Contents Classical and Quantum Interference and Coherence Quantum Interference in Atomic Systems: Mathematical Formalism

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1 1 Classical and Quantum Interference and Coherence ClassicalInterferenceandOpticalInterferometers Young sdoubleslitinterferometer First-OrderCoherence WelcherWegProblem ExperimentalTestsoftheWelcherWegProblem Second-OrderCoherence Hanbury-BrownandTwissInterferometer Mach Zehnder Interferometer PrinciplesofQuantumInterference Two-Photon Nonclassical Interference The Hong Ou MandelInterferometer QuantumErasure QuantumNonlocality InterferometricInteraction-FreeMeasurements Negative-Result Measurements SchemesofInteraction-FreeMeasurements QuantumInterferometricLithography Three-Photon Interference Three-Photon Classical Interference Three-Photon Nonclassical Interference Quantum Interference in Atomic Systems: Mathematical Formalism MasterEquationofaMulti-DipoleSystem MasterEquationofaSingleMulti-LevelAtom MasterEquationofaMulti-AtomSystem Correlation Functions of Atomic Operators CorrelationFunctionsforaMulti-LevelAtom CorrelationFunctionsforaMulti-AtomSystem Spectral Expressions... 82

2 XII Contents 3 Superposition States and Modification of Spontaneous Emission Rates Superposition States in a Multi-Level System SuperpositionsInducedbySpontaneousEmission Multi-Atom Superposition (Entangled) States Entanglement TwoInteractingAtoms Entangled States of Two Identical Atoms Entangled States of Two Nonidentical Atoms Experimental Evidence of the Collective Damping and FrequencyShift GeneralCriteriaforInterferenceinTwo-AtomSystems Interference Pattern with Two Atoms Experimental Observation of the Interference Pattern inatwo-atomsystem QuantumBeats TheoryofQuantumBeatsinMulti-LevelSystems Quantum Beats in the Radiation Intensity from a Multi-LevelAtom Quantum Beats in the Radiation Intensity from Two NonidenticalAtoms Experimental Observation of Quantum Beats in a TypeISystem Quantum Beats in the Intensity Intensity Correlations Interference Pattern with a Dark Center Quantum Interference as a Control of Decoherence ModifiedSpontaneousEmission EffectofEnvironmentonSpontaneousEmission Modification by a Moderate Q Cavity Modification by Photonic Crystals QuantumInterferenceinVeeSystems Population Trapping and Dark States ProbingQuantumInterferenceinaVeeSystem SpectralControlofSpontaneousEmission ExperimentalEvidenceofQuantumInterference EnergyLevelsoftheMolecularSystem MasterEquationoftheSystem Two-Photon Excitation One- and Two-Photon Excitations Decoherence Free Subspaces A Simple Example of a Decoherence Free Subspace Experimental Verification of Decoherence Free Subspaces

3 XIII Tests on the Master Equation for a Decoherence Free Subspace Coherence Effects in Multi-Level Systems Three-LevelSystems The Basic Equations for Coherent Population Trapping The Solutions Under Two-Photon Resonance The General Equations of Motion for the Density Matrix Steady-State Solutions ObservationofCoherentPopulationTrapping Velocity-SelectiveCoherentPopulationTrapping Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in the Lambda System RealizationofEIT LasingWithoutInversion AModelforLWI ObservationofLWI Spatial Propagation of EM Fields in Optical Media Absorptive and Dispersive Properties of Optically Dense Media Absorptive and Dispersive Properties of Two-Level Atoms Dressed-Atom Model of a Driven Two-Level Atom Absorption and Dispersion with Multichromatic Driving Fields Collisional Dephasing and Coherent Population Oscillations ApplicationsofEITinNonlinearOptics Enhancement of Nonlinear Susceptibilities Observation of Enhancement of Nonlinear Susceptibilities Enhancement of Refractive Index Field Induced Quantum Interference Resonance Fluorescence in Driven Vee Systems PhaseControlofQuantumInterference PhaseControlofPopulationDistribution Phase Control of the Fluorescence Spectrum Experimental Evidence of Phase Control of Quantum Interference Superbunching Distinguishable Photons Indistinguishable Photons

4 XIV Contents Physical Interpretation Implementation of Quantum Interference External Field Mixing Two-LevelAtominaPolychromaticField dcfieldsimulationofquantuminterference Pre-selectedCavityPolarizationMethod AnisotropicVacuumApproach FanoProfiles Laser-InducedContinuumStructure Weak-FieldTreatment ObservationofLaser-InducedStructures Nonperturbative Treatment of Laser-Induced Continuum Structure Quantum Interference in Photonic Bandgap Structures TheTwo-LevelAtom TheThree-LevelAtom Slow and Fast Light and Storage of Photons RefractiveIndexandGroupVelocity LightGuidingLight Group Velocity Reduction in a Driven Lambda-Type Atom Group Velocity Reduction in a System with Decay-InducedCoherences PhaseControlofGroupVelocity Experimental Observations of Slow Propagation of Light Experimental Observation of Negative Group Velocities Bright- and Dark-State Polaritons Collective Atomic Trapping States Experimental Realization of Light Storage in Atomic Media Quantum Interference in Phase Space PhaseSpaceinClassicalandQuantumMechanics The Quasi-probability Distributions WignerFunctionsforSomeCommonFields Fock States Coherent States Chaotic Field Squeezed Coherent States Expansion in Fock States Superpositions of Fock States ExperimentalConsiderations ReconstructionofWignerFunctions Production of Single-Photon States

5 XV 8.7 Photon Number Distribution Superpositions of Coherent States Superposition of N Coherent States Two Coherent State Superpositions Photon Number Distribution of Displaced Number States Photon Number Distribution of a Highly Squeezed State QuantumInterferenceinPhaseSpace TheWKBMethod AreaofOverlapFormalism Photon Number Distribution of Coherent States Photon Number Distribution of Squeezed State Quantum Interference in Atom Optics InterferenceandDiffractionofColdAtoms InterferenceofTwoBose EinsteinCondensates RelativePhaseBetweenTwoCondensates RelativePhaseinJosephsonJunctions Interference Between Colliding Condensates Collapses and Revivals of an Atomic Interference Pattern InterferenceExperimentsinCoherentAtomOptics Experimental Evidence of Relative Phase BetweenTwoCondensates AtomicInterferometers Collapses and Revivals of a Bose Einstein Condensate HigherOrderCoherenceinaBEC References Index

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