OPTI 511R: OPTICAL PHYSICS & LASERS
|
|
|
- Oswald Potter
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 OPTI 511R: OPTICAL PHYSICS & LASERS Instructor: R. Jason Jones Office Hours: TBD Teaching Assistant: Robert Rockmore Office Hours: Wed. (TBD) h"p://wp.op)cs.arizona.edu/op)511r/
2 h"p://wp.op)cs.arizona.edu/op)511r/
3 OPTI 511R: OPTICAL PHYSICS & LASERS
4 h"p://wp.op)cs.arizona.edu/op)551r/
5
6
7 Descriptions of Optics Geometrical Optics Physical Optics Quantum Optics à à à
8 Descriptions of Optics Geometrical Optics Physical Optics Quantum Optics à light as a ray à light as a wave à light as wave/particle
9 Models of Light-Matter Interaction Classical picture: classical light, classical matter Semi-classical picture: classical light, quantum matter Quantum picture: quantum light, quantum matter
10 Light, matter, and their interaction: overview of optical physics Quantum description of matter The semi-classical model Introduction to Quantum Optics Lasers
11 Overview Classical electron-oscillator model (~1900) Lorentz ad hoc hypothesis: atom responds as if it were attached to nucleus with a spring. NOT meant a model for the atom itself
12 Overview Classical electron-oscillator model (~1900) Lorentz ad hoc hypothesis: atom responds as if it were attached to nucleus with a spring.
13 Overview Classical electron-oscillator model (~1900) Lorentz ad hoc hypothesis: atom responds as if it were attached to nucleus with a spring.
14 Overview Classical electron-oscillator model (~1900) Lorentz ad hoc hypothesis: atom responds as if it were attached to nucleus with a spring.
15 Overview Classical electron-oscillator model (~1900) Lorentz ad hoc hypothesis: atom responds as if it were attached to nucleus with a spring.
16 Overview Classical electron-oscillator model (~1900) Lorentz ad hoc hypothesis: atom responds as if it were attached to nucleus with a spring. Why?
17 Overview Classical electron-oscillator model (~1900) Lorentz ad hoc hypothesis: atom responds as if it were attached to nucleus with a spring. Damped & driven simple harmonic oscillator:
18 Overview Classical electron-oscillator model (~1900) Lorentz ad hoc hypothesis: atom responds as if it were attached to nucleus with a spring. Damped & driven simple harmonic oscillator:
19 Overview Predictions of the CEO model: From E&M:
20 Overview Predictions of the CEO model: From E&M: index of refractionà absorption, dispersion Rayleigh Scattering
21 Overview Predictions of the CEO model: From E&M: index of refractionà absorption, dispersion Rayleigh Scattering However, fails to predict: saturation, optical gain, spontaneous emission à We need a better model for the atom!
22 Quantum matter Elements of quantum theory Wave equations for light and matter Quantum description of the atom
23 Quantum matter Elements of quantum theory Wave equations for light and matter Quantum description of the atom
24 Quantum matter Historical events in the development of quantum theory
25 Quantum matter Historical events in the development of quantum theory
26 Quantum matter Historical events in the development of quantum theory
27 Quantum matter Historical events in the development of quantum theory
28 Quantum matter Historical events in the development of quantum theory 1924: de Broglie and wave-particle duality of matter
29 Quantum matter Historical events in the development of quantum theory 1924: de Broglie and wave-particle duality of matter
30 Quantum matter Analogy with classical light waves
31 2-slit diffraction of light Quantum matter
32 2-slit diffraction of light Quantum matter
33 Quantum matter 1927: Davisson & Germer experiment à electron diffraction
34 Quantum matter Historical events in the development of quantum theory 1901: Planck and Blackbody Radiation 1905: Einstein and the photoelectric effect 1913: Bohr model of the atom 1924: de Broglie and wave-particle duality of matter 1927: Davisson & Germer experiment Wave-particle duality of light Atomic energy levels Electron diffraction
35 Quantum matter How to describe the matter waves?
36 Quantum matter Some postulates of quantum mechanics: The wavefunction for a particle tells us everything we can know about that particle.
37 Quantum matter Some postulates of quantum mechanics: The wavefunction for a particle tells us everything we can know about that particle.
38 Quantum matter Analogy with classical light waves
39 Quantum matter Analogy with classical light waves Wave equation for light
40 Quantum matter Analogy with classical light waves Plane waves Wave equation for light Spherical waves
41 Quantum matter Analogy with classical light waves Plane waves Wave equation for light Spherical waves
42 Quantum matter Some postulates of quantum mechanics: The Schrodinger equation describes the time evolution of the wavefunction. à The wave equation for matter!
