ROMANIA S TOURISTIC REGIONALIZATION - TOURISTIC DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR -
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1 ROMANIA S TOURISTIC REGIONALIZATION - TOURISTIC DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR - Adrian Aurel BALTĂLUNGĂ 1, Daniela DUMITRESCU 1 1 Valahia University of Târgovişte Abstract: The touristic regionalization of Romania represents a relatively often discussed problem in the specialized literature, but most of these approaches refer to the touristic potential. The present paper concentrates on the significance of the touristic development, reflected through the infrastructures and touristic traffic. In this respect we calculated a synthetic indicator of the touristic development, which on one hand is in concordance and confirms the regionalization done using other criteria, and on the other hand emphasizes different aspects and offers the image of some new perspectives and eventually directions of action from the point of view of development programs. Key words: accommodation structures, public food service, arrivals, overnight staying, synthetic indicators, population, surface. I. Theoretic-methodological considerations The valorification of the touristic potential of a territory is emphasized mainly by the specific touristic infrastructures which are adapted to the profile of the respective territorial entity and finally reflected, by the level of touristic traffic. The quantitative and qualitative values are analyzed with the help of statistical data and some synthetic indicators. In our case, starting from the statistical data regarding the number of inhabitants, surface, the number of accommodation facilities, their capacity, the number and capacity of the public food structures, the number of existing tourists, and the number of overnight staying (table number 1) we counted six indicators, at the level of each county. The synthetic indicators that were used have been calculated on the grounds of the last statistical data available at The National Institute of Statistics and at The Ministry of Regional Development and Tourism. - I 1 = Number of accommodation units/ Total permanent population x I 2 = Number of accommodation places / Surface - I 3 = Number of public food units/ Total permanent population x I 4 = Nr. Public food places / Surface - I 5 = Number of overnight staying/ Total permanent population - I 6 = Number of arrivals/ Total permanent population The arithemtic mean of these led towards obtaining a complex indicator, that we named The indicator of touristic development (I TD ). Taking into account the number and variety of the combined and well-balanced elements we consider it to be relevant enough in order to allow the realization of a regionalization of the terriory of our country, from this point of view. The difference of the values thus obtained, is between 0,08 and 8,07 in the case of counties and as an exception Bucharest city - 32,71. Because the majority of these values is situated below 2,00, in the delimitation of the types of counties the following intervals have been used: a 0,01 0,50 counties with very reduced development of the touristic resources; b 0,51 1,00 counties with reduced development of the touristic resources; c 1,01 1,50 counties with average development of the touristic resources ; d 1,51 2,00 counties with intense development of the touristic resources; e over 2,00 counties with very intense development of the touristic resources. 1 I 2 and I 5 The density of touristic equipping (partial) şi The intensity of tourism, Nicolae I., Dragomirescu Ş., Cernea D. (1977) The touristic zoning of the S.R.R.. CCEPTI, Bucharest. 81
