Science Final Exam Review 2015

Transcription

1 Name Class Science Final Exam Review 2015 Section 1: Scientific Method 1. A hypothesis is what a scientist will happen in an experiment. 2. Experiments are planned to test whether the is correct. Circle the correct word in the brackets to complete the sentences below: 3. The [ control / variable ] is the factor that has been changed in an experiment to test the hypothesis. Example: the type of plastic wrap around an apple. 4. The [ control / variable ] is the part of an experiment where the factor being tested is left out. Example: no plastic wrap on an apple. Practice: Bikini Bottom Experiments Flower Power Sponegebob loves to garden and wants to grow lots of pink flowers for his pal Sandy. He bought a special Flower Power Fertilizer because he wants to see if it will help plants produce more flowers. He plants two plants of the same size in separate containers with the same amount of potting soil. He places one plant in a sunny window and waters it everyday with fertilized water. He places the other plant in a sunny window and waters it every day with regular water. After 4 weeks, the plant that received the fertilizer had 10 flowers on it. The plant that didn t receive the fertilizer had 6 flowers on it. 1. What is Spongebob s hypothesis? 2. What was the variable in this experiment? 3. What was the control in this experiment? 4. What was the purpose of the control in this experiment? Explain. 1

2 Super Snail Snacks Gary is not the smartest snail in Bikini Bottom. He predicts that he can improve his brainpower by eating Super Snail Snacks. In order to test his hypothesis, he recruits Spongebob and several snail friends to help him with the experiment. The snails ate one snack with each meal every day for 3 weeks. Spongebob created a test and gave it to the snails before they started eating the snacks. He gave a test again after the snails had eaten Super Snail Snacks for 3 weeks. The results are recorded below: Snail Test score before eating Super Snail Snacks Test score after eating Super Snail Snacks Gary 64% 64% Larry 78% 77% Berry 82% 80% Terry 72% 73% 1. State Gary s original hypothesis: 2. Based on the results of this experiment, is Gary s original hypothesis correct? Circle one: Yes No Explain your answer: 2

3 Section 2: Forces and Motion Balanced and Unbalanced Forces: 1. Mary is pushing the couch to the to the right with a force of 25 Newtons. Ryan is pushing the couch to the left with a force of 25 Newtons. Are these forces balanced or unbalanced? Which direction would the couch be moving? (to the left, right, or not moving) 25 N 25 N 2. Kyle is pushing on a box with a force of 10 Newtons. The force of friction between the box and the floor that opposes Kyle s push is 2 Newtons. Are these forces balanced or unbalanced? Which direction would the box be moving? (to the left, right, or not moving) Fill in the blanks to describe Newton s first law of motion: An object at rest will unless an force acts upon it. An object in motion will unless an force acts upon it. 3

4 Newton s First Law of Motion: 1. Why do the blocks in the toy car continue to move even after the car has hit the piece of wood? Use Newton s first law of motion to explain. 2. What could be done to make the block not fly out of the toy car when it hits the piece of wood? Use Newton s first law of motion to describe this movement. 3. Why would the surface of a carpet make a toy car slow down? What is this force called? Explain. Newton s Second Law of Motion: 1. Explain the difference between mass and weight. 2. Force = x 3. If a golf ball and a baseball were dropped from the same height at the same time, and there is no air resistance, which ball will hit the ground first? 4

5 4..When you are pushing someone on a swing, how would you need to adjust your force depending on your friend s mass? Why would you need to do this? Explain. 5. Look at the picture to the right. What are two things mom could do to make her cart accelerate more quickly? Explain how doing each of these things will cause her cart to accelerate more quickly. Section 3: Forms of Energy 1. Circle one: Energy of motion is kinetic energy potential energy 2. Circle one: When an object has stored energy that can be used at a later time, it has: kinetic energy potential energy 3. All matter is made up of tiny particles called. 4. Define the following Forms of Energy: Mechanical Energy: the energy of parts. 2 examples: Thermal (Heat) Energy: energy produced from the of atoms. 2 examples: Chemical Energy: the energy that is stored in the bonds that hold atoms together. When these bonds are broken, the substance and the energy is released. 2 examples: Electromagnetic Energy: energy that happens when electrons from atom to atom. 2 examples: 5

