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Cameron Fletcher
5 years ago
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6 1388 %&'() 2!"# vc` % 2=2# 650 <1982 F FB7# 6!Q 1-"5Fm 7!a 7#V0 <j"h E2/25 fsz àa+.(22-21 <1365 <0 E2/25) -. 7#V0 -;&# w; 70sH 63"S6 [ -; 25 3_` ca 6 ^7#V0 63"S6 12'02# <1980 c` % 2=2# %` 1980 P6 s" s0b 792=/ $F F EsH 7#V0 S5!# <302#FX,éF 3 < -"k ç-5\ j"h 792=/ 6-X 3!A4.-2`7# A/ \-# -"07# 3_` ca 6 ( F-_# s"» 74F <,-. <,0 }24Fp) «` `"!# s0b H# O"# 7HX 6--s E. 7#V0 63"S6.(65-66 < É i ` G"H EF 3 <[=5412 xf Wa 6E5!:Z 3 3H 2"# <-0 4b 7==5412 x29# 7#V0-7!2"# F ip4q- - 7`2` $h-. p4"l F W=\ F $92=/ F 7#V0 E F à+ ( 6 4F M` EsH 6 4F.Z Q 4F 3! 28 6u*` -24 F 7#V0 O"; 39=`! 2 3k 6 -X X $2a F N& <ts 64F F 6E5!:Z 1 F28 S20 F, 1 7=X O"# w; F 7#V0 6i5 1!Z F 7#V0 p4"l E F F 6!Q < _` F v=; ^78F c-# ( F <M` EsH 6!Q 3# F 7!/242`` F 7!/24!28 ( W\ <3! 28 39=` ]-"" ; 6 ^!Q à0f F Z Q 39=` $> F 7#V0 O"; 12#ê <M` EsH 3 Ü# à+"# F 6 =b <3\("# F G"H <z" É & ( ÅFX 3 7!/24!28 P! 28 6 G"H Z 3 ` 74a 1 F.-Z 7'!203_` M` EsH 6 <7# i5 s0b!q & F N2a F E9-0Z.507# à25\ j"h F c5. 6 E2# P=; F wl. F 7# --!Q MF-# [5-0F F '2#V0 28» :-/07# 3C 1 34&# i0 F 7#V0 WV0 i» F «70sH!Q E-. 7#V0» ( 7 Y <M` EsH P_#H 792=/ EB 6 E9 F 70sH P#` S5 -"B 3 F, ` G"H EF «7== H $% ^7#V0 6i P6.(9 < 7 <i0-0z,-0b).7# Ü# P6 74F -0-. W6 -&# F P6 3 7#V0 e$s2s> ff à+ ( 7#V0 6 u*` ff 3 X H EFS(F + 3 7#V0 sl , cf PH ^7; _"; 3/0 39=` ff F -24.(15 <E56) 70Z( A#0 12 3Aa# E!2# 3 -a 3 <-.7# E9 k 3/0!Q EB EF- 39=` ff ( 7_ # 7HX $> c_ 3 ` 2_QF i 1» ::Z 1976

7 323 %5; 4& <) =; <E54B <3/0 z- 3 S20 39=` ts EZ-""; -_.(E56) «` P6 P520 ( F -"!`28 (à`) F. 265H 9 F,-9!# $% 3 W6 24! F 20! S20 F Hettne, S20 M` EsH 39=` ]-""; 6 -_ c` 3-0 M` EsH 6 =b S20 6 u*` 1 E-X.(11 [ <A. EB Ñ0 3 % 2=2# 7/4 [#. 3 EB -; 85 F-a 1973 c` F -; 66 F-a G"H F E9 78 <1974 c` 39=` $F ES2# F -0 -X <-. 7# E#( A/0 -; 40 W6 ( 1975 c` F -; 40 F-a <:0 F 302#FX.(15-16 [AQ c` 3 3 F ts 7#V0 6 $-Q 70sH }2&# 792=/ P&/# P24F F 7=; # s0b 4b F,!/Z 2/ Ws` <3! 28 7#V0 p4"l P_` s0b 90 =\ V0 ( W6 <s0b O"# 70sH P2X S20 F <3! 28 6 u*` ^70sH F-; F 70sH "S6 ësk 3` s" 30 7#V0 ts F Q <7#V0 V0 ( W6 F 7`2` (R&D) 7#V0 P_` F à22&9 P56 [5\ 3L= <-0 ` 70sH 7#V0 w# F.(M. Thee, 1982: 40) -0 ` W6 7#V0 $S2s> F u*` $; F $> d& F F 3 «3\("# F 2"# <39=` $>» j! EZ-"/0 -""7# M*\ <G"H ( } G"H < d& w+ ^7=; P^í9Ö# F 3!X8 39=` F-; E 7Q*X2b 20! P9=` F-;!Q ^E-&!"#.(Levine& Smith, 2003, 2) 7\ $S2s> 3 76 ( 7X ^ U&a P&` <«t# 6u*`»!Q O"# 3 6à# 3 74a <-0-2ê EZ-"6 $24# 63"S6 F <-""7# -0 3H 20! ^7\ 7!_"; E2" l:a F 7; 6-#B <[R. > $; 3 4b ]F 7\ $S2s> $; 20! É 6 _";.(Ibid, p. 5) P=; -; 70 F-a ( 3 (É 6 $S2s> F i.# <5286), c5. F 302#FX -&# 3,éF 3 <-2` ; 91 F-a F ; -08 E2=2# 284 F E2=2# E2=2# 91 ( 3 <&B 3 74a <-2` E2=2# 2592 F E2=2# F F, -08 E2=2# 379 F 295 <73 <134 < F U. F 2`B > ( -08 E2=2# 145 F 46 <54 <13 < q ](a F 12% L#B cr!. [ ( Ws` -; 20( ( 39=` F-; ( 7.0 cr!..(ibid, 6) Ay# 3 7Y`8 3 <-2` ; 37 F ; ! ) O"; 3 <(1990 P6 ) `, 20! 7\ 63"S6 F F ` G"H E8