2 Table number 1. Romania- spacial variations of the touristic development indicators No. Region County Population Surface Accommodation structures (no. units.) Accommodation Capacity (no. places) Arrivals (thousands) Overnight Stayings (thousands) Bacău ,2 274,6 1. Botoşani ,9 54,3 North- Iaşi ,5 338,8 East Neamţ ,9 320,6 Suceava ,7 479,4 Vaslui ,3 41,9 Total region , ,6 Brăila ,3 201,0 2. Buzău ,9 181,5 South- Constanţa , ,2 East Galaţi ,1 98,9 Tulcea ,5 124,4 Vrancea ,6 64,7 Total region , ,7 Argeş ,1 189,9 3. Călăraşi ,2 27,0 South - Dâmboviţa ,5 235,3 Muntenia Giurgiu ,9 89,7 Ialomiţa ,8 273,8 Prahova ,7 816,8 Teleorman ,0 41,8 Total region , ,3 Dolj ,5 71,7 4. South- Gorj ,1 116,0 West Mehedinţi ,1 141,0 Oltenia Olt ,9 26,3 Vâlcea , ,6 Total region , ,6 Arad ,8 333,3 Caraş ,1 582,0 5. West Sev. Hunedoara ,6 240,0 Timiş ,6 521,2 Total region , ,3 Bihor ,2 998,6 6. Bistriţa ,0 178,9 North- Năs. West Cluj ,6 495,5 Maramureş ,5 203,2 Satu Mare ,8 160,7 Sălaj ,4 61,7 Total region , ,6 Alba ,3 100,8 7. Central Braşov ,7 985,0 Covasna ,4 452,0 Harghita ,4 206,9 Mureş ,3 538,9 Sibiu ,7 381,7 Total region , ,3 Bucureşti Ilfov ,9 125, Ilfov Mun. Buc , ,5 Total region , ,8 TOTAL ROMANIA , ,4 82
3 No. Region County Structures of public food (no. units) 1. North- East Structures of public food (no. places) I 1 2 I 2 I 3 I 4 I 5 I 6 I VT Bacău ,04 0,41 0,15 1,69 0,38 0,11 0,46 Botoşani ,02 0,15 0,04 0,60 0,12 0,06 0,16 Iaşi ,08 0,71 0,10 2,22 0,40 0,19 0,61 Neamţ ,32 0,91 0,18 2,08 0,56 0,26 0,71 Suceava ,33 0,88 0,30 2,35 0,67 0,29 0,80 Vaslui ,02 0,12 0,05 0,61 0,09 0,05 0,15 Total region ,14 0,57 0,15 1,68 0,40 0,17 0,51 Brăila ,06 0,43 0,07 0,66 0,55 0,13 0,31 Buzău ,13 0,41 0,13 1,81 0,37 0,12 0,49 Constanţa ,40 17,21 1,49 22,90 5,19 0,24 8,07 Galaţi ,03 0,32 0,07 1,51 0,16 0,07 0,36 Tulcea ,58 0,59 0,34 1,23 0,50 0,28 0,58 Vrancea ,11 0,37 0,12 1,22 0,16 0,09 0,34 Total region ,46 3,76 0,48 5,57 1,57 0,41 2,04 2. Souht- East Argeş ,19 0,76 0,16 2,83 0,29 0,17 0,73 Călăraşi ,02 0,09 0,03 0,32 0,08 0,03 0,09 Dâmboviţa ,10 0,58 0,07 1,16 0,44 0,10 0,40 Giurgiu ,04 0,22 0,04 0,53 0,31 0,10 0,20 Ialomiţa ,05 0,58 0,10 0,96 0,95 0,14 0,46 Prahova ,28 2,00 0,27 5,24 1,00 0,40 1,53 Teleorman ,02 0,11 0,02 0,21 0,10 0,03 0,08 Total region ,13 0,62 0,13 1,68 0,51 0,18 0,54 3. South - Muntenia Dolj ,03 0,18 0,07 1,22 0,10 0,04 0,27 South- Gorj ,16 0,35 0,09 0,69 0,30 0,15 0,29 West Mehedinţi ,10 0,31 0,10 0,91 0,48 0,18 0,34 Oltenia Olt ,02 0,10 0,05 0,60 0,05 0,02 0,14 Vâlcea ,42 1,88 0,36 3,23 2,66 0,50 1,50 Total region ,13 0,55 0,12 1,35 0,64 0,16 0,49 Arad ,26 0,65 0,19 0,98 0,73 0,38 0,53 West Caraş ,44 0,92 0,44 1,83 1,80 0,29 0,95 Sev. Hunedoara ,20 0,49 0,14 0,83 0,51 0,17 0,39 Timiş ,16 0,75 0,21 1,89 0,76 0,33 0,68 Total region ,24 0,71 0,23 1,42 0,87 0,29 0,62 Bihor ,16 1,29 0,21 2,06 1,68 0,33 0,95 Bistriţa ,07 0,50 0,11 0,91 0,56 0,16 0,38 Năs. Cluj ,32 1,10 0,83 5,67 0,71 0,38 1,50 Maramureş ,36 0,66 0,25 2,20 0,39 0,17 0,67 Satu Mare ,18 0,59 0,12 1,35 0,44 0,27 0,49 Sălaj ,16 0,32 0,09 0,66 0,25 0,08 0,26 Total region ,23 0,81 0,34 2,36 0,77 0,26 0,79 6. North- West Alba ,16 0,34 0,13 0,76 0,26 0,11 0,29 Braşov ,80 2,74 0,52 5,77 1,64 0,75 2,03 Central Covasna ,30 0,88 0,24 1,53 2,02 0,28 0,87 Harghita ,97 0,97 0,20 0,85 0,63 0,21 0,63 Mureş ,18 0,87 0,17 1,67 0,92 0,34 0,69 Sibiu ,40 1,10 0,25 2,81 0,89 0,57 1,00 Total region ,47 1,12 0,27 2,15 1,05 0,42 0,91 Bucureşti - Ilfov Ilfov ,13 1,46 0,16 3,02 0,40 0,22 0,89 Mun. Buc ,05 76,03 0,16 118,71 0,87 0,47 32,71 Total region ,06 11,21 0,16 18,14 0,81 0,43 5,13 TOTAL ROMANIA ,23 1,27 0,23 2,48 0,80 0,28 0,88 II. The analysis of the indicator of touristic development 83
4 The calculation of this indicator allowed an integrated analysis of the level of exploitation of the touristic resources at county level and of the developing areas from Romania. At county level (Fig. no 1) a first aspect that is observed is represented by a large weight -50% of the counties that fit into the category of the ones with a very low level of touristic development (21 counties), and the ones with a reduced level of touristic development - 38,10% (i.e another 16 counties). In other words, approximately 88% of the counties in Romania present a reduced level from this point of view. The lowest level is registered by Teleorman county- 0,08 % I TD. Since the first category is represented by counties situated mainly in plains (the ones from south and south-east), where the natural touristic potential is generally modest and the degree of social-economical and cultural development is reduced (the most fragile areas under this aspect), in turn, in both categories we find counties which are situated at high standards as far as the touristic potential (as far as natural or anthropic and overall). Therefore, counties like Dambovita, Buzau, Vrancea, Hunedoara, Gorj, Bacau are situated in the category of the ones with a very low level of touristic development and counties like Brasov, Sibiu, Mures, Maramures, Suceava, Neamt, Covasna, Harghita, Tulcea with an extremely rich and varied touristic development, which are situated in the category of those with reduced level. These aspects raise questions and can also represent challenges as far as the economical efficiency, the dimensioning of the touristic infrastructures, their force of attraction and promotional aspects. Figure no. 1 2 In the case of indicators I 1 şi I 3, to compare the values and to ease the calculations, we multiplied by