43 Quantum matter For time-independent problems, it can be shown
44 Quantum matter For example, if it is a free particle (V=0)
45 Quantum matter For example, if it is a free particle (V=0)
46 Quantum matter For example, if it is a free particle (V=0)
47 Free particle continued Quantum matter
48 Free particle continued Quantum matter
49 Free particle continued Quantum matter
50 Free particle continued Quantum matter
51 Free particle continued Quantum matter
52 Quantum matter Now consider these two wavefunctions:
53 Quantum matter Now consider these two wavefunctions:
54 Quantum matter Now consider these two wavefunctions:
55 Quantum matter Now consider these two wavefunctions:
56 Quantum matter Now consider these two wavefunctions:
57 Quantum matter Now consider these two wavefunctions:
58 Quantum matter Quantum model of the hydrogen atom
59 Quantum matter Quantum model of the hydrogen atom
60 Quantum matter Quantum model of the hydrogen atom
61 Quantum matter Quantum model of the hydrogen atom Rydberg formula:
62 Quantum matter Quantum model of the hydrogen atom Rydberg formula: Spectroscopy can directly test quantum theory
63 Semi-classical model of light-matter interaction Quantum model of the hydrogen atom But it s not quite so simple
64 Semi-classical model of light-matter interaction Quantum model of the hydrogen atom But it s not quite so simple electron spin and orbital angular momentum (relativistic effects)
65 Semi-classical model of light-matter interaction Quantum model of the hydrogen atom But it s not quite so simple electron spin and orbital angular momentum (relativistic effects)
66 Semi-classical model of light-matter interaction Quantum model of the hydrogen atom But it s not quite so simple empty space is not so empty àvacuum fluctuations
67 Semi-classical model of light-matter interaction Quantum model of the hydrogen atom But it s not quite so simple proton spin interacts with the total electron angular momentum
68 Semi-classical model of light-matter interaction Quantum model of the hydrogen atom But it s not quite so simple proton spin interacts with the total electron angular momentum Precision spectroscopy required for testingà ultrastable lasers, cooling, trapping
69 Quantum matter Current example: the proton radius puzzle hydrogen vs. muonic hydrogen vs
70 Semi-classical model of light-matter interaction
71 Semi-classical model of light-matter interaction Classical light field - quantum atom: solve the full Schrodinger equation
72 Semi-classical model of light-matter interaction Classical light field - quantum atom: solve the full Schrodinger equation
73 Semi-classical model of light-matter interaction Semi-classical picture predicts: -real atom with discrete energy levels (infinite lifetime) n=1 n=2
74 Semi-classical model of light-matter interaction Semi-classical picture predicts: -real atom with discrete energy levels (infinite lifetime) -optical absorption -optical gain n=1 n=2 à dipole selection rules
75 Semi-classical model of light-matter interaction Semi-classical picture predicts: -real atom with discrete energy levels (infinite lifetime) -optical absorption -optical gain n=1 n=2 à dipole selection rules -saturation of absorption or gain
76 Semi-classical model of light-matter interaction Semi-classical picture predicts: -real atom with discrete energy levels (infinite lifetime) -optical absorption -optical gain n=1 n=2 à dipole selection rules -saturation of absorption or gain spontaneous emission?
77 Semi-classical model of light-matter interaction Semi-classical picture predicts: -real atom with discrete energy levels (infinite lifetime) -optical absorption -optical gain n=1 n=2 à dipole selection rules -saturation of absorption or gain spontaneous emission?
