Objective One Scientific Method

Transcription

1 Objective One Scientific Method Planet Mean Distance from Sun (millions of km) The First Five Planets from the Sun Orbital Period of Revolution (Earth time) Period of Rotation (Earth time) Equatorial Diameter (km) Density (g/cm 3 ) Mercury days 59 days 4, Venus days 243 days 12, Earth days Mars days Jupiter years 23 hours 56 minutes 24 hours 37 minutes 9 hours 50 minutes 12, , , The period of revolution of a planet is most closely related to its a. density. c. equatorial diameter. b. period of rotation. d. mean distance from the sun. 2. Which of these planets has the shortest day? a. Mercury c. Mars b. Venus d. Jupiter 3. Use the diagram of the Earth's position relative to the Sun to answer the following question. Earth's Position Relative to the Sun The diagram shows the position of the earth relative to the sun. What is the season in Ohio when the earth is in the position shown in the diagram? a. Summer c. Winter b. Fall d. Spring

2 The table below show the results of an experiment with bread molds. Bread Mold Experiment Conditions Amount of mold after Temp. ( C) Humidity two weeks 0 Low None 0 High None 5.5 Low Small amount 5.5 High Medium amount 25.5 Low Medium amount 25.5 High Large amount 4. According to the data, what are the best conditions for growing mold? a. cold temperature and low humidity c. warm temperature and low humidity b. cold temperature and high humidity d. warm temperature and high humidity 5. Which of these conditions may prevent mold from growing? a. low humidity c. warm temperatures b. high humidity d. freezing temperatures 6. How could confidence in the results of the experiment be increased? a. Several kinds of bread could be tested. b. Several brands of bread could be tested. c. The experiment could be repeated with dry toast. d. The experiment could be repeated without any changes. Composting As part of a class exercise on composting, two students constructed identical worm bins (containers), which they kept at their homes. Red worms were then added to the bins. Both students counted the number of red worms in their bins on the first of the month. The results are shown in the graph below. A worm bin should be kept between 12 C and 25 C and 2.5 kg of food should be added to a bin each week. Student 1 followed these requirements exactly. During December, Student 2 left town for three weeks; during March, the temperature in Student 2's worm bin reached 30 C. 7. The highest population density of red worms in Student 2 s bin was reached at the beginning of a. November. c. March. b. December. d. May.

3 8. It was hypothesized that there was a maximum number of red worms that could survive in the worm bins. Is this hypothesis supported by the data in the graph? a. Yes, because the number of red worms in Student 1 s bin remained fairly constant between December and May. b. Yes, because the number of red worms in Student 2 s bin continued to increase between September and May. c. No, because the number of red worms in Student 1 s bin decreased between December and May. d. No, because the number of red worms in Student 2 s bin decreased between December and January. 9. Which of the following probably accounted for the large drop in population in Student 2 s bin from March to April? a. overpopulation c. lack of food b. overheating d. lack of water 10. Suppose several houseflies were allowed to enter the worm bins and feed on the food scraps. Which of the following interactions would most likely occur between the houseflies and the red worms? a. predation c. competition b. parasitism d. commensalism 11. Are the systems established in the compost bin self-sustaining? a. No, because the red worms did not reproduce. b. No, because the students need to provide energy to the systems in the form of food. c. Yes, because once the compost bins were established, the students did not have to add anything else to them. d. Yes, because the red worms reproduced. Lake Erie Lake Erie has suffered long term pollution problems.while the situation is improving for this Great Lake,there are still areas of concern.the table below shows an advisory from the early 1990s for eating fish taken from Lake Erie that may contain PCBs. Recommended Restrictions for Eating Selected Sport Fish (PCB Advisory) Fish Species Lake Erie Ashtabula Maumee Ottawa Portage Carp Under 20 inches Carp 20+ inches Channel Catfish Freshwater Drum Lake Trout Largemouth Bass Key 1 = No Restriction 3 = One Meal per Month 5 = Do Not Eat! 2 = One Meal per Week 4 = Six Meals per Year

4 12. Which Lake Erie tributary is probably most contaminated with PCBs? a. Portage c. Maumee b. Ottawa d. Ashtabula 13. PCBs that disrupt hormones in humans are interfering with the a. nervous system. c. endocrine system. b. immune system. d. circulatory system. 14. Aristotle thought that a moving object would stop because its natural state was to be at rest. Newton thought that friction is a force that opposes all motion and eventually stops moving objects. Suppose you were coasting on a level surface on a bicycle and there was NO friction. What would happen to your speed, according to Aristotle and Newton? a. Aristotle: slow and stop; Newton: slow and stop. b. Aristotle: maintain speed; Newton: slow and stop. c. Aristotle: maintain speed; Newton: maintain speed. d. Aristotle: slow and stop; Newton: maintain speed. 15. Use the electromagnetic spectrum to answer the following question. Electromagnetic Spectrum According to this chart the longer the wavelength a. the faster the wave travels. c. the larger the amplitude of the wave. b. the less energy the wave has. d. the greater the frequency of the wave. 16. An underground sewer pipe has burst near the pipe that supplies clean water to your neighborhood. The water company is not sure if bacterial contamination has occurred. What step should you take before drinking tap water? a. Freeze water overnight and let it thaw. b. Boil water for 10 minutes and let it cool. c. Only drink water from a neighbor s faucet. d. Carefully wash all glasses with soap and water.

5 17. Use the circle graph to answer the following question. What inference is supported by the information in the graph above? a. Only 10.7 percent of all landfills have a permit to burn tires. b. About one-third of all scrap tires are either exported or recycled. c. Most scrap tires are illegally dumped to avoid tire disposal fees. d. The supply of scrap tires is greater than the reuse of scrap tires. 18. Bacteria and laboratory animals are sometimes used by scientists as model organisms when researching cures for human diseases such as cancer. Describe one possible advantage and one possible disadvantage of using bacteria as models to help find cures for human diseases. Advantage: Disadvantage: Describe one possible advantage and one possible disadvantage of using laboratory animals such as mice, guinea pigs, and monkeys as models to help find cures for human diseases. Advantage: Disadvantage:

6 19. Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person s pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person s pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30 second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person s pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music. Which component is missing from Carmen s experiment? A. a question B. a hypothesis C. a control group D. a description of the experiment 20. Electromagnets are created by coiling a wire that conducts electricity around a piece of iron and then passing a current through the wire. Below are the results of an investigation to determine the relationship between the number of coils and the strength of an electromagnet. What can be concluded from the information in the table above? F. The strength of the electromagnet increases when the current increases. G. Increasing the number of coils of an electromagnet increases its current. H. Increasing the number of coils of an electromagnet increases its strength. I. The strength of an electromagnet does not depend on the number of its coils.

7 Objective One Scientific Method Answer 19. C 20. H 1. D 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. B 17. D 18. Score & Description Student demonstrates an understanding of the importance of research and the practical limitations of using various model organisms. Response provides two acceptable advantages and two acceptable disadvantages for using organisms as models to investigate human diseases such as cancer (4 answers). Bacteria: Possible Advantages include: Don't have to experiment on humans Safer than testing on animals Easy to grow Inexpensive Bacteria: Possible Disadvantages include: Results may not apply to humans Infected bacteria may escape and cause disease Lab Animals: Possible Advantages include: Results may apply to humans because of similarities in physiology Don't have to experiment on humans Safer than testing on humans Lab Animals: Possible Disadvantages include: Results may not apply to humans if physiology not identical May be inhumane/unethical Cost a lot