CEE WMO/GWP ASSOCIATED PROGRAMME ON FLOOD MANAGEMENT STUDY OF THE HISTORICAL FLOODS FROM INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT VIEWPOINT

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1 CEE WMO/GWP ASSOCIATED PROGRAMME ON FLOOD MANAGEMENT STUDY OF THE HISTORICAL FLOODS FROM INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT VIEWPOINT

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3 Country BULGARIA CZECH REPUBLIC Institution National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology Czech Hydrometeorological Institute LITHUANIA POLAND ROMANIA SLOVAKIA SLOVENIA Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service Institute of Meteorology and Water Management National Institute of Hydrology and Water Managemnet Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute Environmental Agency

4 WHAT SHOULD BE THE CONTENT OF THE REPORT FOR SELECTED FLOODS 1. Characteristics of the catchment Basic description of the landscape and morphological characteristics should be done here with focusing on those that can contribute to the increasing degree of the flooding. Natural characteristics geographical localisation characteristics as shape, largeness and shape of the catchment, soil conditions and hydrogeological aspects, vegetation and basic climate and hydrological characteristics, Social characteristics land use pattern water management activities (dikes, bridges, inundation, ) flood control measures (structural and non-structural) municipalities (density, location of structures, buildings, ) others (as nature protection measures and industrial activities) if possible to estimates the risk to flooding

5 WHAT SHOULD BE THE CONTENT OF THE REPORT FOR SELECTED FLOODS 2. Hydrometeorological aspects of floods Meteorological characteristics -- synoptic situation -- identification of the causal factors of the floods (rainfall), time and space parameters (dimension, duration and intensity) -- description on accompanying phenomena (wind, ice, thunder, hail ) -- probabilistic precipitation for example 24-hours for given area Hydrological characteristic -- information and findings from the field reconnaissance -- flood wave parameters (water stage, discharge, volume, time characteristics, ) -- comparison of the discharges to the long term characteristics (values)

6 WHAT SHOULD BE THE CONTENT OF THE REPORT FOR SELECTED FLOODS 3. Early warning and rescue systems In this part, mainly information on the past (during flood) and present state of the warning and flood forecasting and rescue systems should be given. Early warning system (if existing) How it was used during the studied flood Description of rescue system and how is cooperation arranged among the stakeholders How was rescue system used in the case of studied flood

7 WHAT SHOULD BE THE CONTENT OF THE REPORT FOR SELECTED FLOODS 4. Interaction of the natural resources There are connections (interactions) between floods and natural resources. Effects of land use patterns on flood Effects of flood on land use Effects of flood on ground waters Water quality problems related with flood

8 WHAT SHOULD BE THE CONTENT OF THE REPORT FOR SELECTED FLOODS 5. Flood control measures Flash floods (including the causing factors) have normally very short duration and therefore time provided for the measures is very short as well or even none. How the existing (standing) structural measures affected the flood and vice-versa Which kind of measures were executed prior to and during flood (movable levees, sand-bags, etc.)

9 WHAT SHOULD BE THE CONTENT OF THE REPORT FOR SELECTED FLOODS 6. Population behaviour Here the reaction of the population on the floods should be described, if available. How was the flood treated by population, its self-rescuer capability How people respected the Flood Protection Authorities directive (evacuation) The perception of local population of the risk of the future (flash) floods (particularly after considerable lapse of time)

10 WHAT SHOULD BE THE CONTENT OF THE REPORT FOR SELECTED FLOODS 7. Flood damages Description of the damages on the properties and losses of life should be done. Losses of life Material damages

11 WHAT SHOULD BE THE CONTENT OF THE REPORT FOR SELECTED FLOODS 8. The flood damages removal Different technical and financial means are used to remove the flood damages. In this part description of these tools will be done for studied flood and territory. Technical aspects Financial aspects

12 WHAT SHOULD BE THE CONTENT OF THE REPORT FOR SELECTED FLOODS 9. Adopted measures on flood protection (past floods) Description of the flood protection measures can be done based on the information from the flood protection authorities, municipalities or from the information and findings received by the direct reconnaissance in the field and interviewing of citizens. Structural measure Non-structural measure

13 BULGARIA - Arda River, Yantra River

14 BULGARIA Arda and Yantra River Basin Varbitsa River (Arda) Case 1: 11 and 12 December 1990 Case 2: December 2003 Case3: the village of Podem - 11 June 2002, 20 July 2002 and 31 July 2002 Yantra River 6 July 1991

15 CZECH REPUBLIC

16 CZECH REPUBLIC Svratka and Svitava basin 2002 The occurrence of torrential rainfalls may not be in the forecast precisely localised. According to the information from meteorological radars it may be determined with a considerable error of estimation and with a certain time delay, caused by the procedure of data processing. The time delay of data obtained by the method of remote detection, and the great dynamics of strong storms are the main limiting factors during the giving out of the appropriate warnings. With the development of meteorological and hydrological modelling there however exists a hope, that in future we will be able to flexibly react to sudden atmospheric changes, and that we will in this way prevent not only material damages, but especially losses of human lives.