78 Lasers Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Basic elements:
79 Lasers Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Basic elements:
80 Lasers Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Basic elements:
81 Lasers Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Basic elements:
82 Optical cavities & Gaussian beams Lasers
83 Lasers Optical cavities & Gaussian beams Resonant modes of the optical cavity: -find solutions of the wave equation given certain approximations and boundary conditions
84 Lasers Optical cavities & Gaussian beams Resonant modes of the optical cavity: -find solutions of the wave equation given certain approximations and boundary conditions
85 Lasers Optical cavities & Gaussian beams Resonant modes of the optical cavity: -find solutions of the wave equation given certain approximations and boundary conditions paraxial approximation Paraxial wave equation
86 Lasers Solutions to the paraxial wave equation: Paraxial wave equation
87 Lasers Solutions to the paraxial wave equation: Paraxial wave equation Example: Hermite-Gaussian polynomials
88 Lasers Optical gain: need at least 3 energy levels to have more gain than absorption
89 Lasers Optical gain: need at least 3 energy levels to have more gain than absorption
90 Lasers Optical gain: need at least 3 energy levels to have more gain than absorption Rate equations determine population densities i.e. pumping rate, decay rate, emission rate
91 Lasers Steady-state lasing: gain requires population inversion initial field provided by spontaneous emission power in field grows until it significantly reduces population in level 2 à gain saturation steady-state lasing threshold is reach when round-trip gain = round-trip losses
OPTI 511R: OPTICAL PHYSICS & LASERS
OPTI 511R: OPTICAL PHYSICS & LASERS Instructor: R. Jason Jones Office Hours: Monday 1-2pm Teaching Assistant: Sam Nerenburg Office Hours: Wed. (TBD) h"p://wp.op)cs.arizona.edu/op)551r/ h"p://wp.op)cs.arizona.edu/op)551r/
Fundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing. Course Outline 2009
Fundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing Course Outline 2009 Part I. Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics Chapter 1. Concepts of Quantum and Experimental Facts 1.1. Blackbody Radiation and
ATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY
ALAN CORNEY ATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD 1977 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Planck's radiation law. 1 1.2. The photoelectric effect 4 1.3. Early atomic spectroscopy 5 1.4. The postulates
Introduction to Modern Physics
SECOND EDITION Introduction to Modern Physics John D. McGervey Case Western Reserve University Academic Press A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Orlando San Diego San Francisco New York London Toronto
LIST OF TOPICS BASIC LASER PHYSICS. Preface xiii Units and Notation xv List of Symbols xvii
ate LIST OF TOPICS Preface xiii Units and Notation xv List of Symbols xvii BASIC LASER PHYSICS Chapter 1 An Introduction to Lasers 1.1 What Is a Laser? 2 1.2 Atomic Energy Levels and Spontaneous Emission
MODERN OPTICS. P47 Optics: Unit 9
MODERN OPTICS P47 Optics: Unit 9 Course Outline Unit 1: Electromagnetic Waves Unit 2: Interaction with Matter Unit 3: Geometric Optics Unit 4: Superposition of Waves Unit 5: Polarization Unit 6: Interference
is the minimum stopping potential for which the current between the plates reduces to zero.
Module 1 :Quantum Mechanics Chapter 2 : Introduction to Quantum ideas Introduction to Quantum ideas We will now consider some experiments and their implications, which introduce us to quantum ideas. The
The Photoelectric Effect
The Photoelectric Effect Light can strike the surface of some metals causing an electron to be ejected No matter how brightly the light shines, electrons are ejected only if the light has sufficient energy
Particle nature of light & Quantization
Particle nature of light & Quantization A quantity is quantized if its possible values are limited to a discrete set. An example from classical physics is the allowed frequencies of standing waves on a
Lecture 0. NC State University
Chemistry 736 Lecture 0 Overview NC State University Overview of Spectroscopy Electronic states and energies Transitions between states Absorption and emission Electronic spectroscopy Instrumentation Concepts
QUANTUM MECHANICS Chapter 12
QUANTUM MECHANICS Chapter 12 Colours which appear through the Prism are to be derived from the Light of the white one Sir Issac Newton, 1704 Electromagnetic Radiation (prelude) FIG Electromagnetic Radiation
CONTENTS. vii. CHAPTER 2 Operators 15
CHAPTER 1 Why Quantum Mechanics? 1 1.1 Newtonian Mechanics and Classical Electromagnetism 1 (a) Newtonian Mechanics 1 (b) Electromagnetism 2 1.2 Black Body Radiation 3 1.3 The Heat Capacity of Solids and
CHAPTER I Review of Modern Physics. A. Review of Important Experiments
CHAPTER I Review of Modern Physics A. Review of Important Experiments Quantum Mechanics is analogous to Newtonian Mechanics in that it is basically a system of rules which describe what happens at the
Chapter 1. From Classical to Quantum Mechanics
Chapter 1. From Classical to Quantum Mechanics Classical Mechanics (Newton): It describes the motion of a classical particle (discrete object). dp F ma, p = m = dt dx m dt F: force (N) a: acceleration
Planck s Quantum Hypothesis Blackbody Radiation
Planck s Quantum Hypothesis Blackbody Radiation The spectrum of blackbody radiation has been measured(next slide); it is found that the frequency of peak intensity increases linearly with temperature.
MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY First Edition Jeanne L. McHale University of Idaho PRENTICE HALL, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 CONTENTS PREFACE xiii 1 INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW 1 1.1 Historical Perspective
Accounts for certain objects being colored. Used in medicine (examples?) Allows us to learn about structure of the atom
1.1 Interaction of Light and Matter Accounts for certain objects being colored Used in medicine (examples?) 1.2 Wavelike Properties of Light Wavelength, : peak to peak distance Amplitude: height of the
Dept. of Physics, MIT Manipal 1
Chapter 1: Optics 1. In the phenomenon of interference, there is A Annihilation of light energy B Addition of energy C Redistribution energy D Creation of energy 2. Interference fringes are obtained using
Complete nomenclature for electron orbitals
Complete nomenclature for electron orbitals Bohr s model worked but it lacked a satisfactory reason why. De Broglie suggested that all particles have a wave nature. u l=h/p Enter de Broglie again It was
Chapter 37 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom
Chapter 37 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Units of Chapter 37 37-7 Wave Nature of Matter 37-8 Electron Microscopes 37-9 Early Models of the Atom 37-10 Atomic Spectra: Key to the Structure
NERS 311 Current Old notes notes Chapter Chapter 1: Introduction to the course 1 - Chapter 1.1: About the course 2 - Chapter 1.
NERS311/Fall 2014 Revision: August 27, 2014 Index to the Lecture notes Alex Bielajew, 2927 Cooley, bielajew@umich.edu NERS 311 Current Old notes notes Chapter 1 1 1 Chapter 1: Introduction to the course
Blackbody radiation The photoelectric effect Compton effect Line spectra Nuclear physics/bohr model Lasers Quantum mechanics
Blackbody radiation The photoelectric effect Compton effect Line spectra Nuclear physics/bohr model Lasers Quantum mechanics Phys 2435: Chap. 38, Pg 1 Blackbody radiation New Topic Phys 2435: Chap. 38,
Midterm Examination 1
CHEM 332 Physical Chemistry Spring 2014 Name: Answer Key Midterm Examination 1 1. Match the individual with their accomplishment: A. Millikan G Proposed a probabilistic interpretation for *. B. Planck
Semiconductor Physics and Devices
Introduction to Quantum Mechanics In order to understand the current-voltage characteristics, we need some knowledge of electron behavior in semiconductor when the electron is subjected to various potential
Chapter 39. Particles Behaving as Waves
Chapter 39 Particles Behaving as Waves 39.1 Electron Waves Light has a dual nature. Light exhibits both wave and particle characteristics. Louis de Broglie postulated in 1924 that if nature is symmetric,
Chapter 27 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Discovery and Properties of the electron
Chapter 27 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom 27-1 Discovery and Properties of the electron Measure charge to mass ratio e/m (J. J. Thomson, 1897) When apply magnetic field only, the rays are
Part One: Light Waves, Photons, and Bohr Theory. 2. Beyond that, nothing was known of arrangement of the electrons.
CHAPTER SEVEN: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ATOM Part One: Light Waves, Photons, and Bohr Theory A. The Wave Nature of Light (Section 7.1) 1. Structure of atom had been established as cloud of electrons around
Particles and Waves Particles Waves
Particles and Waves Particles Discrete and occupy space Exist in only one location at a time Position and velocity can be determined with infinite accuracy Interact by collisions, scattering. Waves Extended,
Chapter 13. Phys 322 Lecture 34. Modern optics
Chapter 13 Phys 3 Lecture 34 Modern optics Blackbodies and Lasers* Blackbodies Stimulated Emission Gain and Inversion The Laser Four-level System Threshold Some lasers Pump Fast decay Laser Fast decay
A. F. J. Levi 1 EE539: Engineering Quantum Mechanics. Fall 2017.
A. F. J. Levi 1 Engineering Quantum Mechanics. Fall 2017. TTh 9.00 a.m. 10.50 a.m., VHE 210. Web site: http://alevi.usc.edu Web site: http://classes.usc.edu/term-20173/classes/ee EE539: Abstract and Prerequisites
Chapter 6 Electronic structure of atoms
Chapter 6 Electronic structure of atoms light photons spectra Heisenberg s uncertainty principle atomic orbitals electron configurations the periodic table 6.1 The wave nature of light Visible light is
Ch 7 Quantum Theory of the Atom (light and atomic structure)
Ch 7 Quantum Theory of the Atom (light and atomic structure) Electromagnetic Radiation - Electromagnetic radiation consists of oscillations in electric and magnetic fields. The oscillations can be described
Lecture 4 Introduction to Quantum Mechanical Way of Thinking.
