EE247B/ME218: Introduction to MEMS Design Lecture 7m1: Lithography, Etching, & Doping CTN 2/6/18
|
|
- Edgar Simon
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EE247B/ME218 Intrductin t MEMS Design Lecture 7m1 Lithgraphy, Etching, & Dping Dping f Semicnductrs Semicnductr Dping Semicnductrs are nt intrinsically cnductive T make them cnductive, replace silicn atms in the lattice with dpant atms that have valence bands with fewer r mre e - s than the 4 f If mre e - s, then the dpant is a dnr P, As The etra e - is effectively released frm the bnded atms t jin a clud f free e - s, free t mve like e - s in a metal Etra free e - P Dpe P The larger the # f dnr atms, the larger the # f free e - s the higher the cnductivity EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 48 EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 49 Dping f Semicnductrs (cnt) Cnductivity Equatin cnductivity electrn mbility q n n q electrn density charge magnitude n an electrn If fewer e - s, then the dpant is an acceptr B B Dpe Lack f an e - = hle = h + When e - s mve int h + s, the h + s effectively mve in the ppsite directin a h + is a mbile (+) charge carrier EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 50 p p hle mbility hle density B hle Diffusin EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/
2 EE247B/ME218 Intrductin t MEMS Design Lecture 7m1 Lithgraphy, Etching, & Dping Diffusin in licn Mvement f dpants within the silicn at high temperatures Three mechanisms (in ) Diffusin in Plysilicn In plysilicn, still get diffusin int the crystals, but get mre and faster diffusin thrugh grain bundaries Result verall faster diffusin than in silicn Substitutinal Diffusin Interstitialcy Diffusin Impurity mves alng Impurity atm vacancies in the lattice replaces a atm in the lattice Substitutes fr a atm in the lattice atm displaced t an interstitial site Interstitial Diffusin Impurity atms jump frm ne interstitial site t anther Get rapid diffusin Hard t cntrl Impurity nt in lattice s nt electrically active EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 59 Fast diffusin thrugh grain bundaries Regular diffusin int crystals In effect, larger surface area allws much faster vlumetric diffusin EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 60 Basic Prcess fr Selective Dping 1 Intrduce dpants (intrduce a fied dse Q f dpants) (i) In implantatin (ii) Predepsitin 2 Drive in dpants t the desired depth High temperature > 900 C in N 2 r N 2 /O 2 Result dpants Predepsitin Furnace-tube system using slid, liquid, r gaseus dpant surces Used t intrduced a cntrlled amunt f dpants Unfrtunately, nt very well cntrlled Dse (Q) range ± 20% Fr ref w/ in implantatin ± 1% (larger range & mre accurate) Eample Brn predepsitin Furnace tube Drive-in EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 61 Gases O 2 + B 2 + carrier gas dibrane (Inert gas eg, N 2 r Ar) O 2, B 2 bat wafer Predepsitin Temp C EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/
3 EE247B/ME218 Intrductin t MEMS Design Lecture 7m1 Lithgraphy, Etching, & Dping Basic Prcedure E Brn Predepsitin O 2 O 2 B B B B B B 1 Depsit B 2 O 3 glass O 2 diffusin barrier (masks ut dpants) 2 B diffuses frm B 2 O 3 E Brn Predepsitin (cnt) Fr better unifrmity, use slid surce Furnace tube wafer Difficult t cntrl dse Q, because it s heavily dependent n partial pressure f B 2 gas flw this is difficult t cntrl itself get nly 10% unifrmity Furnace tube crss-sectin Less B cncentratin Brn/Nitride wafer 2% unifrmity Reactins B 2 + 3O 2 3H 2 O + B 2 O 3 + O 2 O 2 EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 63 EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 64 General Cmments n Predepsitin Diffusin Mdeling Higher dses nly Q = cm -2 (I/I is ) Dse nt well cntrlled ± 20% (I/I can get ± 1%) Unifrmity is nt gd ± 10% w/ gas surce ± 2% w/ slid surce Ma cnc pssible limited by slid slubility Limited t ~10 20 cm -3 N limit fr I/I yu frce it in here! Fr these reasns, I/I is usually the preferred methd fr intrductin f dpants in transistr devices But I/I is nt necessarily the best chice fr MEMS I/I cannt dpe the underside f a suspended beam I/I yields ne-sided dping intrduces unbalanced stress warping f structures I/I can d physical damage prblem if annealing is nt permitted Thus, predepsitin is ften preferred when dping MEMS EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 65 EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/
4 EE247B/ME218 Intrductin t MEMS Design Lecture 7m1 Lithgraphy, Etching, & Dping Diffusin Mdeling (cnt) Diffusin Mdeling (Predepsitin) EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 67 EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 68 Diffusin Mdeling (Limited Surce) Diffusin Mdeling (Limited Surce) EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 69 EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/
