CONCEPT and SKILL ANALYSIS and ALLOCATION OF NGSS STANDARDS MIDDLE SCHOOL (Grades 5-8)

Transcription

1 ONEPT nd SKILL NLYSIS nd LLOTION OF NGSS STNDRDS MIDDLE SHOOL (Grdes 5-8) The NGSS stndrds hve een lloted to trnsferle onepts nd skills emedded within omprehensive strutures for eh. oth omprehensive strutures re orgnized ognitively ording to generlity, omplexity, nd strtness, three properties tht hrterize intelletul growth. SI ONEPT SU-ONEPT SU-SU-ONEPT LNGUGE OF SIENE nture of mtter ENTITY, SYSTEM, MTTER things nd sustnes (intensive, extensive properties) delinetion, nming wve s entity system environment, ontext HIERRHY OF MTTER elements, ompounds, mixtures kineti theory of mtter Periodi tle ULK SLE MOLEULR SLE MS-PS1-1 The omposition of moleules nd rystlline solids is desried t the tomi sle MS-PS1-4 Temperture, stte nd prtile motion hnge when therml energy is dded or removed. MS-PS1-5 Mss nd numer of toms re onserved during hemil retion. TOMI SLE tomi struture, ohr model NULEUS ND ELEMENTRY PRTILES Rdiotivity d QURKS ND LEPTONS e HIERRHY OF LIFE MS-LS1-1 Living things re mde of ells MS-LS1-3 Orgnisms to orgn systems to tissues. PROPERTY/MESUREMENT oservtion, vlue, unit error, ury mis properties: hrdness, melting/oiling T o s, (non)-ondutor MS-ESS1-3 Ojets in the solr system n e ompred t severl sles. MOLEULR LEVEL OF LIFE ELLULR SLE Orgnelles MS-LS1-2 ell nd orgnelle funtions. (lso put under Proess) TISSUE ORGN ORGN SYSTEM ORGNISM POPULTION OMMUNITY SLE/SIZE MS-ESS2-2 Geo-siene proesses operte t vrying time nd sptil sles. NUMER PHSE, STRUTURE OMPOSITION TEMPERTURE DISTNE, RE, VOLUME dimensions SHPE, NGLE, ONFIGURTION SPEED LOTION, DIRETION, ORIENTTION TEXTURE HRDNESS, LEVGE POROSITY, PERMEILITY MSS DENSITY, ONENTRTION UNIFORMITY HRGE, POLRITY SOLUILITY d d E F G h h h version Pge 1 of rley Edution ssoites LL

2 HNGE/ PROESS hnge-over-time RTIO, PERENTGE SEQUENE of EVENTS, TIME, RTE MS-ESS1-4 Rok strt re used to orgnize Erth's 4.6-illion yer history. MS-ESS2-1 Erth s mterils yle euse of energy flows tht drive the proess. MS-ESS2-3 Plte tetonis is evidened y fossils nd roks, ontinentl shpes, nd sefloor strutures. MS-ESS2-5 Motion nd intertions of ir msses use wether hnges. MS-ESS3-1 Geo-siene proesses distriute minerls, energy nd wter resoures unevenly round Erth. MS-LS1-2 ell nd orgnelle funtions. (lso put under Hierrhy of Life ellulr sle.) MS-LS1-8 Sensory reeptors send messges to the rin for immedite ehvior or memory storge. YLE input-output dynmi equilirium MS-ESS1-1 Lunr phses, elipses of sun nd moon, nd the sesons re yli ptterns. MS-ESS2-4 Wter yle. ORRELTION, USLITY (in)dependent, ontrolled vrile MS-ESS1-2 Grvity ontrols the motion of ojets within glxies nd solr systems. MS-ESS2-6 Unequl heting nd the Erth's rottion use irultion ptterns in the oens nd tmosphere. MS-ESS3-2 tstrophi events n sometimes e predited nd mitigting tehnologies developed. GRPH, EQUTION version Pge 2 of rley Edution ssoites LL

