Molecular Tagging Techniques Part - 2
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1 AerE 545X class ntes #4 Mlecular Tagging Techniques Part - 2 Hui Hu Department f Aerspace Engineering, Iwa State University Ames, Iwa 500, U.S.A Cpyright by Dr. Hui Iwa State University. All Rights Reserved!
2 Mlecular Phtluminescence Phenmena Flurescence emissin: Radiative prcess frm a singlet excited state t its singlet grund state. Singlet-singlet transitins are quantum mechanically allwed, making flurscence shrt-lived with emissin lifetimes n the rder f ns. Phsphrescence emissin: Radiative prcess frm a triplet excited state t its singlet grund state. Such transitins are quantum mechanically frbidden, phsphrescence is lng-lived lived with emissin lifetimes that may apprach millisecnds. Bth flurescence and phsphrescence may be used fr fluid temperature measurement by qualificatin f phtluminescence intensity. absrptin excited singlet State, S cllisinal deactivatin flurescence phsphrescence excited triplet state, T cllisinal deactivatin Cpyright by Dr. Hui Iwa State University. All Rights Reserved! grund electrnic state
3 LIF Technique with Temperature Dependent Flurescent Dyes: Rhdamine B and Flurescien Nrmalized Intensity (I(x)/I T=4 C ) Rhdamine B Excitatin wavelength 308nm Excitatin wavelength 488nm Excitatin wavelength 54nm Nrmalized Intensity (I(x) /I T=4 C ) Excitatin wavelength 308nm Excitatin wavelength 488nm Excitatin wavelength 54nm Flurescein Temperature ( C) Temperature ( C) 308nm UV laser 488nm Argn-in laser 54nm Argn-in laser Rhdamine B Flurescein -.55% K - (5 0 C ~ 65 0 C) -.7% K - (6 0 C ~ 66 0 C) *Sakakibara and Adrian -2.3 % K - (5 0 C ~ 40 0 C) -.48% per K - (6 0 C ~ 66 0 C) *Cppeta and Rger -.54 % K - (20 0 C ~ 60 0 C) -0.45% K - (5 0 C ~ 65 0 C) -0.25% K - (6 0 C ~ 66 0 C) +2.25% K - (6 0 C ~ 66 0 C) *Cppeta and Rger *Cppeta and Rger -0.6 % K - (20 0 C ~ 60 0 C) % K - (20 0 C ~ 60 0 C) Cpyright by Dr. Hui Iwa State University. All Rights Reserved!
4 Sme Limitatins r Issues Using LIF Technique Sme Limitatins r Issues Using LIF Technique Lw temperature sensitivity: Thermal flws with small temperature difference. It is highly desirable t have an adjustable temperature sensitivity: Temperature differences in thermal flws may change dynamically accrding t the perating cnditin. Reflect light r scattering light may cntaminate LIF signal: Optical filters may nt be able t filter ut the reflecting laser light r scattering light cmpletely. A nvel mlecular tagging thermmetry technique is develped by using the lng-lived lived laser induced phsphrescence f a specially-designed phsphrescent triplex (-BrNp Gβ-CD ROH) t achieve temperature measurement with adjustable temperature sensitivity. Cpyright by Dr. Hui Iwa State University. All Rights Reserved!
5 Lng Lifetime Phsphrescent Mlecular Tracers Phsphrescent triplex (-BrNp Gβ-CD ROH). Brmnaphthalene (-BrNp) 2. Cycldextrin (Gβ-CD) Alchls (ROH ) Relative intensity Spectraphtmeter Output vs Wavelength T = 32.0 C T= 25.4 C T= 9.7 C T= 4.5 C T = 0.2 C T= 3.40 C Phsphrescence Mlecular structure f the phsphrescent triplex 000 flurescence Cpyright by Dr. Hui Iwa State University. Wavelength All Rights (nm) Reserved!
6 Technical Basis fr Temperature Measurement Accrding t quantum thery,, the decay f phsphrescence emissin intensity (I( em ) fllws an expnential law: I em = I e I : Initial phsphrescence intensity: I i : the lcal incident laser intensity C : cncentratin f phsphrescence dye ε : the absrptin cefficient t / τ t / τ = Φ p : phsphrescence quantum yield, temperature-dependant I i C I τ : phsphrescence lifetime, which refers t the time when the intensity drps t 37% (i.e. /e) ) f the initial intensity (I( 0 ), temperature-dependant. ε Φ p e = I Cε Φ i p Φ = Φ( T ) τ = τ ( T ) I I em = = I I em ( T ) ( T ) Cpyright by Dr. Hui Iwa State University. All Rights Reserved!