5 EE247B/ME218 Intrductin t MEMS Design Lecture 7m1 Lithgraphy, Etching, & Dping Tw-Step Diffusin Tw step diffusin prcedure Step 1 predepsitin (ie, cnstant surce diffusin) Step 2 drive-in diffusin (ie, limited surce diffusin) Fr prcesses where there is bth a predepsitin and a drive-in diffusin, the final prfile type (ie, cmplementary errr functin r Gaussian) is determined by which has the much greater Dt prduct (Dt) predep» (Dt) drive-in impurity prfile is cmplementary errr functin (Dt) drive-in» (Dt) predep impurity prfile is Gaussian (which is usually the case) EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 71 Successive Diffusins Fr actual prcesses, the junctin/diffusin frmatin is nly ne f many high temperature steps, each f which cntributes t the final junctin prfile Typical verall prcess 1 Selective dping Implant effective (Dt) 1 = (R p ) 2 /2 (Gaussian) Drive-in/activatin D 2 t 2 2 Other high temperature steps (eg, idatin, reflw, depsitin) D 3 t 3, D 4 t 4, Each has their wn Dt prduct 3 Then, t find the final prfile, use Dt Diti tt in the Gaussian distributin epressin EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 72 i The Diffusin Cefficient Diffusin Cefficient Graphs E A D D ep kt (as usual, an Arrhenius relatinship) Substitutinal & Interstitialcy Diffusers Interstitial Diffusers Nte the much higher diffusin ceffs than fr substitutinal EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 73 EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/
6 EE247B/ME218 Intrductin t MEMS Design Lecture 7m1 Lithgraphy, Etching, & Dping Metallurgical Junctin Depth, Epressins fr = pint at which diffused impurity prfile intersects the backgrund cncentratin, Lg[N()] N O eg, p-type Gaussian eg, n-type N O - Lg[N()- ] Net impurity cnc p-type regin Assuming a Gaussian dpant prfile (the mst cmmn case) N 2 Dt 2 j j, t N ep Fr a cmplementary errr functin prfile j 2 N Dt ln N B = distance f/ surface n-type regin = distance f/ surface N Dt 2 j j, t Nerfc j 2 Dterfc 1 N N B EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 75 EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 76 Sheet Resistance # Squares Frm Nn-Unifrm Traces Sheet resistance prvides a simple way t determine the resistance f a given cnductive trace by merely cunting the number f effective squares Definitin What if the trace is nn-unifrm? (eg, a crner, cntains a cntact, etc) EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 77 EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/
7 EE247B/ME218 Intrductin t MEMS Design Lecture 7m1 Lithgraphy, Etching, & Dping Sheet Resistance f a Diffused Junctin Irvin s Curves (fr n-type diffusin) Fr diffused layers Sheet resistance R s j Effective resistivity 1 1 j d Majrity carrier mbility d This epressin neglects depletin f carriers near the junctin, thus, this gives a slightly lwer value f resistance than actual Abve epressin was evaluated by Irvin and is pltted in Irvin s curves n net few slides Illuminates the dependence f R s n, N (the surface cncentratin), and (the substrate backgrund cnc) EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 79 qn [etrinsic material] Net impurity cncentratin Eample p-type Given = cm -3 N = cm -3 (n-type Gaussian) = 277 m Can determine these given knwn predep and drive cnditins Determine the R s EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/09 80 Irvin s Curves (fr p-type diffusin) Eample n-type Given = cm -3 N = cm -3 (p-type Gaussian) = 277 m Can determine these given knwn predep and drive cnditins Determine the R s EE C245 Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM 4 C Nguyen 8/20/
Lecture 02 CSE 40547/60547 Computing at the Nanoscale
PN Junctin Ntes: Lecture 02 CSE 40547/60547 Cmputing at the Nanscale Letʼs start with a (very) shrt review f semi-cnducting materials: - N-type material: Obtained by adding impurity with 5 valence elements
More informationChapter 5: Diffusion (2)
Chapter 5: Diffusin () ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Nn-steady state diffusin and Fick s nd Law Hw des diffusin depend n structure? Chapter 5-1 Class Eercise (1) Put a sugar cube inside a cup f pure water, rughly
More informationMaterials Engineering 272-C Fall 2001, Lecture 7 & 8 Fundamentals of Diffusion
Materials Engineering 272-C Fall 2001, Lecture 7 & 8 Fundamentals f Diffusin Diffusin: Transprt in a slid, liquid, r gas driven by a cncentratin gradient (r, in the case f mass transprt, a chemical ptential
More informationElectric Current and Resistance
Electric Current and Resistance Electric Current Electric current is the rate f flw f charge thrugh sme regin f space The SI unit f current is the ampere (A) 1 A = 1 C / s The symbl fr electric current
More informationA Few Basic Facts About Isothermal Mass Transfer in a Binary Mixture