3 SI ONEPT SU-ONEPT SU-SU-ONEPT INTERDEPENDENE/ EOSYSTEM predtor/prey food hin/we symiosis: prsitism, ommenslism, mutulism nturl nd mehnil systems NTURL ENVIRONMENT surroundings, ontext iome MS-ESS3-3 Solutions n e designed for monitoring nd minimizing humns' environmentl impt. (lso put under Skills Design) HITT, NIHE RESOURE, POLLUTNT DESIGNED or ONSTRUTED ENVIRONMENT ONSERVTION, RESTORTION MS-LS1-4 niml ehviors nd plnt strutures ffet reprodution MS-LS1-5 Environmentl nd geneti ftors influene the growth of orgnisms. DIVERSITY ommunity SPTIL, TEMPORL DISTRIUTION STTISTIL DISTRIUTION Norml (ell) distriution MS-LS1-6 Photosynthesis is key to the yling of mtter nd flow of energy through orgnisms. MS-LS2-1 Resoure vilility ffets orgnisms nd popultions in n eosystem. OMPLEMENTRITY equilirium of flows nd reservoirs MS-ESS3-4 Inresed humn popultion nd onsumption impt Erth's systems. FORM ND FUNTION RRYING PITY (NTURL LIMITS) SUESSION, LIMX MS-LS2-2 Intertions mong orgnisms follow ler ptterns ross multiple eosystems. MS-LS2-3 Mtter yles nd energy flows mong living nd non-living prts of n eosystem. MS-LS2-4 hnges to the physil or iologil omponents of n eosystem ffet popultions. YLE MS-LS2-5 Solutions n e designed for mintining iodiversity nd eosystem servies. (lso put under Skills Design) MS-ESS3-5 Severl ftors hve used the rise in glol tempertures. version Pge 3 of rley Edution ssoites LL

4 SI ONEPT SU-ONEPT SU-SU-ONEPT ENERGY & ENERGY RESOURES energy resoures nd uses ENERGY FORMS & TRNSFORMTION groupings: potentil, mehnil photosynthesis metolism/respirtion MS-PS3-5 hnges in kineti energy re used y either energy inputs or outputs POSITION (GRVITTIONL) ENERGY, KINETI ENERGY mehnil energy MS-PS3-1 Kineti energy is relted to oth n ojet's mss nd speed MS-PS3-2 Potentil energy hnges when the rrngement of ojets interting t distne hnges THERML, HEMIL ENERGIES MS-PS3-4 Therml energy hnges depend up the omposition, mss nd temperture hnge of the ojet ELSTI ENERGY WVE ENERGY ELETRIL-MGNETI ENERGY NULER/MSS ENERGY HET TRNSFER MS-PS3-3 Solutions n e designed for optimizing therml energy trnsfer. (lso put under Skills Design ) ONDUTION ONVETION RDITION DVETION trnsfer thru ltent het ONSERVTION OF ENERGY EFFIIENY ENERGY FLOW, WORK ulk flow vs. moleulr flow POWER D ENERGY DEGRDTION d ENTROPY moleulr disorder 2 nd lw of thermodynmis version Pge 4 of rley Edution ssoites LL

5 SI ONEPT SU-ONEPT SU-SU-ONEPT WVES representtion type/medi: surfe, sound, light/rdition, virtion properties: wvelength, frequeny, mplitude, speed, diretion, energy MS-PS4-1 Wves hve unique, often inter-relted properties; e.g. energy n depend on mplitude. PRODUTION, SORPTION, PROPGTION olor of things nd sustnes trnsmission nd pture of informtion/energy trnsverse, longitudinl, polrized wves pereption & spetr OPTIS fous optil instruments INTERFE prtil refletion, trnsmission, sorption MS-PS4-2 Wves re refleted, trnsmitted nd/or sored when moving from one mteril to nother. SUPERPOSITION, INTERFERENE, RESONNE DOPPLER EFFET shok wve, wke MS-PS4-3 Wve pulses n e used to enode nd trnsmit digitl informtion. REFLETION luster/sheen speulr, diffuse refletion sttering REFRTION Snell s Lw totl internl refletion DISPERSION DIFFRTION DULITY (WVE-PRTILE) version Pge 5 of rley Edution ssoites LL

6 SI ONEPT SU-ONEPT SU-SU-ONEPT GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT STGE/PHSE emryo, infny, hildhood, dolesene, dult, elder life yle GENESIS MTURTION METMORPHOSIS molting DEGENERTION, SENESENE REGENERTION DIFFERENTITION, SPEILIZTION ellulr division (mitosis) LINER, EXPONENTIL, GEOMETRIL INRESE version Pge 6 of rley Edution ssoites LL

7 SI ONEPT SU-ONEPT SU-SU-ONEPT HEMIL RETION D retnts, produts the mole numer/mss/volume stoihiometry solutions stoihiometry MS-PS1-2 The omprison of properties efore qnd fter sustnes intert determines if hemil retion MS-PS1-3 Syntheti mterils ome from nturl resoures nd impt soiety PTTERNS IN HEMIL RETIONS synthesis/deomposition single/dl displement ONDING otet rule ioni/ovlent onds moleulr struture (Lewis, VSEPR) inter-moleulr fores (dipole, hydrogen, metlli nd dispersion onds) solvent-solute intertion OMUSTION redution/oxidtion RON-SED RETIONS orgni retions ID/SE, NEUTRLIZTION POLYMERIZTION plstis orgni mro-moleules MS-PS1-6 Devies n use hemil proesses to relese or sor therml energy. MS-LS1-7 Food is re-rrnged through hemil retions tht support growth or relese energy HEMIL ENERGY, THERML ENERGY thermohemistry sensile, ltent het ioniztion energy, ond energy het of retion, het of formtion tivtion energy, exo/endothermi retions Hess s Lw ENTROPY, FREE ENERGY KINETIS tlyst HEMIL EQUILIRIUM Le htelier s priniple version Pge 7 of rley Edution ssoites LL

