THE FLUXOID QUANTUM AND ELECTROGRAVITATIONAL DYNAMICS. Chapter 8. This work extends chapter 6 titled, "Field Mass Generation and Control", while

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1 133 THE FLUXOID QUANTUM AND ELECTROGRAVITATIONAL DYNAMICS Chapter 8 This wrk extends chapter 6 titled, "Field Mass Generatin and Cntrl", while als develping a new cnceptual apprach t mass-field vehicle cntrl utilizing the invariance f the electric and magnetic frms f the Fluxid Quantum in the Lrentz transfrms which are an intregal part f Einstein's Special Thery f Relativity. This is a direct applicatin f the principle that if a prcess may be made reversible then the cause may be invked by reversing the effect. In therwrds, a velcity increase may be made t ccur by invking a relativistic time increase by linking that actin thrugh a mechanism invlving (in this case) the invariant quantum fluxid cnstant in its electrical frm and an increase in time f that electrical parameter thrugh a lwering (in step fashin) f its interactin frequency. First let the fllwing pertinent parameters be intrduced fr the purpse f running the active Mathcad frms f this bk. q cul Electrn charge. ε farad m 1 Electric permittivity f free space. µ henry m 1 Magnetic permeability f free space. V... n m sec 1 Bhr n1 rbital velcity f Hydrgen. m.. e kg Electrn rest mass. r.. n m Bhr radius f n1 rbital. l q m Classic electrn radius.

2 134 r.. LM m Quantum Electrgravitatinal radius. t.. n sec Bhr n1 rbital time. v... LM m sec 1 Quantum electrgravitatinal velcity. i.. LM amp Quantum electrgravitatinal current. R.. Q hm Quantum Hall hm. c m. sec 1 Velcity f light in free space. Φ weber Fluxid Quantum. f.. LM Hz Quantum electrgravitatinal frequency. t LM f LM 1 h jule. sec Planks cnstant. Quantum electrgravitatinal time. The electric ptential at the Bhr (n1) radius is given by; q ọ (241) E n1 ε r n1 r, E n1 = And let; vlt t (242) Φ. n1 E E n1 2 r, Φ E = weber Als the same quantum magnetic flux is arrived at by (244) belw: Let θ π 2 (243) Φ = B(tesla) x Area and, (244) Φ M µ. q. v.... LM sin( θ) 4 π l q r n1. r. LM r n1 r, Φ M = weber where the rati Φ E = Φ M (Then the electric fluxid thrugh time and the magnetic fluxid thrugh time are cnnected t each ther by the Fluxid Quantum cnstant and ne must necessarily generate the ther.)

3 135 There is a cnstant radius related t the least quantum vlt as derived frm the Quantum Fluxid as; (245) E. LM i LM R Q r, E LM = vlt then; q ọ (246) r qlm r, r qlm = m ε E LM This radius can be equated t a wavelength by: (247) λ.. qlm 2 π r qlm r, λ qlm = m which f curse will have an assciated frequency f; c (248) f qlm r, f qlm = Hz λ qlm This frequency may well be the whistler frequency assciated with the lw frequency waves attributed t lightening strms which culd act as an amplifying stimulus. Als, there are in existence phtgraphs f sme inized curved semicircles at the Earth's ples that were taken sme time back. These may serve als t illustrate the lng electrgravitatinal wavelength assciated with equatin (247) abve. This is repr- duced frm memry belw in figure #8. Fig. #8

4 136 Again, Figure #8 n page 135 previus is an apprximate drawing f the phtgraphed standing waves that have been bserved ver the Nrth Ple at varius times. It is this authrs pstulate that they are evidence f the electrgravitatinal lng-wave f equatin (247) abve alng with the well knwn whistlers that are assciated with high energy lightening stimulus. Since there exist magnetic dmains it is nt unreasnable t prpse the existence f electrgravitatinal dmains as well. The size f these dmains wuld depend n the lcal transfer impedance f the surrunding medium. A gd example wuld be the plasma at the phtsphere f ur Sun which is cmpsed f a layer f granules and supergranules abut 60 miles thick where als a granule is larger than the size f Texas and the underlying supergranule is twice Earth's diameter. If we let the quantum resistance prtin f equatin (245) n the previus page be lwered, then the result wuld be an increase in the wavelength f equatin (247) thus enlarging the dmain. This is nt unreasnable since the resistance t current flw shuld decrease as the number f charge carriers increases per unit vlume. It is then als pssible t prpse that different pressures in the plasma culd cause chas and thus slar flares whse dmain (r lp size) wuld depend n the temperature and pressure in the lcal plasma. Even the strm cells n Earth culd be attributed t the electrgravitatinal dmain principle. The electric and magnetic fluxid cnstants being equal t the Fluxid Quantum will allw fr sme interesting field cnsequences which will be shwn by the fllwing frmulas n the next page. First we will slve fr r d with the expressin emplying the Fluxid Quantum in equatin (249) next.;