7 Phsphrescence intensity Technical Basis fr Temperature Measurement Capturing the phsphrescence emissin at time t using a gated CCD detectr: δ t t t+ δ t τ ( T ) τ ( T ) S p = Iemdt = I( T ) τ ( T ) e e t At a prescribed temperature T = T time delay t excitatin laser pulse initial phsphrescence intensity, I SS p p δt Time, t S δ t t τ ( T ) τ ( T ) ( T ) ( T ) e e τ Cpyright by Dr. Hui Iwa State University. All Rights Reserved! p R = = I S p S p = R(T, = t) Relative intensity: I ( T ) τ ( T ) I ( T ) τ ( T ) e e δ t τ ( T ) δ t τ ( T ) e [ ] t τ ( T ) τ ( T ) Relative intensity R is the functin f temperature, T, and time delay after laser pulse, t!!! The sensitivity fr temperature measurement is adjustable by changing the time delay, t!!!
8 Phsphrescence Lifetime vs. Temperature Phsphrescence intensity Lifetime imaging technique: S2 Δt / τ Δt = e τ = τ = τ ( T ) S ln( S / S ) S = I i Cε Φ S S 2 p 2 δ t / τ t / τ ( e ) e S2 = Ii Cε Φp lifetime (ms) δ t/ τ ( t+δt )/ τ ( e ) e data set 4 (slutin 3) data set 3 (slutin 2) data set 2 (slutin ) data set (slutin ) Temperature ( C) δt Δt δt time Phsphrescence lifetime vs. temperature Cpyright by Dr. Hui Iwa State University. All Rights Reserved!
9 Initial Phsphrescence Intensity vs. Temperature Relative intensity Initial intensity (200ns, 50μs expsure) delay=5.ms, expsure=ms (experimental data) delay=.ms, expsure=ms (experimental data) delay=4.ms, expsure=ms (experimental data) delay=5.ms, expusre=ms (predictin) delay=4.ms expsure=ms (predictin) delay=.ms, expusre =ms (predictin) Temperature ( C) Cpyright by Dr. Hui Iwa State University. All Rights Reserved!
10 Calibratin Prfiles with Different Time Delay Sensitivity fr temperature measurement at 25 C Time delay after laser pulse Delay= ms Temperature sensitivity (K - ) 5.8 % LIF f Rhdamine B time dealy =2ms, expsure time =ms time delay =7ms, expsure time =ms time delay =5ms, expsure time=ms time delay =3ms, expsure time= ms time delay =ms, expsure time =ms Initial intensity (200ns delay, 50us expsure) Delay=2 ms Delay=3 ms Delay=5 ms Delay=7 ms 8.9 % 3.0 % 5.2 % 2.5 % Relative intensity 0. LIF using Rhdamine B 2.2 % Cpyright by Dr. Hui Iwa State University. All Rights Reserved! Temperature ( C)
11 Demnstratin Experimental Setup verflw head tank hneycmb mesh structure Thermcuple Cartridge heater Cpper cylinder cnstant pwer DC supply thermmeter reserve tank pulsed laser grid Quartz windws valve x Y heated cylinder 2-bit intensified CCD camera DICAM-PRO T laser digital delay generatr (SRS-DDG535) hst cmputer Thermal paste Heated cylinder Heated cylinder Quartz Windws Water Channel Thermcuple Beam Blcker Mirrr Mirrr Beam Splitter Cylindrical Lenses Optical setup Rectangular Beam frm Excimer UV Laser (308nm) pump Experimental setup Present experimental parameters: U in = m/s D = 4.76mm T fluid = 24.0 C T cylinder = 57.0 C Re = 70 Cpyright by Dr. Hui Iwa State University. All Rights Reserved!
12 Cmparisn f Raw Images with Different Time Delay a. ms after laser pulse, expsure time ms b. 3ms after laser pulse, expsure time ms c. 5ms after laser pulse, expsure time ms d. 7ms after laser pulse, expsure time ms Cpyright by Dr. Hui Iwa State University. All Rights Reserved!
13 Demnstratin Experiment - 0 Temperature C a. 7ms after laser pulse, expsure time ms X/D Y/D b. Backgrund Cpyright by Dr. Hui Iwa State University. All Rights Reserved!
14 Summary A nvel Mlecular Tagging Thermmetry was develped by taking advantage f the temperature dependence f laser induced phsphrescence f a specially-designed phsphrescent triplex (-BrNp BrNp Gβ-CD ROH) t cnduct temperature measurements in liquid. The advantages f the present technique: The temperature sensitivity f phsphrescence intensity is adjustable stable. changing the time delay between the laser excitatin pulse and the t phsphrescence image acquisitin. Much higher temperature sensitivity: Expsure time ms, time delay ms: Expsure time ms, time delay 7ms: 5.8% K - at 25 C. 2.5% K - at 25 C. Eliminate the effect f reflecting laser light r scattering light cmpletely: The reflecting laser light and scattering light live nly when the excitatin laser is illuminating. The time delay between the laser pulse and the phsphrescence image i acquisitin kill all the reflecting laser light and scattering light. The issues still need t be slved: The effect f the nn-unifrmity f excitatin laser intensity needs t be calibrated separately. A intensified camera may be required fr the phsphrescence image acquisitin with lnger time delay after laser pulse. Cpyright by Dr. Hui Iwa State University. All Rights Reserved!
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