Dust Generation In Industry
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1 Factrs that Affect Dust Generatin In Industry David Leith Department f Envirnmental Sciences and Engineering University f Nrth Carlina Marc Plinke Maryanne G. Bundy
2 -.e:+"$ - Lrl trj CJ ze ^= x-r O '-(, Brething Zne E =O r! c- Z lrj n(j r-r [t.l '- 0: PRODUCTION PROCESS Bth Prcess and Material Affect Dust Generatin
3 v Thery : EnergyInput Separat infrces B inding Frces Dust Generatin Transprt Dust Cncentratin Cnceptuaf Mdef fr Factrs that Affect Dust Generatin
4 Separatin Frces: lmpactin Assumptin: Strngest Frces Act n lmpact Depend n Energy Input lmpact Velcity Mass f Agglmerate Affected by th e Prcess: Fall Height Material Flw (mass/time) Cnditin f Receiving Surface (Hard r Sft)
5 The Hpper Flw f Single Particles The Release Pint N Flw Situatin (Bridging) Flw f ril'?:,sh ''0? + Agglmerate ilif idii=giftitv S0 ln the Air Agglmerates and fl.60 partlcles wilh { l, qls ^ bffierentvetciues -f I 1 \ryb \ Partlcte with hph velcity + Agglmerate with lr velcity Agglmerates and partlcles wilh ditferent velcitles The lmpactin Pint Frces that Act n a Material as it Falls
6 {t\-{ v2( \r{ \-{ \ Primary Particle Breakage Area U' tr Particle Buncing Area Deagglmeratin' Q q) c v, U 0urz' \ [it Primary Particle Breakage Area,FlO<0 + 'ss Particle Adhesin Area (Eq. 4) /,/ V (k=051 t / Primary Particle Size dp [um] Cllisin Velcity vs. Particle Size: Regins f Adhesin, Buncing, and Breakage
7 Material Adjustable Diamete\ rqr+s ' '-'='rt \;ffi I BalanceI lmpact Plate Receiving Hpper \ Apparatus t Measure lmpactin
8 ( ( ( 3,900 l-l ) -a c -(t' (tt c0 3,700 c +..C,.9) 3 3, Time [s] Wdghtn Balance fr Falling Material vs. Time
9 cnt F E t-l c.9 +t C) (U - Es -+ Titanium Dixide -+ Glass Beads Material Drp Height Over Pile [m] lmpactin (Frce/Flw) vs. Drp Height Material as Parameter
10 fmpactin Mdel J - e-1.tt0.45 H0.4t0.10 M0.1t0.03 6r00.2t0.04 p qr0.1t0.03 6p0.2t0 I -- Impactin, m/s H -- Drp HeighI m M -- Misfure Cntent,% ds -- Particle Size, pm pp -- Particle Density, kdm' cw Cne Width, m AR -- Angle f Repse, degrees
11 a e tr C #t C) ( - F E -F Ff jv (l) +..9 a (l) l- - Titanium Dixide Lactse Limestne Glass Beads 5 Measured lmpactin [m/s] lmpactin Predicted frm Regressin Equatin vs. Measured lmpactin
12 Binding Frces: Chesin Depend n Surface Cntact Pints van der Waals Frces Capillary Frces (misture cntent) Electrstatic Frces Affected by Prperties f the htlaterial: Physical Prperties Cmpressin Histry Misture Histry Result: N Mdel Available fr Nn-ldeal Materials
13 Variable Tp Weight Causes Variable ress Measuremen Lid 10 mm R ing Sample 10 mm I I I I I I l.' I RtatingBase,. 62mm " Shear Area : 30 cmz Peschl Shear Tester fr Measuring Chesin
14 (u - l< a v, c) l- P U) (U 0).c, U' Chesin = y Intercept 23 Nrmal Stress [kpa] Shear Stress vs. Nrmal Stress frm Peschl Shear Tester Y-intercept is Chesin
15 -l(s - 5 c1 '-@ (l) -c O t+ Titanium Dixide +F Limestne + Gtass Beads -,e- Lactse Misture Cntent l/l Chesin vs. Material Misture Cntent Material as Parameter