8 1388 %&'() 2!"# F 7\ O"; ts ]-""; 12#F L# ]-9!# $% ( c`.(ibid, 7-9) 50 M-Y!` ["`8 130/000 20! 7\ $; 1997 F ts EZ-""3d\ ik -_ <39=` ^7==5412 $> ]-5\ 67ZéF ( 7L u*` c&!0 [ -; 47 L#B ]-9!# $% c`.-"!/6 -X [=# E54B F 3/0 <20! <32`F <L#B " ts F % ]-"" 3d\ z"8. (! 28 <_` E!/\ 7"_ <% ]-"",.-0 ` c&!0 [ -; "!/6 [ $F -; 50 < F <E0 <18p <12k <7"H ] <# <32 <E 7A/0 6 S# ^~Y!# F,-"" 3d\ 3/0 F 20! <,-9!# $%.-0 6u*` EZ-""3d\ 74F <-"!/6 % p4"l F 3"S68 P9=` F-; F 3q uc` W6 E-X.-"!/6 W6 12k F [( [y# 7F:!# 12q8 p4"l F E( (Levine & -"!/6 ^12q8 p4"l F E( EZ 6 u*` -X $F:!# -#B.Smith, 39) ]-"" -24,FZ sk F 1Z à2&9 àa+ W6 3_` ca 6 E2# -24 [Q-a 3 39=` WV"#2b EZ-""-24-1 :(Ibid., 21-28) -0 HF 39=` -""7# -24 Wq isl# F E0 <cr8 <20 `,éf 3 <-""7# <-"6 <# <7=2. <70#F <E <E!`># 2V0 {-0 7Z-2n28 F F-9# 70S2# 3 74F F,-5\ u*` <L\ -3 à` F*/Z F <1F <S0F-0 <E!/8 <745., <isl# <ik s5h <12k <E!`R= <[( [y# <-0 7\"!# #.39=` ]-"" -242b !0pB F [2q` <32 <7"H &B <32`F ( 1,FZ F 3! 70FS cf P!` 3` 6 -_ < c` P=; 4,FZ 74F ( 3,FZ F 12< 3 7 ( 2,FZ < M` EsH ^7#V0 P"S P=;.` 3! [2=& ( 1978 ( F < -. 30` -#B ( O` F F L#B m % ã!x X 3 39=` 7==5412 $> [ ( Msk 3` 6 1 <1988 M` EsH ^7#V0 3 Ws# [#\ 3=5H (.(114 <7=" i# F 12:Z) -0 F <6 F 7#V0 6 4F x`,-. > 6 E9 <i0 V0 3 <-0, mì# 6 4F 6f* < ( 3!`X 6 4F x` 7#V0 F20 f!/z 3 [5 F 7==5412 6z" S20 F <-. E2#V0 1!.-s'0 7d 39=` -X 7#V0 2b.(17-18 <E56) -".7# <7=# F 7=X 7`2` 67A=+,H

9 325 %5; 4& <) =; $ " #! 83 12% L#B =b F M` EsH F c` P=; [&!/# 6 <3 Z $; à#0 87 F à# à# 6 -_ <1975 F c` P=; <,Q 1 6 F 7q&B P\("# c` 1256.(35-37 <i0) -. # 197 à#0 F # 204 M` EsH 3 M` EsH G"H F 3\("# 14 W c` x& F, Ñ M` EsH 7#V0 6 E9 ( 7.0 =b 3 <, EH G"H 12 30(F x`!# + 3 F 3!`28 )QF -; 90 F-a <-_ 3 MF 70sH G"H (.(37 F 33 <E56) `,!Q F 7`2` ( # 119 F <7== X [ F 3&C"# 6 E9 <7=X 6@L5 2=2# 4 ( W6 M` EsH P9=` $F F -0, Ñ M` EsH <,-. Am G"H 120 2=2# 223 )5># F F -2` 1981 % 2=2# % <&B :0 S6 6/2 7#V0 6F20 -_.(15 F 13 <1379 <E# 1 ë F (B.) -. % c` 7+ &B 3 39=` $F F, M` EsH S6 3/4 3/&# 3/5 F -2` <M` EsH P2& % 2=2# 26/5 3/&# <% 2=2# 55/5 3 É\ 51 ( 1985 F ! 6 M\ [!Q F 7=X 6 G"H <6 f. :0 E2=2# àa+.(hettne, 459) -"!. Q 7#V0 #La 9 EB É\ 25 &B $-af E#(` G"H # -L <1980 MF 70sH G"H ( 8 <j"h E2/25 FB OCQ k S20 ' :0 6E2=2# F,-. 3! :0 E2=2#, j"h ^7=X F 7==5412.(66 <,20) -0-. ah É\ W2&!/# <:0 E2=2# 15 (c` 40) c` c+ <7> 6FB àa+ X EH (E-0Fs. 32=\ #La 0 X F 7=X <7==5412) G"H m W2&!/# 2b (F. Stewart, 1993, `, ( $; F à+"# i2l: 3 3 <-0 ` ( ) (),LB>%,LB>% a % : &$ 1980 P P P P &B F U. F 2`B 12% L#B 302#FX [