Few asic Facts but Isthermal Mass Transfer in a inary Miture David Keffer Department f Chemical Engineering University f Tennessee first begun: pril 22, 2004 last updated: January 13, 2006 dkeffer@utk.edu
More informationLecture 12: Chemical reaction equilibria
3.012 Fundamentals f Materials Science Fall 2005 Lecture 12: 10.19.05 Chemical reactin equilibria Tday: LAST TIME...2 EQUATING CHEMICAL POTENTIALS DURING REACTIONS...3 The extent f reactin...3 The simplest
More informationEdexcel GCSE Physics
Edexcel GCSE Physics Tpic 10: Electricity and circuits Ntes (Cntent in bld is fr Higher Tier nly) www.pmt.educatin The Structure f the Atm Psitively charged nucleus surrunded by negatively charged electrns
More informationSession #22: Homework Solutions
Sessin #22: Hmewrk Slutins Prblem #1 (a) In the cntext f amrphus inrganic cmpunds, name tw netwrk frmers, tw netwrk mdifiers, and ne intermediate. (b) Sketch the variatin f mlar vlume with temperature
More informationLecture 13: Electrochemical Equilibria
3.012 Fundamentals f Materials Science Fall 2005 Lecture 13: 10.21.05 Electrchemical Equilibria Tday: LAST TIME...2 An example calculatin...3 THE ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL...4 Electrstatic energy cntributins
More informationELECTROSTATIC FIELDS IN MATERIAL MEDIA
MF LCTROSTATIC FILDS IN MATRIAL MDIA 3/4/07 LCTURS Materials media may be classified in terms f their cnductivity σ (S/m) as: Cnductrs The cnductivity usually depends n temperature and frequency A material
More informationThermodynamics Partial Outline of Topics
Thermdynamics Partial Outline f Tpics I. The secnd law f thermdynamics addresses the issue f spntaneity and invlves a functin called entrpy (S): If a prcess is spntaneus, then Suniverse > 0 (2 nd Law!)
More informationSurface and Contact Stress
Surface and Cntact Stress The cncept f the frce is fundamental t mechanics and many imprtant prblems can be cast in terms f frces nly, fr example the prblems cnsidered in Chapter. Hwever, mre sphisticated
More informationALE 21. Gibbs Free Energy. At what temperature does the spontaneity of a reaction change?
Name Chem 163 Sectin: Team Number: ALE 21. Gibbs Free Energy (Reference: 20.3 Silberberg 5 th editin) At what temperature des the spntaneity f a reactin change? The Mdel: The Definitin f Free Energy S
More informationPart One: Heat Changes and Thermochemistry. This aspect of Thermodynamics was dealt with in Chapter 6. (Review)
CHAPTER 18: THERMODYNAMICS AND EQUILIBRIUM Part One: Heat Changes and Thermchemistry This aspect f Thermdynamics was dealt with in Chapter 6. (Review) A. Statement f First Law. (Sectin 18.1) 1. U ttal
More informationFebruary 28, 2013 COMMENTS ON DIFFUSION, DIFFUSIVITY AND DERIVATION OF HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS DESCRIBING THE DIFFUSION PHENOMENA
February 28, 2013 COMMENTS ON DIFFUSION, DIFFUSIVITY AND DERIVATION OF HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS DESCRIBING THE DIFFUSION PHENOMENA Mental Experiment regarding 1D randm walk Cnsider a cntainer f gas in thermal
More informationChapters 29 and 35 Thermochemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics
Chapters 9 and 35 Thermchemistry and Chemical Thermdynamics 1 Cpyright (c) 011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved. Thermchemistry Thermchemistry is the study f the energy effects that accmpany
More informationFind this material useful? You can help our team to keep this site up and bring you even more content consider donating via the link on our site.
Find this material useful? Yu can help ur team t keep this site up and bring yu even mre cntent cnsider dnating via the link n ur site. Still having truble understanding the material? Check ut ur Tutring
More informationY.J. Cho **, Hazim Awbi** & Taghi Karimipanah* *) Fresh AB, SWEDEN **) University of Reading, UK
The Characteristics f Wall Cnfluent Jets fr Ventilated Enclsures 9 th Internatinal Cnference n Air Distributin in Rs niversity f Cibra PORTGAL Y.J. Ch **, Hazi Awbi** & Taghi Kariipanah* *) Fresh AB, SWEDEN
More informationSupporting information
Electrnic Supplementary Material (ESI) fr Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics This jurnal is The wner Scieties 01 ydrgen perxide electrchemistry n platinum: twards understanding the xygen reductin reactin
More informationThermodynamics and Equilibrium
Thermdynamics and Equilibrium Thermdynamics Thermdynamics is the study f the relatinship between heat and ther frms f energy in a chemical r physical prcess. We intrduced the thermdynamic prperty f enthalpy,
More information2004 AP CHEMISTRY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS
2004 AP CHEMISTRY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS 6. An electrchemical cell is cnstructed with an pen switch, as shwn in the diagram abve. A strip f Sn and a strip f an unknwn metal, X, are used as electrdes.