16
17 Chesin Mdel C - el.3+0.s6 M r TrO.3r.a C -- Chesin, kpa M Misture Cntent,% ds Particle Diameter, lrm T. Melting Temperature, C
18 R2= 0.62 l-l (6 - l< -l cr a -c O,l V!! E +t.9 lf, L (L V tr u V Lactse Limestne Titanium Dixide Glass Beads Measured Chesin [kpa] Chesin Predicted frm Regressin Equatin vs. Measured Chesin
19 Dust Generatin Balance Between Binding Frces and Separatin Frces Apprach, lm pactin Chesin Measure All Variables Determine Functin f
20 Chesin Impactin Dust Generatin Rate Dr Heicht N/A m m Materid Flw N/A kc/s kcls Materid TiO2, Limestne, Glass Beads, Lactse TiO2, Limestne, Glass Beads, Lactse TiO2, Limestne, Glass Beads, Lactse Misture Cntent 0, 0.1, 1.2% l'- 5.5'- 6'Y Particle Size Range f d<s;rm, 5<d<25pm, Material d>25um 'Misture values fr lactse 0, 0. l, 1.2 % l'.5.5'.6'y 0,0.1, 1.2% l'- 5.5'- 6'Y d<spm,5<d<25pm, d<spm, 5<d<25pm, d>25um d>25um Variables Investigated in Dust Generatin Tests
21 Full-Scale Apparatus t Measure Dust Generatin Fan ttatt lmpactr Cnveyr B elt Hle f Adjustable Diameter Ven t Material ffi D rp H eight.1.i,!,*j_ Cutff Valve Elutriatin Clumn Air R eturn Fan rfbfl lmpact Plate Receiving Hpper Baffles Distribute Air Evenly Separatin Frce.-!"asurement sectii5[- Dust Measurement ---.> Dust Generatin Sectin I sectin Large Particles Setfle Out
22 10 Lpm 20 and 40 cm tall Extensins Allw Additinal Drp Heights f 52,72, and 92 cm Five-Stage lmpactr Win / ti IElutriatin Clumn Windw Material lnjectin Slide 9.4 cm 9.4 cm 25 cm MeasurementSectin Generatin Sectin Bench-Tp Apparatus t Measure Dust Generatin
23
24
25 0.01 t-t ) ) rr-l rft : q) +t (U tr c.9 +, (6 L. E.l +. a f -e- -EF -v- + Titanium Dixide Limestne Glass Beads Lactse 1E Drp Height H [m] Dust Generatin vs. Drp Height Material as Parameter
26 0.01 ) g.1 +t G' E,.E.1 it (s L. c P 1E-005 v, f, a Titanium Dixide Limestne Glass Beads Lactse 1E-06' ' 10 Material Misture Cntent M[%] Dust Generatin vs. Material Misture Material as Parameter
27 Equatin Determined Gi :e-e.1t.e -0.2,0.03 lm pactionl'0t0'27 FraC; Chesin3^tn R fr 147 tests with fur materials
28 ) g +t E, c P lc) c +t a fọ 9 R2= 0.59 yv V v :.ō (l). CD.N v) lr f a n V Titanium Dixide Limestne Glass Beads Lactse 1E ' """" """"' ' """" ' ",""' 1E-006 1E Predicted Size Specific Dust Generatin Rate [g/g Measured Dust Generatin vs. Dust Generatin Predicted by Regressin Equatin
29 Gnclusins. Created a cnceptual mdel fr dust generatin. Develped techniques t measure factrs that affect dust generatin. Develped equatins t predict dust generatin
30 Summary. Determine Chesin frm Experiments r Equatin Depends primarily n misture and size f material. Determine lmpactin frm Experiments r Equatin Depends primarily n fall height fr prcess Measure Size Distributin f Original Material. Fr Each Particle Size f Interest, Use Equatin T Predict Fractin that Becmes Air-brne as Dust.
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