10 1388 %&'() 2!"# _` F 6E/0 "9# F z0 [=\ 1 Q <7=X 6 G"H,éF 3 <6G"H [259 2Z 6 752V\ ^!Q F 7\5!H <70/0 63"S6 F, 7'!20 ( 3k Z <3_` F 70/0 P4&# F 3 G"H 63"S6 W2/& <$!` V0 3.-""7# E-. - [y#)70/0 ^ 6 3"S6 Ek <-.7# 7!_" 74F ` -2:# 7=2=9 V0 [y#) 3_` $-# ( 6 3"S6 F -"!/6 3_` 6 3"S6 X <(f(#b F 3gR 63"S6 F <-"!/6 6 E/0 "9# F z0 [=\ ( (7:"# -. F 6 X` ( Y EZ[2=9 <ca 1.(Ibid, 358-9) ` W2&!/# 63"S6 ( O2`F 2/ W2&!/#2b 70/0 P_` cf fsz F -""7# ÅX X [2=9 ( G"H 2Z 6!Q <L0 â 70/0 P_` /L. =\ i E"\ 3 fmb F G"H W6 (1990) ( 7520 W ` ]-5\ ^7ZéF i <G"H ( q`0 F $%*!X 3 74a,-. /24 10 ( F, 70/0 P_` ca 6L=5\ 1-6 ( 7'56 6 c` EB k F 74#` <%'0B <E!/0R <782 <7Z-0( 3-2# 112q8 HF <S20 & E#28 70sH i fsz.(ibid, 358) UN -07# z0 Ws# 6 G"H 67 F 7!`F 6X` ( ]!/Z Y» 3 6 ( 7X & 3L0B )H î26 6`2` [2=9 74F <-67# A/0 G"H =\ 3 «-4# 74F, [-_ 63#0 7 M-\ [24 i G"H 3L" F G"H 3 ' 70sH i0 3!A4.(Ibid) `,- 0 G"H c+ `"# [-_ 6`2` 3 7sH î26 E"\ 3 <70-# $\("# F G"H 6-#28 3 <X 2000 / sH P_` fsz # g!# F, 3H 7\5!H M>/0 F 5!\ ^7.8F ^ P/&# <c` -; 2 2Z P0` -24 7=X G"H 12'02# 7'!/F F <70-# $\("# <& 12 F <-0 HF 7=X G"H 3 70#( (WDR HF (}54 [y#) -af P24F % i $; 3!Q. 2000/2001) 6 G"H ä\ 3 ` G"H E8 HF -/07# «3_` P0/» j! ]-"/0 7!/F $2=5\ F 309=/# 6A0 < p4q- 9# 7=9# 6 0 X F 7=X G"H,& 23 F-a <3! f!/z 6,hQ M5 3 F,-. -"k 7!a M` EsH 3L= -0-0 ÜA 70sH ip4q- ](A# 3 <s0b v=/#,fz 50 ^2Z F 7=X <7#Q <7\5!H 67Z(B 3 *!A# F <L2 F 2_5H >:0 (F> 6,-B» 10!Q E.!Q ^-#B0 E-. W2XF 3 <«-"!/6 7'"6 F 7A6g# <7\5!H 67Z(B 1 7\5!H +».(146-7 <1384 <F F-4`) -0,-. -- <70sH

11 327 %5; 4& <) =; {-0 E56 3.7# 76A0 1!Z H# F FB7# --8 7'"6 F 7A6g# <7#Q,-"6"8 100/ X 1 (147 <E56) «-""7# M-s"# =# 4F (,-0# 7Q H <8F E2=2# 4 F-a F 2`B E2=2# 6 <&B E2=2# 7/5 <12% L#B ^52 1 E20Q { F E( <# E2=2# 17 <W!/2 EQ E8 E!/='0 F 20 ` <0 <ié= <2q` #.(E56) -0, EsH `` Z(F> d Ek <-""750 3L 3L 3_#H 7A6g# F 7#Q <7'"6 $*!X» <,-9!# $% 1989 ( <` G"H E8 (.(E56) «-"7# i5 6 4F 1 M>/0 l:a 3 # -"B =\ 3 <7=X 6 G"H -_ F =/# G"H < F =/# G"H 23 E2# ( F ca <!Q ^-#B0 F F8 <,! F 782 <E>âB F E!/"# <}z2=x G"H) 6 4F 12 G"H z"8 x& 76 6G"H 1 y.-0, 7=X 6G"H 32& F <(0 F E!/; <F ( s" E!/; F F8.-0!Q -#B0 Wq*\ 3-0 F.(188 <E56) -0-2`B G"H )0 F 7Z-0( <,-. [-A «7=# 7Z-0( ^7ZéF i» 3 <6 1 ( 2/ 0 X.-03!Y2#B W6 7!/F v=/# 0 X F -Y# # UkQ <,-"S 3A EB 3 2 <7=# -#B S2k0 O( F 30` -#B e{-0 -. G"6B <W6 0 X HF =\ 3!Y2/Z M'4 ]( j.b H# i 3 F ` <2_5H >:0 HF EF- <` M# F 12#(` 4F c!" 1! 12 ( EB PY # 3 <, [-A `ï ` 3 c!" F S# $-Q 32=\ f. F!`F F s. 7#5\ WV0 7+ F -!7# <s0b ( 7A2 <EQ` 7!a F -Y# # E2nQkQ <E%`G"H <7#V0 ^7.. 6,FZ 7#V0 F20 F <.7# --80 E0Q <F7# 12 ( 7`2` -"B» EB F 6@" F 67'!Y2/Z 3 F «-0.7# 7`2` 6s0 1S'H -Y# # 2# v=/#.( <E56) -"0(7# 1#! 2 7=X 6G"H "9# F z0 3 >"# «W2&!/#2b» 3 G"H 70/0 63"S6 $!` 2/0 vc` :(Stewart, ) -"7# W2/& [&!# $2mê vc` 3` 3 <-0.7# 6E/0 6,FZ F 6@Y 3 W ã!x 3) x`!# (6-#B F -24 W vc` ) E* 3d\ F F vc` 3` 1 G"H 7:"# mb.(60x vc` ) ñx F (-"7# 122_ <.-s <jb 2V0 7`` 6% 3 7`!` V0 ( 7#5\ 6 U&9!` F ( <-24..7# W2V\ 70/0 z0 A` 3 -"7# [5\ 76,2. 3 <7.(#B $#-X F gb P#` ^0 F Y ( 7A2 P>2!0 3 <.7# 3 >"# G"H <E* vc`