5 137 q (249) r d r, r ε... d = m 2 Φ f LM which is the same lng-wave radius as btained in equatin (246). If we allw fr f LM t becme a variable then r d will change inversely as the frequency changes. This change f frequency will necessitate the changing f L Q and C Q at the interface s that the interactin angles φ' and φ'' may be held cnstant. (See the previus chapter 7, page 123.) The hlding f the quantum electric fluxid as a cnstant is illustrated belw Assume that r d is increasing then; let t d t LM vlts(dwn) x time(up) (250) Φ. E q ε. r d t d 2 r, Φ = weber Thus the quantum electric fluxid abve and the quantum magnetic fluxid in equatin (244) are cnstants as is the standard Fluxid Quantum belw; Φ = weber The quantum magnetic fluxid may be further develped by simplifying equatin (244) s that; µ. q. v. l. LM sin( θ ) q r n1. r. LM r n1 simplifies t 1 q.. µ... 4 v l LM sin( θ) r LM q where nw;

6 138 (251) Φ 1 q..... M µ 4 v LM sin( θ ) r l LM q r; Φ M = weber Nte that the expressin fr the the quantum magnetic fluxid abve in equatin (251) is btained frm cnstants nly. N variables are invlved. (This hlds the parameters v LM and r LM cnstant at the pint f interactin.) It is f interest that the Fluxid Quantum is much like the Plank cnstant (h) wherein Heisenbergs tw mst famus expressins invlve the uncertainty principle such that the uncertainty in particle mmentum times the uncertainty in its psitin will be equal t Planks cnstant h and als the uncertainty f the energy f a particle times the uncertainty in the time f that particle als is equal t Planks cnstant. The Fluxid Quantum (and thus the quantum electric and magnetic fluxid develped in this paper abve) have a similar frm wherein the variable vlts times the variable time equals the quantum electric fluxid and the variable flux density (B Q ) times the variable area equals the quantum magnetic fluxid and bth f these are equal t the standard Fluxid Quantum. It is f further interest that the Fluxid Quantum may be derived directly in terms f Planks cnstant and the basic electrn charge as in equatin (252) belw. h (252) Φ' ( 2). r; Φ' = q weber and then the rati is; = Φ' Φ

7 139 Nte that the equatin in (252) previus requires that tw basic electrn charges must be used which implies that electrns naturally exist in pairs when the Fluxid Quantum is invlved and this may be applied directly t all f the electrgravitatinal equatins as well as the case fr the mechanism f supercnductivity. This may als state the case fr the natural generatin f electrn pairs by a free field as well. The quantum electric fluxid being held cnstant allws fr a variable distance frm the interface t a target mass t be achieved by causing an increase in t d thrugh a relativistic effect. The charging sequence f dts n the surface f the electrgravitatinal interface can be charged at a surface velcity appraching the velcity f light. The time displacement can be likened t a methd f prducing time dilatin as in the relativistic time dilatin in Einstein's special thery f relativity and the distance prjectin wuld ccur as fr the case f the mu-mesn that is traveling at near light speeds wherein the decay time is lengthened relativistically which causes the mu-mesn t travel much farther thrugh the atmsphere than wuld therwise be the case befre it decays. (This gives the appearance that the mu-mesn is traveling faster than the velcity f light if the relativistic time dilatin is nt taken int accunt.) This is demnstrated by equatin (250) where by frcing the vlts dwn will require r d t increase and thereby als require t d t increase. This relativistic type f effect can therefre be mimicked by the sudden change f t d t a larger t' d value. This is then simply a change in the frequency f the interactin field f the electrgravitatinal cntrl surface frm a higher t a lwer value. Then the Lrentz transfrm invlving the relativistic increase f time t' d wuld invke the relatinship f d'' = c x t' d. This wuld frce r d t increase in prprtin t the frequency decrease