More informationPhysics 2B Chapter 23 Notes - Faraday s Law & Inductors Spring 2018
Michael Faraday lived in the Lndn area frm 1791 t 1867. He was 29 years ld when Hand Oersted, in 1820, accidentally discvered that electric current creates magnetic field. Thrugh empirical bservatin and
More informationNumerical Simulation of the Thermal Resposne Test Within the Comsol Multiphysics Environment
Presented at the COMSOL Cnference 2008 Hannver University f Parma Department f Industrial Engineering Numerical Simulatin f the Thermal Respsne Test Within the Cmsl Multiphysics Envirnment Authr : C. Crradi,
More informationCHAPTER 6 WORK AND ENERGY
CHAPTER 6 WORK AND ENERGY CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS 16. REASONING AND SOLUTION A trapeze artist, starting rm rest, swings dwnward n the bar, lets g at the bttm the swing, and alls reely t the net. An assistant,
More informationDifferentiation Applications 1: Related Rates
Differentiatin Applicatins 1: Related Rates 151 Differentiatin Applicatins 1: Related Rates Mdel 1: Sliding Ladder 10 ladder y 10 ladder 10 ladder A 10 ft ladder is leaning against a wall when the bttm
More informationMatter Content from State Frameworks and Other State Documents
Atms and Mlecules Mlecules are made f smaller entities (atms) which are bnded tgether. Therefre mlecules are divisible. Miscnceptin: Element and atm are synnyms. Prper cnceptin: Elements are atms with
More informationTOPPER SAMPLE PAPER 2 Class XII- Physics
TOPPER SAMPLE PAPER 2 Class XII- Physics Time: Three Hurs Maximum Marks: 70 General Instructins (a) All questins are cmpulsry. (b) There are 30 questins in ttal. Questins 1 t 8 carry ne mark each, questins
More informationChapter 4. Unsteady State Conduction
Chapter 4 Unsteady State Cnductin Chapter 5 Steady State Cnductin Chee 318 1 4-1 Intrductin ransient Cnductin Many heat transfer prblems are time dependent Changes in perating cnditins in a system cause
More informationCHAPTER 8b Static Equilibrium Units
CHAPTER 8b Static Equilibrium Units The Cnditins fr Equilibrium Slving Statics Prblems Stability and Balance Elasticity; Stress and Strain The Cnditins fr Equilibrium An bject with frces acting n it, but
More informationlecture 5: Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
lecture 5: Nuclephilic Substitutin Reactins Substitutin unimlecular (SN1): substitutin nuclephilic, unimlecular. It is first rder. The rate is dependent upn ne mlecule, that is the substrate, t frm the
More information( ) kt. Solution. From kinetic theory (visualized in Figure 1Q9-1), 1 2 rms = 2. = 1368 m/s
.9 Kinetic Mlecular Thery Calculate the effective (rms) speeds f the He and Ne atms in the He-Ne gas laser tube at rm temperature (300 K). Slutin T find the rt mean square velcity (v rms ) f He atms at
More informationName: Period: Date: ATOMIC STRUCTURE NOTES ADVANCED CHEMISTRY
Name: Perid: Date: ATOMIC STRUCTURE NOTES ADVANCED CHEMISTRY Directins: This packet will serve as yur ntes fr this chapter. Fllw alng with the PwerPint presentatin and fill in the missing infrmatin. Imprtant
More informationUnit 14 Thermochemistry Notes
Name KEY Perid CRHS Academic Chemistry Unit 14 Thermchemistry Ntes Quiz Date Exam Date Lab Dates Ntes, Hmewrk, Exam Reviews and Their KEYS lcated n CRHS Academic Chemistry Website: https://cincchem.pbwrks.cm
More informationAP CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 6 NOTES THERMOCHEMISTRY
AP CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 6 NOTES THERMOCHEMISTRY Energy- the capacity t d wrk r t prduce heat 1 st Law f Thermdynamics: Law f Cnservatin f Energy- energy can be cnverted frm ne frm t anther but it can be neither
More informationTHERMAL-VACUUM VERSUS THERMAL- ATMOSPHERIC TESTS OF ELECTRONIC ASSEMBLIES
PREFERRED RELIABILITY PAGE 1 OF 5 PRACTICES PRACTICE NO. PT-TE-1409 THERMAL-VACUUM VERSUS THERMAL- ATMOSPHERIC Practice: Perfrm all thermal envirnmental tests n electrnic spaceflight hardware in a flight-like
More informationWhen a substance heats up (absorbs heat) it is an endothermic reaction with a (+)q
Chemistry Ntes Lecture 15 [st] 3/6/09 IMPORTANT NOTES: -( We finished using the lecture slides frm lecture 14) -In class the challenge prblem was passed ut, it is due Tuesday at :00 P.M. SHARP, :01 is
More informationLecture 17: Free Energy of Multi-phase Solutions at Equilibrium
Lecture 17: 11.07.05 Free Energy f Multi-phase Slutins at Equilibrium Tday: LAST TIME...2 FREE ENERGY DIAGRAMS OF MULTI-PHASE SOLUTIONS 1...3 The cmmn tangent cnstructin and the lever rule...3 Practical
More information1 The limitations of Hartree Fock approximation
Chapter: Pst-Hartree Fck Methds - I The limitatins f Hartree Fck apprximatin The n electrn single determinant Hartree Fck wave functin is the variatinal best amng all pssible n electrn single determinants
More informationIB Sports, Exercise and Health Science Summer Assignment. Mrs. Christina Doyle Seneca Valley High School
IB Sprts, Exercise and Health Science Summer Assignment Mrs. Christina Dyle Seneca Valley High Schl Welcme t IB Sprts, Exercise and Health Science! This curse incrprates the traditinal disciplines f anatmy
More informationEE 245: Introduction to MEMS Lecture 23m1: Capacitive Transducers CTN 11/15/11. Copyright 2011 Regents of the University of California
EE 45: Intrductin t MEMS Lecture 3m: Capacitive Transducers Vltage-Cntrllable Center requency Micrresnatr Thermal Stability.7ppm/ C Gap Ply-Si μresnatr -7ppm/ C EE C45: Intrductin t MEMS Design LecM C.