12 1388 %&'() 2!"# F 7( OCQ Y <$Hs# F z2/ 78 70/0 <7LS2 F 70/0 P>2!0 ) [X -24 6FF ä\ S20 F <` [&0 F [5a 63LA..Z7# <6W9 /F 7HX P4A# F ( A5 =\ 3 <ÅX F (-24 $F F <7HX ( -#B F EB $; 7( F gb <7=# % F M <74R!. <7#5\ F ( <gb 7#5\ G"H 6-#28 F mb ( 7'56 <7gb # 52Q 1! gz7# 2mê 7#5\ 6% {- F g4u 7:"# mb.1 :.7# [;a ` F ( 724# 6-#B uc` 7=# <(... F 6 X` ( Y <6A5) #.FB 7# 7#5\ 63"S6 F X 3 / 3>2!0 F HF,-. Y X` ^(`( F 7#V0 7X ^( 6U&9!` X 3 -B7# HF 3 7# mb 3H $-Q 3 W2&!/# 6-#B F W2&!/# O"# 7_QF x=/ V0 ( 6,FZ (.(Ibid) <.7# [-A <gb,éf 3 <6% -X x`!# vc` <7#V0 F E* vc` 6@6 P>2!0 F 7!.-s $*2s/ [y# 7`` 6(20 12#ê 7#5\ O"# F --. 7:"# $2mê 3 F Ws` 7\5!H 6,FZ F Q <EB F28 F.7# > 7gb 630 F 7.(#B F (`( 3 E0B (20 3 7C. W6 EB 3 F ^[ ( G"H 3 F 7gb 6U&9!` ]-. 125É [Q-a F <s0b ]s S20 F <G"H 63"S6 X8 sh <7HX F 7=X 7\5!H 6(20 12#ê H# O"# F. 7# L_"# 3H.(Ibid, 362) ` x`!# F E* uc` ( 3!`X ^7:"# mb P56 ]-"" <0X ñx vc` :(Ibid).7# ( # [#. F -#B F cr!. Ü&` P>2!0 7gb 6U&9!` Ü&`.1 F.7# 3d\ OCQ ä\ 3 <[&0 F [5a [q/# /F 74/L X ( 7.0 mb 7!a <M.Z 7C9Q 3 >"# -07# 7gb 3!, $Hs# <,-. z2/ G"H E# 3 7!QF <,0X E-2.8 W6 (.2 V0 () 0X, 63A"H ` F 7gb 6U&9!` F 7:"# 2mê #.gZ7# (7!X" 0F F 7LS2

13 329 %5; 4& <) =; 7gb 6U&9!` m,éf 3 <ie=sö# mb 652 (F F ) # ÑÖ <7#5\ P>2!0 f(#b F.-s ^7X 3 F uc` F <-67# ÑÖ G"H c+ 3 7aF $d óa P>2!0 7!X" 0F { F (F> F $b <xf 1! 12 ( [y# 1! 12 ( F -# F [59 Ç2_É F 0 X G"6 zf ( E7# <,F*\ 3 3 C056 < G"H mb E"\ 3 54/# F '!:Z F 7!.B F v=; G"6 <EB $_A F G"H 6F!` ( 7d0 F,-2`B F G"H 2Z 6,FZ & 3 >"# G"H.-.7# F, s # <U\ F E!/0R <E Ek 76 F 70-# F 6(B ( 2Z=H F 7`2` É E-. 3!/ F 7qZ-!Q F 0 <& )5>#..7# S20 <70-# P_#H 3 Ü# 6s0 F jsa [2L E2/25 fsz.-0.7# -- G"H m <-"!/6 7'!203_` 62_# ( 3 L2 :-/07# 3_` W/!2=2# Z0 Q\ ] j"h 2/ 28-0F <7` F S G"H -X O"# (,:!`" 1(# 3 3 k ` E( Z7#V0 G"6 -..-"7# -"ñ 6 ( M# [&# 4F E co/# [; F U&a <7#5\ # <7`# F $-Q (,:!` N` ä\ F ` S2'0/ 2_dF 1.gZ750 M!a E7#,-. -".X # 7`2` MV0 ( M# 7'0'2.(66 <,20) ",-6 # j"h 6 ( F H# P#` Y [#. G"H 3_` 63"S6 (365) $!` -"A\ -0.7# mê!# G"H ( 3 3#` 3 Ü# 6 34&# :-07# --H gz3#` <7\5!H F 7'"6 P#` Ws# -. F s0 P#` <7\5!H F 7LS2 X` ( :( 3 <2L4# 7 F 3 M!a F 7\5!H M>/0 F 5!\ $; 3 6gZ3#` F -"7# 0 63#` 1 P56 G"H.` 72a!Q F 3_#H x` 3k F <, G"H 63"S6 3H!# 7#5\ O"# 3 #La x` 3k <W6 --H 12'"` 63"S6 1.2Z750 $; <% i/ [24 3 <7HX 7=X EgZ3#` 63"S6 1 F -"7#! 2 G"H 70/0 63"S6 X P0 3 <G"H m 3_` 2 <}L_# [+ F 3_` 63"S6 X W6 70/0 ^1(bB x. 7L :(Ibid., 365) 7'!/,-5\ [#\ 3` 3 63"S6 1 ES2# M` F <G"H c+ 7==5412 i5 0pB F 4F $#-Q ' F <g82`b F ` $F:!# 7=X G"H ( <-. 6W9,56 F 7==5412 Z 3 G"H 26#

