Results Assimilated into PRMS Inflow (cfs) 1,500 1, /15 PRMS Forecast 4/15 ASO Forecast HH Estimated Inflow
26 Modeling Needs ASO results are gridded (3-50 m 2 ), and PRMS polygons (HRU s) are 1,000 to 10,000 acres. Further discretization is desired. Advanced snowmelt routines now exist that use long- and shortwave radiation. Current version of PRMS uses a temperature-index algorithm, calibrated with shortwave radiation records. Albedo (percentage of reflected shortwave insolation) is measured by ASO, but is not able to be input into PRMS. Assimilation of ASO Data is possible, but best procedure that guarantees stable predictions has not been identified. Good model predictions depend on good upper elevation forcing data, and most basins have minimal climate stations at high elevations, most particularly precipitation information.
27 ASO IN 2015 In California, flights over Tuolumne, Merced, Big Pine, Lone Pine, Rush Creek, Kings, a some forest fire sites In Colorado, flights over Uncompaghre Basin and parts of the rest of Colo. River Basin In Washington, flights over Olympic Park In Idaho, flights over Reynolds Creek Exp. Watershed
28 Sierra Nevada in the future Base airport: Dryden/Edwards Air Force Base - California, USA Total Flight time: 9 hrs 9 min Time taking data (includes turns): 7 hrs 56 min Number of flights: 2 All airports used: Dryden/Edwards Air Force Base - California, USA Mammoth June Lakes (MMH) - Mammoth Lakes, California, USA
29 ASO Summary ASO provides a more complete picture of basin snow water storage for water management End-to-end ASO operations (hardware, software, data products) have been demonstrated An operational system would benefit CA and.. In both 2014 and 2015, ASO information confirmed DRY forecasts, no water was released for power or ecological benefits. ASO operations expanding in 2016 and beyond.
30 WISKI in Forecasting WISKI aids forecasting by gathering climate and flow data in single place, common format While some QA/QC is possible in WISKI, more advanced QC recommended before model runs WISKI can produce reports of stations in useredited list, and text/csv can be imported into Excel Routine multi-station plotting routines can be implemented is WISKI as part of a QC process Need for simple export tools, and then tool to import modified data.
31 Questions?
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