5 An average level of touristic development is found only in two counties, Cluj and Valcea, that represent only 4,76% from the total. A high level of development is only present in the case of Prahova county, representing thus 2,38 % from the counties total. Maximum levels of the I TD, that can represent exceptions, are in the case of Constanta county -8,07 and Bucharest county- 32,71, which can be explained through the large number of accommodation units and in the second case a reduced surface of report is added (the surface of Bucharest county being very small in compare with the surface of a county). At the level of developing areas, analyzing figure no. 2 drawn upon the results obtained and written in table no. 1, the situation is thus represented, in decreasing order: Bucharest area- Ilfov 5,13; South-East area- 2,04 ; Central area- 0,91; North-West area- 0,79; West area- 0,62; South area- Muntenia 0,54; North-East area- 0,51; South-West area- Oltenia 0,49. Figure no. 2 In the first two cases, the high values are due to the presence of the capital and Constanta county and to the special impact that these have at the level of developing areas, which led to their situation in the category of very intense touristic resources. As for the rest, with the exception of South-West area Oltenia- which ranks last, with a very reduced development of touristic resources, the other five regions fall into the second category, the one of reduced development of touristic resources. To all intents and purposes, at the level of developing areas, only three of the above mentioned categories can be found and unfortunately, 75% of these in the inferior ones. This classification may surprise at first look (mainly the position detained by the Central area), on one hand reporting to an overall image, from a potential point of view and 85
6 on the other hand demonstrating the heterogeneousness of the composition of areas from this point of view. III. Conclusions In terms of this analysis we notice that over 80% from Romania's territory is reduced or very reduced from the touristic development point of view. We can state that the results of this regionalization, are in a surprisingly big measure. So surprising, that it could raise the question of the relevance of this indicator. In essence, it combines integrates and balances, by virtue of quantification the touristic equipment and touristic traffic. More precisely the density of equipment and intensity of the tourists' groups. The initial and final fundamental elements of the touristic development, that make it relevant from a geographical and economical point of view. It also has the benefit that it allows objective comparisons, based on official statistics, undistorted by perceptions and sequential images, that are based only on one or two of these criteria. This way, a synthetic and pragmatic perspective upon the level of touristic development in our country is created and correlated with other factors, such as The Classification after the general, unique rank( at the administrative level of the counties) or overlapped with classifications of the touristic areas ( at the level of natural units) can offer a realistic image and can thus contribute towards the orientation of the future main trends and the programs of touristic development. Bibliography Baltălungă A. A. (2008) Turismul în România, Valahia University Press, Târgovişte; Dumitrescu Daniela (2008) România Regiunile de dezvoltare. Disparităţi socioeconomice, Publishing house Cetatea de Scaun, Târgovişte; x x x (2010) The Statistic Year-book of Romania, I.N.S. Bucharest; 86
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