14 1388 %&'() 2!"# <1980 P6 <U\ F E G"H -"056 7==5412 G"H. 2mê W6 G"H $-# c+ 6f. <E"A4 F E!/0R <M"!F # -"0# 7HX WHs Q 7=9# #F&# E:4Y# j` F <%'0B F i2a#(# <3qZL20 # -"056 7HX 5a 7=9# F 782 <%5Z <E` <F4/4 <ÅA# <-0ZF # 2V0 #La x` 7=X <E"A4 # -" =X G"H F Å# F Å6 3 >"# 3 #La 7.8F <U\ (Ibid, -".7# < c` =b F,-5\ + 3 <E!/0R F A24 <74#` vc` <vc` 1% U\ F E 70%+ G"H <7#V0 6 3! ES2# V0 (.363) $% > W9 3) 3qZL20 F i2a#(# <E!/0R 7=X 6G"H E* 6 1 P56 ñx F x`!# vc` F <, 1 $/X (-.,56 W6,-9!# ' F f(#b F.-s 7#5\ w# Ü&` 3>2!0 F 30` GNP Ü&` <%5Z F <1985 F4/4 & Ñ0 FB H# 7#5\ 6U&9!` <70/0 ^7!/Ss 6~X. V0 ( F -; 60 % 1990 E` F 782 (Ibid, -"!. OdF 1-74#` F <A24 <782 <i2a#(# <%'0B <E!/0R 6 7=X 6G"H ( 7A/0 =:b -/07# {* 7#H 3 C ) F7# c5!a 3 74a.` G"H ] 6ä9 ( 2/ h-h 3=o/# <7#V0 -; HF F 3 3H,éF 3 <-"! 2 2#5\ 70-# $\("# d& <70sH Wb7=\ <3\("# 3 70` X` 3 Q ^EH E# ( 7% F $\5!H <6,0X 7Am7 F,H # =\ i -07# 6; F 6% <& F - 7# -028 F ÜA "H F MH L2 3 C056 <. 6 (J. Black, ` 0 X W6 EB `8 F ` 2#F9# a F 7'0'2X ( U # 3 `% "H F MH 6 Ñ0 <& % 6 Ñ0 ^à+"# ( 2/.2004, 28-32) : % ( 6 [!Q -_ 3 <[( 48q` ) ca /F -07# 3 F 7# 7\5!H 75V0 7 5` 3 F (-2` 1998 : % _#H [ 3 # $> 3\("# F X F ( W ` <. 7&= 7=X G"H 7.8F F "H F MH % uc` F $> F `2` / 3 >"# F (`7# $Am7 6 ( 2/!Q -. 2Z7# 3>2!0 {* <1".(Ibid, 33).7# 7\5!H 7=X #-X 7X 3-0!0 ` 1L5# F ` 7Am7 ê "# X F L2 F & S20 F 630` F $+A F 6$Hs# F <L\ F -. 7`2` 6,FZ # EL# <O"# F O"# P0%\2b `0 O( F ~2Y

15 331 %5; 4& <) =; # [y# -#>"2 3&C"# F 7&A+ <7A6g# <7#Q 3 F (`. 2/.(Ibid, 31,34-35) [( 7!a F 12 2=2 <L0*` <'" <-0F <3>20 <E!/8 %&'( " (# )*# 3 (20 7=# 2"# 3.7# c%-!` + 1 M` EsH 6 7=# uc` 1 ( F 7#V0 O"; F --H 792=/ 6W!/2` f!/z <@ & F l:a EsH 7#V0 63"S6 2` FB àa+. 4F 3_` 7#V0 2"# sh 1 w; % 2=2# 180 F-a 1985 z" ( M` -. -; 4/7 P0%` Ñ0 12'02# + 3 7#V0 63H 1983 F F -. # w; X GNP -; 6/5 $% a.. L\ 3qZL20 <. -0Fs. : ( (` 10 F-a F 7\ : ( (` 23 F c` EB X GNP ( -; 17 6c` y X GNP ( -; 50 -; 30 U\.. -0Fs. -. 1O`.(P.K. Nandi & A.K. Basu, 1993, 34-35) 1980 P6 12/8 <E!/8 F -"6 <E!/0R /Y0 P=6F <7"H 2`B v=/# 6F20 GNP ( -; 25 74F -0A0 G"H 2Z 3L" E5\ F _` E!/\. ÑÖ -; ^792=/ 6-X EB ( -; 13 F 1985 X 2" ( 3!A4 <M` EsH à+"# ` ( EB F 1970 P6 XF &B 6c` 12 M` EsH 792=/ $*#_# [ Ç <!Lk 63"S6 1 y.(ibid, 35) Z $; à` F. F,-9!# $% 1988 F 1981 EsH 6 4F 25a ( Ws# 7=A5` F 2"# E"\ 3 F v=; E#( 7#V0 H 3 <!s! 2 F!ZS ^7#V0 $/2`ê <3 /24a 1 F 2Z7# $; M` 6#X F 3!Y2'0 M` EsH Ç=!Y# à+"# 792=/ Q <2"# & <@ ` 3 j25 O"# Ç9 7#V0 W2V\ 63H S20 F -"7# >! 2 `7 F <52 <7'"`Z <& 3 -"7# 75q F 2Ay 6 1 7C. sá 7b E54B à` WV\ -; 0 7=F 3 C056.(Ibid, 35-36) -0(7# 1# 3_` F,-. 7Am7 -. A` X M` EsH ( 7_2`F 6@Y 39=` -24».( <0 7=F) «-"7# Ç2_É 3 [ M` EsH 6 3 -"7# â f7> $&2&9 P>2!0 W6 2` (! 2 -; 50 F -""7# 7!.-s 6AQ# w; 3 3n0B (! 2 sk &