17 Lithuania - Nemunas River 1958, 1994 Lithuania is not prone to the flash floods except resulted from intensive local ice-slash or broken ice Floods caused by ice jams are of high probability event There is no place affected by floods as the swampy Nemunas delta In April 1958 disastrous flood hit central and western part of country Flood in 1994 was caused by snow-melting and ice jams over the long stretch of the river

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19 POLAND KLODZKO RIVER, GDANSK 1997, 2001 Gdańsk is a great Polish harbor situated on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in the lowland area at the mouth of the Vistula River. At present Gdańsk is a city with 460 thousand inhabitants and its area is 262 km2. It is the capital of the Pomeranian province. Gdańsk and its surroundings are situated in the area known as Gdańsk Żuławy. This region was in the past and is at present endangered by various types of flooding.

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21 ROMANIA Crisul alb, Viseu, Slanic rivers April 2000, March 2001, August 2002 For the study were selected 3 important floods: Slanic river, Varbilau gauging station 7-8 August 2002 Viseu river, Bistra gauging station 3-7 March 2001 Crisul alb river, Gurahont gauging station 6-11 April 2000

22 UCRAINA Tur TURULUNG NEGRESTI BISTRA SATU MARE Viseu ROMANIA UNGARIA ZERIND ORADEA Crisul Repede TINCA HOLOD CIUCEA Crisul Negru Holod TALPOS CHISINEU CRIS Somes NEPOS BISTRITA CLUJ TURDA BAND SARATENI Bistrita ITCANI LESPEZI Moldova FRUMOSU TUPILATI GOIOASA REPUBLICA MOLDOVA Prut UNGARIA ARAD ORADEA Mures BEREGSAU PISCHIA BALINT FAGET CHIZATAU Bega Veche REPUBLICA FEDERATIVA IUGOSLAVIA GATAIA PARTOS Moravita Legenda: ZERIND RODNA Pogonis MORAVITA VARADIA Crisul Repede TINCA HOLOD TALPOS CHISINEU CRIS Crisul Alb Barzava Caras VALEA PAI Nera Crisul Negru Bega LUGOJ DALBOSET Holod Statie hidrometrica Timis SATU MARE CIUCEA GURAHONT CLUJ ALBA IULIA BRANISCA VOISLOVA BUCOVA Bistra Tur TURULUNG NEGRESTI ISCRONI FATA MOTRULUI TURDA BAND BLAJ TALMACIU VOINEASA TURBUREA FILIASI JIU Somes MIHALT Oltet BALS BISTRA NEPOS DRAGANESTI DUNAREA UCRAINA Viseu Olt BISTRITA BAHNA RUSULUI SARATENI PITESTI FELDIOARA POIANA TAPULUI MALU CU FLORI Teleorman VARTOAPELE Vedea ALEXANDRIA Dambovita Bistrita Arges BULGARIA ITCANI FRUMOSU TUPILATI SANCRAIENI TESILA Moldova LUNGULETU MALU SPART GOIOASA Trotus TG. OCNA NEHOIU LESPEZI Putna RACATAU BOTARLAU Buzau COSERENI Siret DUNAREA H(cm) LUNGOCI Ialomita REPUBLICA MOLDOVA GALATI BRAILA ARAD Mures BEREGSAU PISCHIA BALINT FAGET CHIZATAU Bega Veche REPUBLICA FEDERATIVA IUGOSLAVIA R. Crisul Alb s.h. Gurahont LUGOJ GATAIA PARTOS Prut Moravita Legenda: CI RODNA Pogonis Crisul Alb Barzava MORAVITA Caras VARADIA VALEA PAI Nera Bega DALBOSET CP Statie hidrometrica Timis UCRAINA GURAHONT MAREA NEAGRA ALBA IULIA BRANISCA VOISLOVA BUCOVA Bistra ISCRONI FATA MOTRULUI BLAJ TALMACIU VOINEASA TURBUREA FILIASI JIU MIHALT Oltet BALS DRAGANESTI DUNAREA Olt BAHNA RUSULUI PITESTI UNGARIA ARAD REPUBLICA FEDERATIVA IUGOSLAVIA GATAIA PARTOS ZERIND RODNA MORAVITA VARADIA ORADEA TINCA HOLOD TALPOS CHISINEU CRIS Mures BEREGSAU PISCHIA BALINT FAGET CHIZATAU Bega Veche Moravita Legenda: FELDIOARA POIANA TAPULUI MALU CU FLORI Teleorman VARTOAPELE Vedea ALEXANDRIA Pogonis Crisul Repede Crisul Alb Barzava Caras Dambovita Arges BULGARIA Crisul Negru Bega LUGOJ VALEA PAI Nera DALBOSET Holod Statie hidrometrica Timis SANCRAIENI TESILA LUNGULETU MALU SPART SATU MARE CIUCEA GURAHONT CLUJ ALBA IULIA BRANISCA VOISLOVA BUCOVA Bistra Trotus TG. OCNA NEHOIU Tur TURULUNG NEGRESTI ISCRONI FATA MOTRULUI Putna Somes TURDA BAND MIHALT BLAJ TALMACIU VOINEASA TURBUREA FILIASI JIU Oltet RACATAU BOTARLAU Buzau COSERENI Siret DUNAREA LUNGOCI Ialomita UCRAINA BALS BISTRA Viseu NEPOS DRAGANESTI DUNAREA Olt BISTRITA BAHNA RUSULUI GALATI BRAILA H(cm) SARATENI PITESTI FELDIOARA POIANA TAPULUI MALU CU FLORI Teleorman ALEXANDRIA VARTOAPELE Vedea Dambovita Bistrita Arges ITCANI FRUMOSU TUPILATI SANCRAIENI TESILA BULGARIA UCRAINA Moldova LUNGULETU MALU SPART GOIOASA Trotus Riul Viseu s.h. Bistra TG. OCNA NEHOIU MAREA NEAGRA LESPEZI Putna BOTARLAU Buzau COSERENI CI RACATAU Siret DUNAREA LUNGOCI Ialomita REPUBLICA MOLDOVA CP GALATI BRAILA Prut UCRAINA MAREA NEAGRA