8 SI ONEPT SU-ONEPT SU-SU-ONEPT REPRODUTION, HEREDITY D inherited trits dominnt/reessive trits Punnett squres suession, pedigree SEXUL, SEXUL REPRODUTION ellulr reprodution MS-LS3-2 sexul nd sexul reprodution. FERTILITY, FERTILIZTION pollintion ovultion, menstrution GENETI ODE, ODE geneti vrition, gene/llele MS-LS3-1 Geneti hnges my ffet proteins whih would then ffet the orgnism. TRNSLTION trnsription, replition RN funtions TRNSMISSION EXPRESSION epigenetis MUTTION geneti drift environment ffets version Pge 8 of rley Edution ssoites LL

9 SI ONEPT SU-ONEPT SU-SU-ONEPT EVOLUTION MS-LS4-1 Fossils doument the existene, diversity, extintion, nd hnge of life forms over time MS-LS4-2 Evolutionry reltionships n e inferred from ompring mong modern orgnisms nd with fossils. D SELETION nturl seletion sexul seletion fored seletion MS-LS4-3 Ptterns in emryologil development ross speies n produe very different ntomies. MS-LS4-4 Geneti vrition inreses some individuls' proility of surviving nd reproduing. MS-LS4-5 Tehnology llows humns to influene the trits inherited y orgnisms. VRITION, DPTTION EXTINTION MS-LS4-6 Nturl seletion my led to hnges in popultion's trits. SPEITION onvergene o-evolution GENETI EVOLUTION version Pge 9 of rley Edution ssoites LL

10 SI ONEPT SU-ONEPT SU-SU-ONEPT MOTION nd FORES E types of motion (ir/regulr, repetitive, elerted, et.) intertion types of fores (ontt, grvity, elsti, eletromgneti, et.) grvity, weight, mss MS-PS2-1 Newton's Third Lw n help solve prolems involving two-ody ollisions. MS-PS2-4 Grvittionl intertions re ttrtive nd depend on the msses of the ojets MS-PS2-5 Fields exist etween ojets exerting nonontt fores etween them. VELOITY, DISPLEMENT Displement versus pth distne speed plus diretion FORES, NET FORE, NEWTON S 1 st nd 3 RD LWS types of fores fore vetor mnipultion: sled digrm, omponents FRMES OF REFERENE SPEIL RELTIVITY FRITION GRVITY Universl grvittion ELETROSTTI FORE STTI FLUID FORES DYNMI FLUID FORES Lift, drg SURFE TENSION, PILLRY EFFET TORQUE/MOMENTS, ENTER OF GRVITY lne PRESSURE tension, ompression sher lift stti fluid fores STRENGTH stress, strin FLUID FLOW LMINR FLOW, TURULENE urrent, stremlines OUNDRY ONDITIONS ELERTION, NEWTON S 2 ND LW kinemtis liner dynmis impulse-momentum MS-PS2-2 The hnge in n ojet's motion depends on the sum of ll fores nd the ojet's mss. FITITIOUS FORE elerted frmes of referene oriolis fore 2- & 3-DIMENSIONL MOTION vetors for d, v, & entrl fore, universl grvittion PROJETILE MOTION IRULR MOTION HRMONI MOTION ONSERVTION OF MOMENTUM ROTTIONL DYNMIS ngulr motion properties d ONSERVTION OF NGULR MOMENTUM, NGULR ENERGY ROLLING QUNTUM MEHNIS e version Pge 10 of rley Edution ssoites LL

11 SI ONEPT SU-ONEPT SU-SU-ONEPT REGULTION (ONTROL) E SWITH trigger FEEDK positive, negtive feedk onnetivity EQUILIRIUM homeostsis helth RESTORING MEHNISM SUSTINILITY THRESHOLD, RITIL MSS tipping point PERTURTION, MLFUNTION disese normlity ONTGION VETOR propgtion of perturtion EPIDEMI DDITION version Pge 11 of rley Edution ssoites LL