16 1388 %&'() 2!"# (Nandi & Basu, 36) -""7# ÅX X 7#V0 # <-""7# 3"S6 f(#b 3 3n0B F ) 63H 3 -"7# c%-!` (1986) «7'"`Z F $92=/» M0 0 Q,:!` # 7F:!# 6S2k -X Ek <-"!/20 '-L 7"S'H 3_` F & 3 F /20 caq [Q 3_` F 7\ 6 3"S6 w*!x F -02Z7# Wa W4\ Ç=!Y# 7'"`Z 3 70#( F -0(7# 1# M# 7'"`Z F W X 7C9Q m -0. 3! 3 -"7# 7Q 3k ç`` F.750 > v=; -. F M# 7'"`Z 3A=b F $92=/ c!" -; - 7==5412 3_#H F '"`Z F ]5m G"H» 3 ` uc# $hq 3 ]- 1.(Ibid., 37) -. E0B 7!Y- 635 k` ` 3 c# v=; Q 1" F «` 7!Y- F 2_5H ( </ <7!4-\7 <7!`-2s -&!"# i 3 -"6-2& (F /Y0-0Z -".(303 <=) -.7# [#\ 1 1! 12 ( 3 F 1 M` EsH EA6 ' ( 2/ [y# 792=/ P&/# M-Q m L 3_` -" & sh -07#.7#,s2 ^792=/ P&/# w; PC» E# [=# E#(` u*` O=X fsz.(nandi& Basu, 37). 3!Z 1 3 < 3_` F u*` O=X ](a 6[2=9 1 O#H ( 3 «u*` O=X F 3_`,!/Z 63"S6 < P0'".F O:0 F 70/0 4-\ "A# 3 -`7# 3>2!0 F ^70/0 F # <O` > F & 3 E E8 sh - 792=/ 7L <c_!# 7\5!H F!Q P_` i >!/H F 792=/ P&/# sñ 3 3 `,s2 F AZ# 6gZ3#` 7#V0 W2V\ 63"S6 F <-" jy!0 F -#>07# <6X8 ( 3 Ü# F M -- <7_2A+ O"# ^(` O0# F -507# w9"# p4"l F W=\ -. F F-9# F,s 3 Ü# 6F!` <-"" -28 7C29# /( [q/# ( 2/ 76[a, -"0! 6 3.7# EB ( 1!#. (Ibid) -"7# 0 M` EsH,éF 3 6 E/0 EL` F O#H!Q 3>2!0 F P&/# F 7#V0 63"S6 % vc` 3.7# g!# W6 u*` O=X L/0 7Y!0 ^7\5!H!Q [q/# mì# O F [a (20 # $-. 3 O"# s" =/ F, M5 7_2A+ O"# F -50 7# -- [q/# 1 3L= <-"7# w9"# 6 F gz7# 7:"# 2mê 6 X8 ( F -" 7# -- 7# 6 2Z sh F mb <`2` 7&25\ 2mê )5># F -#>07# 7`2` 7Am 7 F!Q 7'!Y2/Z 3 S20.(Thee, 47) gz7# 6 ( 2/ 3_#H F!Q O"; ` y [#\ ` F P"S6 792=/ O"; 3 F-a S20 F <EB p4"l F 3#` b 3 P2X =\ 3 F-a 3

17 333 %5; 4& <) 1 F.7# [&!"#,-""w# 1 3 ` EB =\ mb 7# `!Q 6@Y ` 3 X <-24 [#\ ` P"S6 3 < 74# O"# -07# L\ 3L= </20 ( cr. E-"k F -0 7!Ay# 7A0H EsH -. 3 F F20-2:# cr!. > F & ( 76 w; /07# [ ê S20 L/0 7.(#B 1!#.(Nandi & Basu, 38) -6-6 <. M` O"; ^7q(cR!. ^7= [2/0!8 <7#V0 w# % 6p4"L ]-"S 7Z-""122_.(Thee, 49) ` 3! 12 ( 7#V0 i F -0 X & F V9# ^7ZéF i M` EsH 7#V0 6s0 <,F*\ 3 2mê 7\5!H ^7Q P"S6 3 P_` 3 -"67# [2L -"5-Q ^7\5!H F20 <7=# 2"# E"\ 9 F,50 5a 7#5\ 7`( $2=5\ ( s0b.-0gz7# # 2/ F <7=X ^7`2` E:4Y# 32=\,éF 3 <-"6 7# M>0 624_ )0 7=X E2d0 j` 792=/ P&/# s # 7=X # 7s0 F ]-"B 7_QF -2# s" 3 7\5!H [#L F -0`7# 2`B i2# 6-"B 3 2/ Z7#V0 ^7`2` s.(ibid., & Nandi& Basu, 38) -"7# Ç2_É <` <` $-Q c5\e E & EB ( w-6 3 Z7#V0 -"» F ` 12'"` F h-h P=X-# EL# -0F 12"k.. 7# >"# 7`2` $-Q S5 3 ça4b Z-!Q ^7#V0 6Wp ( 7=+ F s0 70-# P_#H 7#V0 M` EsH ]-5\ [q/# ( 2/ OQF.(381 <E# 1 F (B) «-6 7# ff8 X 1# F > xf <M F!Q c_ M-\ <p0 <7Z4B <3_` 3 Ü# # =/ P&/# PC`F 3 <1L/# F f(#b <7!.-s 6 AQ# E-& <p4"l 7=X ^70/0 F 74# F # O"# (` (B 3 u*` O=X 3 74a.-0.7# i5 3_` w-6 s0b ~2Y 3 F <F 6 3_` ca F 3! 3_` 6 H 6 F, 122_ 64F 3 ` (20 # 3_` é!` 1".-"7# (.-6 M>0 7Q 3 [20 -" E#( -. M(% 3 (& $2=5\! F w-6 F à25\ 2mê 3 A/0 6!/ j*&0 ` #-X 3 F F 3!. 7#V0 6s0 26# F 7#V0 F,-. 7&= mì# F Ws# 7#V0 Z3a F ~Y <AH #-X H 3 F #-X R4 32 7!a F 24! F 32`F <3/0 <E!/='0 <,-9!# $% Ek 76