8 140 alng the vectred phase angle. (See equatin (250) f this paper.) This is predicated upn the quantum fluxids F, F E, and F M all being cnstants even in the relativistic case. There als exists the pssibility f the virtual relativistic actin being frced int imaginary space where if the linear velcity f the dt charging sequence be allwed t exceed the velcity f light then the craft behind that interface wuld n lnger be in ur nrmal space but wuld be utside the wrld-line light cne in a regin defined as present but elsewhere, a regin that may be cnnected t all pints in ur space at nce. The entire craft wuld then becme invisible t ur space. Related t this chapter and included with this bk is a stand alne executable file named SPIRALLY.EXE that dynamically illustrates the dt charging sequence actin that is the same as described in the previus chapter 7 titled "Electrgravitatinal Craft Prpulsin and Cntrl". The sequence f spiraling dts made by electrns striking the phsphr surface f a CRT cntain the basic frequency independent interactin angles φ' and φ'' which are develped n page (123) f that paper. A suitable detectr munted in frnt f that CRT may be able t pick ut the frequencies cnnected with that electrgravitatinal actin spiral. This file may be run frm the DOS prmpt r frm the file manager in windws. It shuld again be nted that a vide screen is much like the dt charging surface described in the previus text and thus under the right circumstances culd simulate that surface quite clsely which makes experimentatin easily available t all cncerned. The prgram may be slw n sme lder machines but the prgram culd be vastly speeded up by writing the prgram in machine language. The prgram as it is was written under Micrsft Basic's PD7 develpment system and

9 141 then was cmpiled int an EXE self executable file by this authr. When the electrgravitatinal interface frequency is changed t effect a change in r' d there exists the requirement f hlding either ne r bth f the interactin phase angles φ' and φ'' cnstant r cntrllable t a required phase fr the prper cntrl f the spacecraft. Therefre the inductance L Q and the capacitance C Q shuld be variable and cntrllable. Or, cnstant X... LQ 2 π f Q L Q and, 1 cnstant X CQ 2. f. Q C Q The abve equatins can be expressed as numerical values by setting Df Q t be equal t f LM, DL Q equal t L Q, and DC Q equal t C Q. Als the net impedance cnstant may be slved fr as fllws: let; L.. Q henry and C.. Q farad then; (253) X... LQ 2 π f LM L Q r, X LQ = hm cnstant 1 (254) X CQ r, X 2. f. CQ = hm LM C Q cnstant (255) Z ttal R Q 2 X LQ X CQ 2 r; Z ttal = hm cnstant Thus while the frequency is being changed t affect a change in the spacecraft's

10 142 crdinates, the inductance and capacitance must change t keep cntrl ver the interface impedance and thus the interactin phase angle at the spacecraft's electrgravitatinal interface. The quantum inductance L Q may be derived directly frm the relatinship that states that a change in field flux divided by a change in initiating current defines the related inductance. This is shwn belw fr the quantum electrgravitatinal parameters as previusly derived. (256) L QE Again, t d = t LM and i LM = q / t 2. q LM. ọ t. d ε r 2 d r, L = i QE henry LM If we nw let the least quantum electrgravitatinal distance r LM be substituted fr r d and then slve fr t d, the result is interesting when cmpared t the related frequencies f M1rn1 and f Crn1 in the previus chapter titled "Electrgravitatinal Dynamics", n pages 67 and 68. r, t. d t LM (257) L QE r, L ε. QE = henry r d which is the electrgravitatinal quantum inductance as previusly derived in previus papers by this authr. Then slving fr t d as t new when r d = r LM in equatin (257) previus; L.... QE 4 π ε r LM (258) t new r, t new = sec t LM 1 and f new r, f new = Hz t new

11 143 This frequency is extremely clse t the frequencies f M1rn1 and f Crn1 mentined abve, where als; f.. M1rn Hz f.. C1rn Hz r, f new f M1rn1 = Hz and, f C1rn1 f new = Hz The frequency (f new ) is likely t be a universal quantum frequency that is t be assciated with the electrgravitatinal field actin in general. It therefre may be expected t be cnnected with all manner f energy quanta and detectable by varius experimental methds. Assciated with this frequency shuld be the quantum electrgravitatin frequency f LM as perhaps a sideband mix cnnected t f new. Fr example, an experiment utilizing a phase-lck lp centered n randm energy-related frequencies may detect ne r the ther r bth at the same time.