Lecture 4 Introduction to Quantum Mechanical Way of Thinking. Today s Program 1. Brief history of quantum mechanics (QM). 2. Wavefunctions in QM (First postulate) 3. Schrodinger s Equation Questions you
Early Quantum Theory & Models of the Atom (Ch 27) Discovery of electron. Blackbody Radiation. Blackbody Radiation. J. J. Thomson ( )
Early Quantum Theory & Models of the Atom (Ch 27) Discovery of electron Modern physics special relativity quantum theory J. J. Thomson (1856-1940) measured e/m directly set-up was similar to mass spectrometer
Today: general condition for threshold operation physics of atomic, vibrational, rotational gain media intro to the Lorentz model
Today: general condition for threshold operation physics of atomic, vibrational, rotational gain media intro to the Lorentz model Laser operation Simplified energy conversion processes in a laser medium:
Theoretical Biophysics. Quantum Theory and Molecular Dynamics. Pawel Romanczuk WS 2017/18
Theoretical Biophysics Quantum Theory and Molecular Dynamics Pawel Romanczuk WS 2017/18 http://lab.romanczuk.de/teaching/ 1 Introduction Two pillars of classical theoretical physics at the begin of 20th
Lecture 3 Review of Quantum Physics & Basic AMO Physics
Lecture 3 Review of Quantum Physics & Basic AMO Physics How to do quantum mechanics QO tries to understand it (partly) Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 3 (1/19/2016)
CHEMISTRY Topic #1: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Fall 2017 Dr. Susan Findlay See Exercises 3.1 to 3.3
CHEMISTRY 1000 Topic #1: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Fall 2017 Dr. Susan Findlay See Exercises 3.1 to 3.3 Light: Wave? Particle? Both! Modern models of the atom were derived by studying the
1) Introduction 2) Photo electric effect 3) Dual nature of matter 4) Bohr s atom model 5) LASERS
1) Introduction 2) Photo electric effect 3) Dual nature of matter 4) Bohr s atom model 5) LASERS 1. Introduction Types of electron emission, Dunnington s method, different types of spectra, Fraunhoffer
Chapters 31 Atomic Physics
Chapters 31 Atomic Physics 1 Overview of Chapter 31 Early Models of the Atom The Spectrum of Atomic Hydrogen Bohr s Model of the Hydrogen Atom de Broglie Waves and the Bohr Model The Quantum Mechanical
MODERN PHYSICS Frank J. Blatt Professor of Physics, University of Vermont
MODERN PHYSICS Frank J. Blatt Professor of Physics, University of Vermont McGRAW-HILL, INC. New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico Milan Montreal New Delhi
Outline Chapter 9 The Atom Photons Photons The Photoelectron Effect Photons Photons
Outline Chapter 9 The Atom 9-1. Photoelectric Effect 9-3. What Is Light? 9-4. X-rays 9-5. De Broglie Waves 9-6. Waves of What? 9-7. Uncertainty Principle 9-8. Atomic Spectra 9-9. The Bohr Model 9-10. Electron
Physics of atoms and molecules
Physics of atoms and molecules 2nd edition B.H. Bransden and C.J. Joachain Prentice Hall An imprint of Pearson Education Harlow, England London New York Boston San Francisco Toronto Sydney Singapore Hong
Chapter 6: The Electronic Structure of the Atom Electromagnetic Spectrum. All EM radiation travels at the speed of light, c = 3 x 10 8 m/s
Chapter 6: The Electronic Structure of the Atom Electromagnetic Spectrum V I B G Y O R All EM radiation travels at the speed of light, c = 3 x 10 8 m/s Electromagnetic radiation is a wave with a wavelength
Heat of formation / enthalpy of formation! What is the enthalpy change at standard conditions when 25.0 grams of hydrogen sulfide gas is reacted?
135 Heat of formation / enthalpy of formation! What is the enthalpy change at standard conditions when 25.0 grams of hydrogen sulfide gas is reacted? (Data from Appendix G!) 1) Find the enthalpy of reaction
QUANTUM MECHANICS. Franz Schwabl. Translated by Ronald Kates. ff Springer
Franz Schwabl QUANTUM MECHANICS Translated by Ronald Kates Second Revised Edition With 122Figures, 16Tables, Numerous Worked Examples, and 126 Problems ff Springer Contents 1. Historical and Experimental
General Physics (PHY 2140)
General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 27 Modern Physics Quantum Physics Blackbody radiation Plank s hypothesis http://www.physics.wayne.edu/~apetrov/phy2140/ Chapter 27 1 Quantum Physics 2 Introduction: Need
Chapter 6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms
Chapter 6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms 6.1 The Wave Nature of Light To understand the electronic structure of atoms, one must understand the nature of electromagnetic radiation Visible light is an example
Einstein s Approach to Planck s Law
Supplement -A Einstein s Approach to Planck s Law In 97 Albert Einstein wrote a remarkable paper in which he used classical statistical mechanics and elements of the old Bohr theory to derive the Planck
Quantum optics. Marian O. Scully Texas A&M University and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik. M. Suhail Zubairy Quaid-i-Azam University
Quantum optics Marian O. Scully Texas A&M University and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik M. Suhail Zubairy Quaid-i-Azam University 1 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Preface xix 1 Quantum theory of radiation
WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT
WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT Light is electromagnetic radiation, a type of energy composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The fields oscillate perpendicular to each other. In vacuum, these waves
Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom
Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Electron Discharge tube (circa 1900 s) There is something ( cathode rays ) which is emitted by the cathode and causes glowing Unlike light, these rays are deflected
Heat of formation / enthalpy of formation! What is the enthalpy change at standard conditions when 25.0 grams of hydrogen sulfide gas is reacted?