18 1388 %&'() 2!"# E F 76 F20 P_` EB H 3 F 7#V0 6F20 F AH 6F20 [-A S20 F 2 # F % 6-0!` F 6 $s# <,-2n # (Black, `,-Z uc# % P2aF F $S2s> F $s# F 7B (! 28 F =+F M(% $\*+ F 2:. >» <E( cq 3 <W6 ( 7"!A# ^7`2`!Q i.12-13) [Q F 5!\ [Q #B HF F, gz m 7!2"# xf 65/Q P56 w:. F 2"# & F ca 3 6 4F 12 F 4F [X 624_ )0 ] 3/&# yl!# 7`2` 6!X` F (!Q 7\5H 3 H 6» F <«-" 7# i5 7==5412 -"5-Q P_#H 70A2! 8 ( 70sH vc` Wp -# F 7_5H A6 <-. 3!. HF MFS4 F 7!2"# F!Q [&!# 7'!/F.( <E() «-6X X 7==5412 F F F/# U&a fg8 "A#. csz ^7==54 12 P_#H ` 3 Ay# LF ^3_` 6@4k [a sh L56 F 7==5412 ]-. 3!g8 -\Q F 76ZB F, v=; É F <7=X M>/0 F 2\F # F -#B <Q 6 4F x` 70sH 3 7!_"; P! 28 6 ( -07# <792=/ c!" F (`5!\ F '!:Z F -07# 39=` F-; 3,-. 3!g8 O2`F +3 E".- W25_ M` EsH 6 ; 6 1" F -. 3!. 6 7=# 2"# F 7:"# ^7HX r\ F mb.(levine & Smith, 94) -"" W2V" 39=` $> -".7# L56,-"" F 7=# EF# 6F20 )0 F -0, ` ( 0 X 90 64F 3 E" F -0,-. ch_ 74# F 7+A F ip4"l $0L# F 6S 13! 28 <7=# v=; ( -`8 F v=; 3 -A0 k <-0,-. 70sH W6 67"#0 F 6--s <6} <6CX <&B 2& [=# F 6,FZ < 3 E 4F F p4"l F 3#` à+ ( > F O"# 30%\ O( F O"# P"2s ~2Y F <302#FX F 12% L#B <2`B 7'"`Z F & F & xx ( 1!/( 70 F 3_` F, F $Fm F -#B F F v=; <@0 6EH -#»,. = 3 C056.X8 <E'56-6X,-"S 256 7\d# $; 3 < 700Q 7 j.b v=; EZ-""8 v=; 7 0 é!` î26» F «Q v=; l:a Z c!"» F «-#B 7"_ <$\*+ =` F <,-"",5Z $\*+ <$\*+ O"# 1Ws# ( 7L F w-6 F 3_` 3 A/0 6,'0 F 6f'0 -.( <=) «'0,-0 <630` 7`` 6(20 3 E 4F 3_` 6é!` <EB F28 F -" 22R EB 62_# /( x29# F E/0 F U*X!Q F -"6 sh 22R L2 F & O F [a F 70sH F xa# W6 3 EFS (F "# F U&a F Y -028

19 335 %5; 4& <) =; M\ 63"2#( F jkk ( F!Q F '2#V0 7`` 256 <,-. f(#b F 630` F 7!4F 2b 6 E#(` F 7#5\ L F -"" [5\ 70/0 F 7\5!H F 7=# 2"# P0s 3 -A0.-0. ch_ <E'56 «3_` àa» F v=; F u*` O=X F (B L! c!" F!Q #La <EB 3 h-a [` F M F L2 F & 3 6!Q -#B0 F > <É ( Q Ç2_É M# F #La E2# P=; F ( 1# 12q8 F x`!# $&A+ F 6,FZ ^g82`b 3 <mì# 7`5= <2& 6 ts y. > 2\F # E9 F! 2 6i5 =H F ` $2a P# O"# / ié!` S Fe cq 3&C"# $Am F v=; F 30!`F H > F 7=# 6`2` H 7!_"; 6 ) H 3 O"#» 3. Q 7C. ` Fd <7=# 7\ `2` 1F- 63"S6 F «. -6 jb F p0 <gb 2"# 2V0 <& ^7Lé!` [#\ ` 3 7=# E6-0# F. <3"S F E-# ^7Lé!` ^7\ # w; Fd -a 7\ $92=/ 30 <# \ 7=# $-Q P:4ì# 1Ws#» 3 -"0-2& 6 ^7#V0 74\.(187 <F) «` F" -!Q [#\ 3L= 75Hs F -03! 630` F 7#5\ L <7L20F!L4 $+A F f(#b f!/z [&\ F( -0g'0 F -02' v=; 7Z-0( _#H F 3`-# F 30X F [2=& 7#V0 ]-"S 63"S6 3 E750 2"# 3=o/#.2' 7 28 '!:Z u*` 0 u*`.a0 sh O"# w* ( - <F 6 7==5412 F 7=# vc` V0 E2`S2# -"B i E"\ 3 u*` O=X f(#b F 2Z=H 7s0.(Thee, ) Z ` 7==5412 F 7=# 2"# & 7_4C# P!. i E"\ 3 u*` O=X f(#b xa# ` w; O"# <792=/ 6Q F 63"S6 ( - 3 u*` O=X f(#b.(ibid, 334)!Q 3_` F.-s <f(#b [y# 7=# 2"# F { 6 f( "A# - F 3_` F U&a f(#b 7`` _` ca ==5412 vc` 7'"6 P4A# F [59 F W6: 1" F 7=X 2\F # F =# F #La -028 F E'AY0 )5H F 7\5!H M>/0 F #X F G"H 2/# O"# w* H 3 <,X3_` F Q 64F > $Am F WV0 Q F -24 F 3 <X 6(# ( ÅX F [X j` 0 X F f(` F v=; Mò 7qÉ 3_#H -4# 6F20 F X E-0Fs. 2"# F F c5. 6 L56 F 54/# F '!:Z F v=; P` F <3!X8 7!.B F 5!\