More informationQ1. A string of length L is fixed at both ends. Which one of the following is NOT a possible wavelength for standing waves on this string?
Term: 111 Thursday, January 05, 2012 Page: 1 Q1. A string f length L is fixed at bth ends. Which ne f the fllwing is NOT a pssible wavelength fr standing waves n this string? Q2. λ n = 2L n = A) 4L B)
More informationChE 471: LECTURE 4 Fall 2003
ChE 47: LECTURE 4 Fall 003 IDEL RECTORS One f the key gals f chemical reactin engineering is t quantify the relatinship between prductin rate, reactr size, reactin kinetics and selected perating cnditins.
More informationES201 - Examination 2 Winter Adams and Richards NAME BOX NUMBER
ES201 - Examinatin 2 Winter 2003-2004 Adams and Richards NAME BOX NUMBER Please Circle One : Richards (Perid 4) ES201-01 Adams (Perid 4) ES201-02 Adams (Perid 6) ES201-03 Prblem 1 ( 12 ) Prblem 2 ( 24
More informationShort notes for Heat transfer
Furier s Law f Heat Cnductin Shrt ntes fr Heat transfer Q = Heat transfer in given directin. A = Crss-sectinal area perpendicular t heat flw directin. dt = Temperature difference between tw ends f a blck
More informationFigure 1a. A planar mechanism.
ME 5 - Machine Design I Fall Semester 0 Name f Student Lab Sectin Number EXAM. OPEN BOOK AND CLOSED NOTES. Mnday, September rd, 0 Write n ne side nly f the paper prvided fr yur slutins. Where necessary,
More informationChapter 16. Capacitance. Capacitance, cont. Parallel-Plate Capacitor, Example 1/20/2011. Electric Energy and Capacitance
summary C = ε A / d = πε L / ln( b / a ) ab C = 4πε 4πε a b a b >> a Chapter 16 Electric Energy and Capacitance Capacitance Q=CV Parallel plates, caxial cables, Earth Series and parallel 1 1 1 = + +..
More information4F-5 : Performance of an Ideal Gas Cycle 10 pts
4F-5 : Perfrmance f an Cycle 0 pts An ideal gas, initially at 0 C and 00 kpa, underges an internally reversible, cyclic prcess in a clsed system. The gas is first cmpressed adiabatically t 500 kpa, then
More informationFind this material useful? You can help our team to keep this site up and bring you even more content consider donating via the link on our site.
Find this material useful? Yu can help ur team t keep this site up and bring yu even mre cntent cnsider dnating via the link n ur site. Still having truble understanding the material? Check ut ur Tutring
More informationGeneral Chemistry II, Unit II: Study Guide (part 1)
General Chemistry II, Unit II: Study Guide (part 1) CDS Chapter 21: Reactin Equilibrium in the Gas Phase General Chemistry II Unit II Part 1 1 Intrductin Sme chemical reactins have a significant amunt
More informationPhysics 212. Lecture 12. Today's Concept: Magnetic Force on moving charges. Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 1
Physics 1 Lecture 1 Tday's Cncept: Magnetic Frce n mving charges F qv Physics 1 Lecture 1, Slide 1 Music Wh is the Artist? A) The Meters ) The Neville rthers C) Trmbne Shrty D) Michael Franti E) Radiatrs
More informationPart 3 Introduction to statistical classification techniques
Part 3 Intrductin t statistical classificatin techniques Machine Learning, Part 3, March 07 Fabi Rli Preamble ØIn Part we have seen that if we knw: Psterir prbabilities P(ω i / ) Or the equivalent terms
More informationKinetic Model Completeness
5.68J/10.652J Spring 2003 Lecture Ntes Tuesday April 15, 2003 Kinetic Mdel Cmpleteness We say a chemical kinetic mdel is cmplete fr a particular reactin cnditin when it cntains all the species and reactins
More informationSupport-Vector Machines
Supprt-Vectr Machines Intrductin Supprt vectr machine is a linear machine with sme very nice prperties. Haykin chapter 6. See Alpaydin chapter 13 fr similar cntent. Nte: Part f this lecture drew material
More information7.0 Heat Transfer in an External Laminar Boundary Layer
7.0 Heat ransfer in an Eternal Laminar Bundary Layer 7. Intrductin In this chapter, we will assume: ) hat the fluid prperties are cnstant and unaffected by temperature variatins. ) he thermal & mmentum
More informationEdexcel IGCSE Chemistry. Topic 1: Principles of chemistry. Chemical formulae, equations and calculations. Notes.