12 SI ONEPT SU-ONEPT SU-SU-ONEPT ELETRIITY-nd- MGNETISM E hrge, polrity ondutors, insultors ttrtion/repulsion mpping ele & mg fields MS-PS2-3 Severl ftors ffet the strength of eletri nd mgneti fores. SIMPLE IRUIT, OHM S LW lod, soure/supply urrent, resistne, voltge open iruit, short iruit lternting nd diret urrent ONSERVTION OF URRENT, VOLTGE Kirhoff s Lws series, prllel, omintion iruits ELETRI FORE FIELD, ELETRI POTENTIL oulom s Lw; Inverse squre lw ONTROL MEHNISM rely, diode, trnsistor/gte, integrted iruit, trnsformer GUSS S LW line of fore flux PITNE MOTOR, GENERTOR, TRNSFORMER MGNETI FORE FIELD Fore on moving hrges io-svrt lw d MPERE S LW ELETROMGNETI INDUTNE Lenz s Lw mgneti flux trnsformers indutne FRDY S LW (Self-) indutne LR, L, LR IRUITS MXWELL S EQUTIONS d d version Pge 12 of rley Edution ssoites LL

13 SI ONEPT SU-ONEPT SU-SU-ONEPT EHVIOR E stimulus-response lssil, opernt onditioning survivl, self-interest, oopertion nture vs. nurture INSTINT MTING femle hoie GGRESSION OMMUNITION PERSUSION LERNING memory lnguge OGNITION ommodtion, ssimiltion, dpttion Thinking nd resoning KNOWLEDGE TRNSFER higher-order thinking prolem solving, deision mking MOTIVTION, EMOTION uriosity hierrhy of needs OMPETENE, INTELLIGENE PERSONLITY LTRUISM reiproity STTES OF ONSIOUSNESS sleep nd drems hypnosis, medittion drug indued version Pge 13 of rley Edution ssoites LL

14 TRNSFERLE SKILLS FOR SIENE, TEHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, ND DESIGN. MJOR TEGORY SU-TEGORY SU-SU-TEGORY EXPERIMENTL DESIGN / INQUIRY L SFETY INFERENTIL & PROEDURL PROLEM SOLVING QUESTION, HYPOTHESIS, PURPOSE PROEDURE, METHOD RESULTS, DT, OSERVTIONS NLYSIS, ONLUSION SEQUENE, OORDINTION dting, timelines ND, OR INDEPENDENT, DEPENDENT, ONTROLLED VRILES OSERVTION TRIL ND ERROR ONTROLLED EXPERIMENT SURVEY PRIMRY SOURE diry & journls, interview, letter, periodil of time, orl trdition, offiil reords. SEONDRY SOURE texts, referene ooks, uthor ommentry, lirry/internet reserh. ERROR, VLIDITY, RELIILITY THE DESIGN PROESS MS-PS3-3 Solutions n e designed for optimizing therml energy trnsfer. (lso put under Energy Het trnsfer ) MS-LS2-5 Solutions n e designed for mintining iodiversity nd eosystem servies. (lso put under Interdependene) MS-ESS3-3 Solutions n e designed for monitoring nd minimizing humns' environmentl impt. (lso put under Interdependene Nturl environment) IF THEN IDENTIFY PROLEM/GOL divide into smller omponents GTHER INFORMTION evidene DEVELOP MULTIPLE OPTIONS SELET, REFINE, DESIGN SOLUTION ONSTRUT SOLUTION or PROTOTYPE MS-ETS1-3 Optimum designs inorporte the est of multiple proto-types. EVLUTE SOLUTION MS-ETS1-2 Design solutions re evluted systemtilly on the riteri nd onstrints. MS-ETS1-4 Dt from itertive testing n led to optimum designs. RITERI, ONSTRINTS MS-ETS1-1 riteri nd onstrints of design must e defined preisely to ensure suess. RESOURES, MTERILS KNOWLEDGE ND SKILL REQUIREMENTS OSTS, ENEFITS, TRDE-OFFS EFFIIENY, EFFETIVENESS OMMUNITE SOLUTION RE-DESIGN SOLUTION version Pge 14 of rley Edution ssoites LL

15 MJOR TEGORY SU-TEGORY SU-SU-TEGORY MODELING pituring, 3-D modeling fithfulness, ury, preision Perspetive, leling, sling. MPPING inl. topogrphil, politil, soil, resoure, limti GRPHI ORGNIZERS digrm, flow hrt, we, onept mp GRPHI DISPLY pie, r, line grphs MTHEMTIL MNIPULTION SI OPERTIONS dd, sutrt, multiply, divide UNIT ONVERSION LGERI MNIPULTION GEOMETRY VETORS, TRIGONOMETRY DIFFERENTILS, INTEGRLS MIS. MTH SKILLS version Pge 15 of rley Edution ssoites LL