20 1388 %&'() 2!"# <7=# uc` E'56 7`# F, F 3_` 3 7"#0 F --s F } <7!_"; F 3_` F -24 FeZ 6 1 c*&!` F 2"# Ek.-"" [-A 70sH F 3&C"#.792=/ P&/# F 39=`.A0 F -X,FZ 30 ` E-0Fs. d F 7=#,.-"7# m 3!L0 1 7X 3 à` F. P> <-67# E 0 34&# 1,-. 3q -6. F [% 3 C056 <$; 1 2b F 792=/ P&/# F <70sH F 3&C"# <7=# uc` 0 X F #X F G"H -- M` EsH 6 ^7Z-0# &\ <792=/ 6-X 5` 3 O"# Ç9 c !_"; -!Q F ip4"l - 75=\ W2V\ wl. HF.-"7# 7FF -Q 3 M` EsH 6 [X 6S G"H -24 7!a <j"h F 1# F O"#! 2 w* ä\ F -"750 12#ê w-6 1 S20 7=# 2"# 12#ê F 6--s 12 wl. F 2\F # E9 1" F M# 7!d0 F L2 F 2#F9# F & 3 E( 2\F # F 5!\ F M>/0 -Q F Ç2_d 6 4F..7# [X 3_#H F #La 7"#0 ê "# S20 F 7=# 2"# F 3_#H F E-0Fs. 2"# --s 1tS X <7=X <& f!/z 3 <7Z-0# &\ -- F -"!/6 70sH F 3&C"# uc` 7Am 7 F 1# 7A=+ G"H F '2#V0 F 7Z2" F W/F <7=X G"H <0 X <L2.-"0(7# :+!, -* :' /0 :Es <A6 $_4C# ]-L 6Fé8 WH!# '$% <(1379) <G0k <E# 1 F. F <(B -1.A6 $_4C# ]-L 6Fé8 $!0 $_4C#! :Es <R6LB$% BP$B 61) N+ < ^!`F F WH!# <(1374) <7A!># <2# -2.7==54 12 F 7`2` j*&0 f(#b F $!0 :Es <3 ë <8 E56 S#6 P5H <=$ C d@>% <(1370) <7=F <0-4.7#*` $_4C# ]-L 6Fé8 :Es <A6 $_4C# ]-L 6Fé8 P5H <7 'K % <(1378) < E( -5.A6.$\*+ $!0 :Es <$ -s# P5H <&$W 2 &$ <(1374) <-26 F 14 <= -6.7'"6 F 75=\ $!0 :Es <7d F/X P5H <61) &$ <(1373) -40B <7A" -7.E!X 0 :Es <2 ë <,(...-A\ 59#! P5H <=E) N>/ <(1384) <F-4` <F -8 75=\ $!0 :Es <2+ d2=\ F 705 7:C# P5H <=E) e- '$% <(1377) <. <à` -9.7'"6 F.0 0 :Es <2 ë <sz i20 12/94-A\ P5H < 2S) <(1362) EF` {p Ep <A. -10

21 337 %5; 4& <) =; $!0 :Es <7d 59# P5H < &$ AB9 <( 7) <-0Z,-0B :Es <8 Å P5H <%1" ( <(1365) <0 E2/ :Es <8 3HX d#*b P5H < 4 3C6+ > NE) <(1377) < <7=" i# F <ä2 <12:Z -13.F.#Q 0 :Es <7=2=X W26 35H < (1992) j"h E2/25 fsz <}24Fp <, (F $!0 :Es </s. -5a P5H < % f% <(1373) <[q#` <E!'"2!06-17 :! Black, Jeremy, (2004), War and the New Disorder in the 21 st Century, London & New York: Continuum. 2- Herrne, Bjorn, (1985), Transcending the European Model of Peace and Development, in Alternatives. 3- Levine, Paul, & Smithm Ron(ed.s), (2003), Arms Trade, Security and Conflict, London & New York: Routledge. 5- Nandi, Proshanta K.& Basu, Ashim L. (1993), A Peace Dividend in Journal of Developing Societies, Vol. IX. 6- Stewart, Frances, (1993), War and Underdevelopment: Can Economic Analysis help Reduce the Costs?, in Journal of International Development, Vol. 5, No Thee, Marek(ed.), (1981), Armaments, arms control and disarmament, Paris: Unesco. : # 2& 2CE,B %:) 'C DC E +&'! ()*"!» %26!" 70!(» %50!" 79 «&,!-!8!/» % 48!" 79 «&,!-.(/! C,D» %52!" 80 « ? &:;! &<(=! >?(; &(@= H) E(! 2 F'!» % 54!" 80 « ? &:;! &<(= %63!" 83 «(1 -L*- M= ( &N=» % 59!" 82 «(I!= H!J=!( «-!L Q!! E( C,D» % 69!" 84 «(N- E(! P4» 87 «(CR! ( ES TUD» % 2!" 86 «&N= >,*» 71!" 85. 3!"

Parts Manual. EPIC II Critical Care Bed REF 2031

Parts Manual. EPIC II Critical Care Bed REF 2031 EPIC II Critical Care Bed REF 2031 Parts Manual For parts or technical assistance call: USA: 1-800-327-0770 2013/05 B.0 2031-109-006 REV B www.stryker.com Table of Contents English Product Labels... 4