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Tpic 1: Principles f chemistry Chemical frmulae, equatins and calculatins Ntes 1.25 write wrd equatins and balanced chemical equatins (including state symbls): fr reactins studied
More informationQ1. In figure 1, Q = 60 µc, q = 20 µc, a = 3.0 m, and b = 4.0 m. Calculate the total electric force on q due to the other 2 charges.
Phys10 Secnd Majr-08 Zer Versin Crdinatr: Dr. I. M. Nasser Saturday, May 3, 009 Page: 1 Q1. In figure 1, Q = 60 µc, q = 0 µc, a = 3.0 m, and b = 4.0 m. Calculate the ttal electric frce n q due t the ther
More informationProcess Engineering Thermodynamics E (4 sp) Exam
Prcess Engineering Thermdynamics 42434 E (4 sp) Exam 9-3-29 ll supprt material is allwed except fr telecmmunicatin devices. 4 questins give max. 3 pints = 7½ + 7½ + 7½ + 7½ pints Belw 6 questins are given,
More informationChapter 17 Free Energy and Thermodynamics
Chemistry: A Mlecular Apprach, 1 st Ed. Nivald Tr Chapter 17 Free Energy and Thermdynamics Ry Kennedy Massachusetts Bay Cmmunity Cllege Wellesley Hills, MA 2008, Prentice Hall First Law f Thermdynamics
More informationI. Analytical Potential and Field of a Uniform Rod. V E d. The definition of electric potential difference is
Length L>>a,b,c Phys 232 Lab 4 Ch 17 Electric Ptential Difference Materials: whitebards & pens, cmputers with VPythn, pwer supply & cables, multimeter, crkbard, thumbtacks, individual prbes and jined prbes,
More informationChemistry 20 Lesson 11 Electronegativity, Polarity and Shapes
Chemistry 20 Lessn 11 Electrnegativity, Plarity and Shapes In ur previus wrk we learned why atms frm cvalent bnds and hw t draw the resulting rganizatin f atms. In this lessn we will learn (a) hw the cmbinatin
More informationStudy Guide Physics Pre-Comp 2013
I. Scientific Measurement Metric Units S.I. English Length Meter (m) Feet (ft.) Mass Kilgram (kg) Pund (lb.) Weight Newtn (N) Ounce (z.) r pund (lb.) Time Secnds (s) Secnds (s) Vlume Liter (L) Galln (gal)
More informationChapter 17: Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes
Chapter 17: hermdynamics: Spntaneus and Nnspntaneus Reactins and Prcesses Learning Objectives 17.1: Spntaneus Prcesses Cmparing and Cntrasting the hree Laws f hermdynamics (1 st Law: Chap. 5; 2 nd & 3
More informationmaking triangle (ie same reference angle) ). This is a standard form that will allow us all to have the X= y=
Intrductin t Vectrs I 21 Intrductin t Vectrs I 22 I. Determine the hrizntal and vertical cmpnents f the resultant vectr by cunting n the grid. X= y= J. Draw a mangle with hrizntal and vertical cmpnents
More informationGAUSS' LAW E. A. surface
Prf. Dr. I. M. A. Nasser GAUSS' LAW 08.11.017 GAUSS' LAW Intrductin: The electric field f a given charge distributin can in principle be calculated using Culmb's law. The examples discussed in electric
More informationCHAPTER Read Chapter 17, sections 1,2,3. End of Chapter problems: 25
CHAPTER 17 1. Read Chapter 17, sectins 1,2,3. End f Chapter prblems: 25 2. Suppse yu are playing a game that uses tw dice. If yu cunt the dts n the dice, yu culd have anywhere frm 2 t 12. The ways f prducing
More informationChapter 8 Reduction and oxidation
Chapter 8 Reductin and xidatin Redx reactins and xidatin states Reductin ptentials and Gibbs energy Nernst equatin Disprprtinatin Ptential diagrams Frst-Ebswrth diagrams Ellingham diagrams Oxidatin refers
More information[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ J] dt x x hard to solve in general solve it numerically. If there is no convection. is in the absence of reaction n
.3 The material balance equatin Net change f [J] due t diffusin, cnvectin, and reactin [ ] [ ] [ ] d J J J n = D v k [ J ] fr n - th reactin dt x x hard t slve in general slve it numerically If there is
More informationSpontaneous Processes, Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Chemical Thermdynamics Spntaneus Prcesses, Entrpy and the Secnd Law f Thermdynamics Review Reactin Rates, Energies, and Equilibrium Althugh a reactin may be energetically favrable (i.e. prducts have lwer
More informationElectrochemistry. Reduction: the gaining of electrons. Reducing agent (reductant): species that donates electrons to reduce another reagent.