135 Heat of formation / enthalpy of formation! What is the enthalpy change at standard conditions when 25.0 grams of hydrogen sulfide gas is reacted? (Data from Appendix G!) 1) Complete the thermochemical
Atomic Structure Discovered. Dalton s Atomic Theory. Discovery of the Electron 10/30/2012
Atomic Structure Discovered Ancient Greeks Democritus (460-362 BC) - indivisible particles called atoms Prevailing argument (Plato and Aristotle) - matter is continuously and infinitely divisible John
Calculate the volume of propane gas at 25.0 C and 1.08 atm required to provide 565 kj of heat using the reaction above.
167 Calculate the volume of propane gas at 25.0 C and 1.08 atm required to provide 565 kj of heat using the reaction above. 1 - Convert energy requirement to moles PROPANE using thermochemical equation.
Chapter 37 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 37 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Planck s Quantum Hypothesis; Blackbody Radiation Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect Energy, Mass, and Momentum of a Photon Compton
Sparks CH301. Quantum Mechanics. Waves? Particles? What and where are the electrons!? UNIT 2 Day 3. LM 14, 15 & 16 + HW due Friday, 8:45 am
Sparks CH301 Quantum Mechanics Waves? Particles? What and where are the electrons!? UNIT 2 Day 3 LM 14, 15 & 16 + HW due Friday, 8:45 am What are we going to learn today? The Simplest Atom - Hydrogen Relate
DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS
DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS LSN 12-1A: INTERACTIONS OF MATTER WITH RADIATION Questions From Reading Activity? Essential Idea: The microscopic quantum world offers a range of phenomena,
CHAPTER 2: POSTULATES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS
CHAPTER 2: POSTULATES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS Basics of Quantum Mechanics - Why Quantum Physics? - Classical mechanics (Newton's mechanics) and Maxwell's equations (electromagnetics theory) can explain MACROSCOPIC
1 Photoelectric effect - Classical treatment. 2 Photoelectric effect - Quantum treatment
1 OF 5 NOTE: This problem set is to be handed in to my mail slot (SMITH) located in the Clarendon Laboratory by 5:00 PM Tuesday, 10 May. 1 Photoelectric effect - Classical treatment A laser beam with an
Learning Objectives and Worksheet I. Chemistry 1B-AL Fall 2016
Learning Objectives and Worksheet I Chemistry 1B-AL Fall 2016 Lectures (1 2) Nature of Light and Matter, Quantization of Energy, and the Wave Particle Duality Read: Chapter 12, Pages: 524 526 Supplementary
Lecture PowerPoints. Chapter 27 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7th edition Giancoli
Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 27 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7th edition Giancoli This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching
Wave Nature of Matter
Wave Nature of Matter Wave-Particle Duality de Broglie proposed that particles with momentum could have an associated wavelength (converse of photons having momentum) de Broglie wavelength h λ = p or p
Heat of formation / enthalpy of formation!
165 Heat of formation / enthalpy of formation! What is the enthalpy change at standard conditions when 25.0 grams of hydrogen sulfide gas is reacted? 1 - Use Hess' Law to find the enthalpy change of the
Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers International Edition, 4th Edition
Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers International Edition, 4th Edition http://optics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong Review: 1. THE BIRTH OF MODERN PHYSICS 2. SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY 3. THE EXPERIMENTAL
Lecture 4. The Bohr model of the atom. De Broglie theory. The Davisson-Germer experiment
Lecture 4 The Bohr model of the atom De Broglie theory The Davisson-Germer experiment Objectives Learn about electron energy levels in atoms and how Bohr's model can be used to determine the energy levels
ATOMIC STRUCTURE. Kotz Ch 7 & Ch 22 (sect 4,5)
ATOMIC STRUCTURE Kotz Ch 7 & Ch 22 (sect 4,5) properties of light spectroscopy quantum hypothesis hydrogen atom Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle orbitals ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION subatomic particles (electron,
20th Century Atomic Theory- Hydrogen Atom
Background for (mostly) Chapter 12 of EDR 20th Century Atomic Theory- Hydrogen Atom EDR Section 12.7 Rutherford's scattering experiments (Raff 11.2.3) in 1910 lead to a "planetary" model of the atom where
OPTI 511, Spring 2016 Problem Set 9 Prof. R. J. Jones
OPTI 5, Spring 206 Problem Set 9 Prof. R. J. Jones Due Friday, April 29. Absorption and thermal distributions in a 2-level system Consider a collection of identical two-level atoms in thermal equilibrium.