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24 SLOVAKIA Svinka River, Štrbský Creek 1998, 2001 Sudden occurrence of the flash flood in such a magnitude has found the people unprepared, just returning home from the work. The citizens behaved very individually, from the organised self-protection to the panic. Confusion and panic have occurred mainly by the young Roma population, where majority of the causalities were registered. The older family members of Roma community were not in their houses that were located in the inundation area. The children had to cope with the situation alone with no experience and knowledge how to behave. It is necessary to be mentioned that neither older generation was trained by authorise to cope with such a situation nor children. However, the older generation was better prepared and organised having certain knowledge and experience with extreme flood events from the part.

25 SLOVENIA - SAVINJA RIVER BASIN 1990, 1998 In November 1990, during the extreme high waters, the specific runoff of the Savinja amounted to 1389 l/s/km2 at Nazarje, and 845 l/s/km2 at Laško. At the same time, the extremes were also registered at tributaries of the Savinja, however smaler than that of November 1998 when the maximums of the Dreta at the Kraše were 2495 l/s/km2 (maximum discharge is surplus value of period , 2346 l//km2), the Bolska at Dolenja was 1073 l/s/km2 etc.

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27 BULGARIA 2002

28 CZECH REPUBLIC 2002

29 LITHUANIA 1994

30 SLOVAKIA 2001

31 WMO/GWP Associated Programme on Flood Management STUDY OF THE HISTORICAL FLOODS FROM INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT VIEWPOINT Summary Report Bratislava, July 2005

32 Conclusions several types of the floods occur in the CEE Region (river flood, flash flood, urban area flood, ice dam flood), flash floods are a great issue in the CEE Region causing huge damage on the properties and losses of lives, both periods spring summer high flows and summer autumn low flows are the most frequent time span for occurrence of flash floods in the CEE Region, the most frequently flash floods occurred during the afternoon and late evening, there are not flash flood warnings and forecasts methodologies were developed in the CEE countries, local warning systems of flash floods were developed in three countries (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Poland) and put into the practice. However, essential components of the warning system as warning dissemination and action plan of local civil authorities are still under development, both structural and nonstructural measures were taken to prevent and protect the population living in the flood-prove areas, structural dikes, reservoirs, polder weirs, etc. nonstructural

33 Conclusions insurance programmes are not well developed in the CEE Region, in spite the populations are living in flood plain areas, after flooding some interferences with the environment were reported as drinking water resources contamination, changing ecosystems biodiversity, land slides, etc. rescue systems are well developed for during and after flood activities (evacuation, contamination, vaccination, population removal (both human and animals), there were not regular training courses and activities reported for both professionals and general public to cope with floods, some of the countries have created the maps of flash flood hazards and quantification of vulnerability of floods to people, communication with media as tools for dissemination of the warnings are not sufficiently used by the flood management authorities in the CEE Region.

34 Recommendations Intensify effort in the field of prevention of flash floods in the CEE region because of approved findings that they are of a great issue in the CEE Region causing huge damage on the properties and losses of lives. Communicate to public the fact about probability incidence of flash floods to be better prepared to take the most efficient emergency service against them. Develop methodologies for flash flood warnings and forecasts in CEE countries.

35 Recommendations Complete sub-components of the warning systems already developed for local flash floods warning systems in some CEE countries (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and Poland), such as efficient warning dissemination and local authority s action plans. Create GIS maps on the national level of flash flood risks and quantification of flood effects on the local population. Facilitate preparation of appropriate insurance schemes for the population living in flood prone areas. Support regular trainings on how to cope with floods for both floods professionals and general public. Promote use of communication with media as an effective tool for dissemination of early warnings, understandable for local authorities and public, by flood management authorities in countries of CEE region. Use the existing political will and initiative to apply the Integrated Flood Management and fill the gaps of existing flood management in CEE countries regarding flash floods.

36 THANK YOU