Electrchemistry Review: Reductin: the gaining f electrns Oxidatin: the lss f electrns Reducing agent (reductant): species that dnates electrns t reduce anther reagent. Oxidizing agent (xidant): species
More informationUncooled Detection. Chapter Thermal Detection
Chapter 6 Uncled Detectin The ultimate IRFPA will perate at rm temperature and exhibit backgrund limited perfrmance (BLIP), regardless f the perating cutff wavelength. Currently the primary vehicle fr
More informationLecture 19: Electronic Contributions to OCV in Batteries and Solar Cells. Notes by MIT Student (and MZB) March 18, 2009
Lecture 19: lectrnic Cntributins t OCV in Batteries and Slar Cells Ntes by MIT Student (and MZB) March 18, 2009 -In many situatins the µ e cnstant fr metal electrdes, this due t the abundance and freedm
More information3. Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction
8 3. Mass Transfer with Chemical Reactin 3. Mass Transfer with Chemical Reactin In the fllwing, the fundamentals f desrptin with chemical reactin, which are applied t the prblem f CO 2 desrptin in ME distillers,
More informationPhysics 2010 Motion with Constant Acceleration Experiment 1
. Physics 00 Mtin with Cnstant Acceleratin Experiment In this lab, we will study the mtin f a glider as it accelerates dwnhill n a tilted air track. The glider is supprted ver the air track by a cushin
More informationBootstrap Method > # Purpose: understand how bootstrap method works > obs=c(11.96, 5.03, 67.40, 16.07, 31.50, 7.73, 11.10, 22.38) > n=length(obs) >
Btstrap Methd > # Purpse: understand hw btstrap methd wrks > bs=c(11.96, 5.03, 67.40, 16.07, 31.50, 7.73, 11.10, 22.38) > n=length(bs) > mean(bs) [1] 21.64625 > # estimate f lambda > lambda = 1/mean(bs);
More informationAQA GCSE Physics. Topic 4: Atomic Structure. Notes. (Content in bold is for Higher Tier only)
AQA GCSE Physics Tpic 4: Atmic Structure Ntes (Cntent in bld is fr Higher Tier nly) Atmic Structure Psitively charged nucleus (which cntains neutrns and prtns) surrunded by negatively charged electrns.
More informationKinematic transformation of mechanical behavior Neville Hogan
inematic transfrmatin f mechanical behavir Neville Hgan Generalized crdinates are fundamental If we assume that a linkage may accurately be described as a cllectin f linked rigid bdies, their generalized
More informationLecture 16 Thermodynamics II
Lecture 16 Thermdynamics II Calrimetry Hess s Law Enthalpy r Frmatin Cpyright 2013, 2011, 2009, 2008 AP Chem Slutins. All rights reserved. Fur Methds fr Finding H 1) Calculate it using average bnd enthalpies
More informationQCE Chemistry. Year 2015 Mark 0.00 Pages 20 Published Jan 31, Chemistry: Revision Notes. By Sophie (1 ATAR)
QCE Chemistry Year 2015 Mark 0.00 Pages 20 Published Jan 31, 2017 11 Chemistry: Revisin Ntes By Sphie (1 ATAR) Pwered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.rg) Yur ntes authr, Sphie. Sphie achieved an ATAR f 1 in 2016 while
More informationCANKAYA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ME 313 HEAT TRANSFER
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY FACUTY OF ENGINEERING MECHANICA ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ME 313 HEAT TRANSFER CHAPTER-3 EXAMPES 1) Cnsider a slab f thicness as illustrated in figure belw. A fluid at temperature T 1 with
More informationHeat Effects of Chemical Reactions
eat Effects f hemical Reactins Enthalpy change fr reactins invlving cmpunds Enthalpy f frmatin f a cmpund at standard cnditins is btained frm the literature as standard enthalpy f frmatin Δ (O (g = -9690
More informationChapter 6. Dielectrics and Capacitance
Chapter 6. Dielectrics and Capacitance Hayt; //009; 6- Dielectrics are insulating materials with n free charges. All charges are bund at mlecules by Culmb frce. An applied electric field displaces charges
More informationSynchronous Motor V-Curves
Synchrnus Mtr V-Curves 1 Synchrnus Mtr V-Curves Intrductin Synchrnus mtrs are used in applicatins such as textile mills where cnstant speed peratin is critical. Mst small synchrnus mtrs cntain squirrel
More informationCHEM 2400/2480. Lecture 19
Lecture 19 Metal In Indicatr - a cmpund whse clur changes when it binds t a metal in - t be useful, it must bind the metal less strngly than EDTA e.g. titratin f Mg 2+ with EDTA using erichrme black T
More informationModule 4: General Formulation of Electric Circuit Theory
Mdule 4: General Frmulatin f Electric Circuit Thery 4. General Frmulatin f Electric Circuit Thery All electrmagnetic phenmena are described at a fundamental level by Maxwell's equatins and the assciated
More informationChapter 9 Chemical Reactions NOTES
Chapter 9 Chemical Reactins NOTES Chemical Reactins Chemical reactin: Chemical change 4 Indicatrs f Chemical Change: (1) (2) (3) (4) Cnsist f reactants (starting materials) and prducts (substances frmed)
More informationPhysical Nature of the Covalent Bond Appendix H + H > H 2 ( ) ( )
Physical Nature f the Cvalent Bn Appeni his stuy f the nature f the H cvalent bn frms a mlecular rbital as a linear cmbinatin f scale hyrgenic rbitals, LCAO-MO. he quantum mechanical integrals necessary
More informationState of matter characteristics solid Retains shape and volume
**See attachment fr graphs States f matter The fundamental difference between states f matter is the distance between particles Gas Ttal disrder Much empty space Particles have cmpletely freedm f mtin
More informationTo get you thinking...