Physics 1C Lecture 28C. "For those who are not shocked when they first come across quantum theory cannot possibly have understood it.
Physics 1C Lecture 28C "For those who are not shocked when they first come across quantum theory cannot possibly have understood it." --Neils Bohr Outline CAPE and extra credit problems Wave-particle duality
Unit title: Atomic and Nuclear Physics for Spectroscopic Applications
Unit title: Atomic and Nuclear Physics for Spectroscopic Applications Unit code: Y/601/0417 QCF level: 4 Credit value: 15 Aim This unit provides an understanding of the underlying atomic and nuclear physics
Introduction to Modern Quantum Optics
Introduction to Modern Quantum Optics Jin-Sheng Peng Gao-Xiang Li Huazhong Normal University, China Vfe World Scientific» Singapore* * NewJerseyL Jersey* London* Hong Kong IX CONTENTS Preface PART I. Theory
F. Elohim Becerra Chavez
F. Elohim Becerra Chavez Email:fbecerra@unm.edu Office: P&A 19 Phone: 505 277-2673 Lectures: Monday and Wednesday, 5:30-6:45 pm P&A Room 184. Textbook: Many good ones (see webpage) Lectures follow order
6.1.5 Define frequency and know the common units of frequency.
CHM 111 Chapter 6 Worksheet and Study Guide Purpose: This is a guide for your as you work through the chapter. The major topics are provided so that you can write notes on each topic and work the corresponding
Chapter 6 Electronic Structure of Atoms
Chapter 6 Electronic Structure of Atoms What is the origin of color in matter? Demo: flame tests What does this have to do with the atom? Why are atomic properties periodic? 6.1 The Wave Nature of Light
Chapter 1 Early Quantum Phenomena
Chapter Early Quantum Phenomena... 8 Early Quantum Phenomena... 8 Photo- electric effect... Emission Spectrum of Hydrogen... 3 Bohr s Model of the atom... 4 De Broglie Waves... 7 Double slit experiment...
LECTURE 6 QUANTUM PHYSICS II. Instructor: Shih-Chieh Hsu
LECTURE 6 QUANTUM PHYSICS II Instructor: Shih-Chieh Hsu Development of Quantum Mechanics 2 In 1862, Kirchhoff coined black body radiation or known as cavity radiation The experiments raised the question
An object capable of emitting/absorbing all frequencies of radiation uniformly
1 IIT Delhi - CML 100:1 The shortfalls of classical mechanics Classical Physics 1) precise trajectories for particles simultaneous specification of position and momentum 2) any amount of energy can be
The subquantum arrow of time
The subquantum arrow of time Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen University of Amsterdam Emergent Quantum Mechanics 2013, EmQM13, Vienna To understand Nature we have become accustomed to inconceivable concepts Our task
Fundamental of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing Xinzhao Chu I 10 3.4. Principle of Uncertainty Indeterminacy 0. Expression of Heisenberg s Principle of Uncertainty It is worth to point out that
Elements of Quantum Optics
Pierre Meystre Murray Sargent III Elements of Quantum Optics Fourth Edition With 124 Figures fya Springer Contents 1 Classical Electromagnetic Fields 1 1.1 Maxwell's Equations in a Vacuum 2 1.2 Maxwell's
Chemistry 483 Lecture Topics Fall 2009
Chemistry 483 Lecture Topics Fall 2009 Text PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A Molecular Approach McQuarrie and Simon A. Background (M&S,Chapter 1) Blackbody Radiation Photoelectric effect DeBroglie Wavelength Atomic
Other Devices from p-n junctions
Memory (5/7 -- Glenn Alers) Other Devices from p-n junctions Electron to Photon conversion devices LEDs and SSL (5/5) Lasers (5/5) Solid State Lighting (5/5) Photon to electron conversion devices Photodectors
5.111 Principles of Chemical Science
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science Fall 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 5.111 Lecture Summary
Chapter 31 Atomic Physics
100 92 86 100 92 84 100 92 84 98 92 83 97 92 82 96 91 80 96 91 76 95 91 74 95 90 68 95 89 67 95 89 66 94 87 93 86 No. of Students in Range Exam 3 Score Distribution 25 22 20 15 10 10 5 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