6 5. What are energy conversions? Energy conversions are when one form of energy to form of energy. 6. Complete the following energy conversions: charging a laptop computer battery: The _ energy in the cord changes to energy in the computer battery. a campfire burning: The energy in the wood changes to and energy in the fire. 6

7 Section 4: Astronomy When the hemisphere is pointed towards the Sun, it is. When the hemisphere is pointed away from the Sun, it is _. Label the seasons in the Northern Hemisphere on the diagram below. Key Points: The diagram above show s the Earth s orbit, which is also called it s. The seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth's axis or the sun as it travels through its revolution around the sun. If the Northern part of the axis is tilted towards the sun, then it is in the Northern Hemisphere. Summer in the Northern Hemisphere occurs when the Northern Hemisphere gets the most sunlight. This happens from June through August. The amount of daylight during a day increases as the earth tilts more the sun. When the amount of daylight increases, the temperature gets. When the Northern part of the axis is tilted away from the sun, then it is in the Northern Hemisphere. The amount of daylight during a day decreases as the earth tilts more the sun. When the amount of daylight decreases, the temperature gets. If the axis isn t tilted towards or away from the sun, then it is or. During the spring and fall, the most direct sunlight hits the. 7

8 1. The diagram below shows the angle of the sun s rays along the Equator and in the Northern Hemisphere. Where is the direct sunlight hitting? Where is the indirect sunlight hitting? Why would locations along the Equator be warmer than locations in the Northern Hemisphere? Explain. 2. List the planets in order from the sun outward: Look at the diagram below to answer question Write the number that the Moon would be in for the full Moon phase: 4. All nonliving things are made up of. 8

9 Section 6: Kingdoms and Classification Matching: Match the kingdom on the left with the definition on the right. 1. Eubacteria 2. Archaebacteria (True Bacteria) 3. Protists 4. Fungi 5. Plants 6. Animals A. Members of this kingdom live in extreme environments and are the oldest living things on Earth. B. Members of this kingdom produce their own food by using the energy from the sun. These living things are the basis for all life on Earth. C. Some organisms in this kingdom are able to live inside the human body. Some keep you healthy while others can make you sick. D. Members of this kingdom have complex cells, can move around, and eat other organisms to live. E. Most members of this kingdom are unicellular, but have complex cells with a nucleus. Some members have the characteristics of plants, some have the characteristics of animals, and others have the characteristics of fungi. F. These living things can t make their own food from sunlight or move around to get it. They live on dead or decaying material. They break it down into simpler parts and absorb the nutrients. Why do scientists classify living things? Write your own sentence to remember the order of the levels of classification. 9

10 Section 7: Plants 1. Complete the chart below describing the functions of the parts of a plant: PLANT PART Roots WHAT THE PART DOES FOR THE PLANT absorbs and from the holds the plant in the stores extra made in the Stems supports the and arranges them so that they get enough sunlight supports the flowers and fruit carry materials between the and leaves in the and tubes. Leaves absorb from the air for photosynthesis absorb sunlight leaf combines, and to produce sugar (food). Flowers reproductive part of the plant is the male part produces pollen is the female part produces eggs, which become for a new plant 2. What do humans and animals use plants for? 10

11 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Essay: Be able to explain the process of photosynthesis in detail: 1. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own. 2. Photosynthesis takes place in the. 3. The ingredients needed for photosynthesis are,, and. Where do each of these ingredients come from? 4. Which ingredient starts photosynthesis? How? 5. Plants make and give off as waste. 6. Plants use the food made in the leaves for and. Plants store extra food in their. 7. What are the roles of stomata, xylem and phloem in photosynthesis? stomata: xylem: phloem: 11

12 The Plant s Life Cycle 1. The diagram below shows the inside of a seed. Label the stored food, embryo, and seed coat. 2. What does each part of the seed do? Seed coat: _ Stored food: Embryo: 1. Germination is when a plant. 2. In which stage of a plant s life cycle does the plant make seeds? 3. How can you tell when a plant is a mature plant? 4. The process that occurs when bees transfer pollen from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of another: 5. What does pollination create? _ 12