T get yu thinking... 1.) What is an element? Give at least 4 examples f elements. 2.) What is the atmic number f hydrgen? What des a neutral hydrgen atm cnsist f? Describe its "mtin". 3.) Hw des an atm
More information3. Design of Channels General Definition of some terms CHAPTER THREE
CHAPTER THREE. Design f Channels.. General The success f the irrigatin system depends n the design f the netwrk f canals. The canals may be excavated thrugh the difference types f sils such as alluvial
More informationUniversity Chemistry Quiz /04/21 1. (10%) Consider the oxidation of ammonia:
University Chemistry Quiz 3 2015/04/21 1. (10%) Cnsider the xidatin f ammnia: 4NH 3 (g) + 3O 2 (g) 2N 2 (g) + 6H 2 O(l) (a) Calculate the ΔG fr the reactin. (b) If this reactin were used in a fuel cell,
More information37 Maxwell s Equations
37 Maxwell s quatins In this chapter, the plan is t summarize much f what we knw abut electricity and magnetism in a manner similar t the way in which James Clerk Maxwell summarized what was knwn abut
More informationLecture 24: Flory-Huggins Theory
Lecture 24: 12.07.05 Flry-Huggins Thery Tday: LAST TIME...2 Lattice Mdels f Slutins...2 ENTROPY OF MIXING IN THE FLORY-HUGGINS MODEL...3 CONFIGURATIONS OF A SINGLE CHAIN...3 COUNTING CONFIGURATIONS FOR
More informationProblem 1 Known: Dimensions and materials of the composition wall, 10 studs each with 2.5m high
Prblem Knwn: Dimensins and materials f the cmpsitin wall, 0 studs each with.5m high Unknwn:. Thermal resistance assciate with wall when surfaces nrmal t the directin f heat flw are isthermal. Thermal resistance
More informationYeu-Sheng Paul Shiue, Ph.D 薛宇盛 Professor and Chair Mechanical Engineering Department Christian Brothers University 650 East Parkway South Memphis, TN
Yeu-Sheng Paul Shiue, Ph.D 薛宇盛 Prfessr and Chair Mechanical Engineering Department Christian Brthers University 650 East Parkway Suth Memphis, TN 38104 Office: (901) 321-3424 Rm: N-110 Fax : (901) 321-3402
More informationSections 15.1 to 15.12, 16.1 and 16.2 of the textbook (Robbins-Miller) cover the materials required for this topic.
Tpic : AC Fundamentals, Sinusidal Wavefrm, and Phasrs Sectins 5. t 5., 6. and 6. f the textbk (Rbbins-Miller) cver the materials required fr this tpic.. Wavefrms in electrical systems are current r vltage
More informationChapter 11: Atmosphere
Chapter 11: Atmsphere Sectin 1: Atmspheric Basics Objectives 1. Describe the cmpsitin f the atmsphere. 2. Cmpare and cntrast the varius layers f the atmsphere. 3. Identify three methds f transferring energy
More informationAccelerated Chemistry POGIL: Half-life
Name: Date: Perid: Accelerated Chemistry POGIL: Half-life Why? Every radiistpe has a characteristic rate f decay measured by its half-life. Half-lives can be as shrt as a fractin f a secnd r as lng as
More informationPre-Calculus Individual Test 2017 February Regional
The abbreviatin NOTA means Nne f the Abve answers and shuld be chsen if chices A, B, C and D are nt crrect. N calculatr is allwed n this test. Arcfunctins (such as y = Arcsin( ) ) have traditinal restricted
More informationx 1 Outline IAML: Logistic Regression Decision Boundaries Example Data
Outline IAML: Lgistic Regressin Charles Suttn and Victr Lavrenk Schl f Infrmatics Semester Lgistic functin Lgistic regressin Learning lgistic regressin Optimizatin The pwer f nn-linear basis functins Least-squares
More information800 Adenine Guanine. Gate Voltage (V)
I. SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES Surce-Drain Current (µa) 14 Thymine cverage (M.L.) 135 13 125 12 6 5 4 3.26.48.71.85 2.8-4 -2 2 4 7 Cytsine cverage (M.L.).6.2.5 1.1 3 6 8 Adenine cverage (M.L.).4.8 6 4 2 55 Guanine
More information