PHY 571: Quantum Physics
PHY 571: Quantum Physics John Venables 5-1675, john.venables@asu.edu Spring 2008 Introduction and Background Topics Module 1, Lectures 1-3 Introduction to Quantum Physics Discussion of Aims Starting and
Laser Physics OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS SIMON HOOKER COLIN WEBB. and. Department of Physics, University of Oxford
Laser Physics SIMON HOOKER and COLIN WEBB Department of Physics, University of Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 The laser 1.2 Electromagnetic radiation in a closed cavity 1.2.1
CHAPTER 5 Wave Properties of Matter and Quantum Mechanics I
CHAPTER 5 Wave Properties of Matter and Quantum Mechanics I 5.1 X-Ray Scattering 5. De Broglie Waves 5.3 Electron Scattering 5.4 Wave Motion 5.5 Waves or Particles? 5.6 Uncertainty Principle Many experimental
OPTI 511R, Spring 2018 Problem Set 10 Prof. R.J. Jones Due Thursday, April 19
OPTI 511R, Spring 2018 Problem Set 10 Prof. R.J. Jones Due Thursday, April 19 1. (a) Suppose you want to use a lens focus a Gaussian laser beam of wavelength λ in order to obtain a beam waist radius w
Molecular spectroscopy
Molecular spectroscopy Origin of spectral lines = absorption, emission and scattering of a photon when the energy of a molecule changes: rad( ) M M * rad( ' ) ' v' 0 0 absorption( ) emission ( ) scattering
Chapter 10: Wave Properties of Particles
Chapter 10: Wave Properties of Particles Particles such as electrons may demonstrate wave properties under certain conditions. The electron microscope uses these properties to produce magnified images
CHEM6416 Theory of Molecular Spectroscopy 2013Jan Spectroscopy frequency dependence of the interaction of light with matter
CHEM6416 Theory of Molecular Spectroscopy 2013Jan22 1 1. Spectroscopy frequency dependence of the interaction of light with matter 1.1. Absorption (excitation), emission, diffraction, scattering, refraction
CHAPTER 5 Wave Properties of Matter and Quantum Mechanics I
CHAPTER 5 Wave Properties of Matter and Quantum Mechanics I 5.1 X-Ray Scattering 5.2 De Broglie Waves 5.3 Electron Scattering 5.4 Wave Motion 5.5 Waves or Particles? 5.6 Uncertainty Principle 5.7 Probability,
Stellar Astrophysics: The Interaction of Light and Matter
Stellar Astrophysics: The Interaction of Light and Matter The Photoelectric Effect Methods of electron emission Thermionic emission: Application of heat allows electrons to gain enough energy to escape
EE485 Introduction to Photonics
Pattern formed by fluorescence of quantum dots EE485 Introduction to Photonics Photon and Laser Basics 1. Photon properties 2. Laser basics 3. Characteristics of laser beams Reading: Pedrotti 3, Sec. 1.2,
Matter Waves. Chapter 5
Matter Waves Chapter 5 De Broglie pilot waves Electromagnetic waves are associated with quanta - particles called photons. Turning this fact on its head, Louis de Broglie guessed : Matter particles have
College Physics B - PHY2054C
of College - PHY2054C The of 11/17/2014 My Office Hours: Tuesday 10:00 AM - Noon 206 Keen Building Outline of 1 2 of 3 4 of Puzzling The blackbody intensity falls to zero at both long and short wavelengths,
Quantum Mechanics. Particle in a box All were partial answers, leading Schrödinger to wave mechanics
Chemistry 4521 Time is flying by: only 15 lectures left!! Six quantum mechanics Four Spectroscopy Third Hour exam Three statistical mechanics Review Final Exam, Wednesday, May 4, 7:30 10 PM Quantum Mechanics
Lesson Plan: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics via Wave Theory and the Photoelectric Effect
Lesson Plan: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics via Wave Theory and the Photoelectric Effect Will Stoll, Norcross High School Problem: To understand the basic principles of Quantum Mechanics through an
Quantum Mechanics of Atoms
Quantum Mechanics of Atoms Your theory is crazy, but it's not crazy enough to be true N. Bohr to W. Pauli Quantum Mechanics of Atoms 2 Limitations of the Bohr Model The model was a great break-through,