Nonlinear Optics. Second Editio n. Robert W. Boyd

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1 Nonlinear Optics Second Editio n Robert W. Boyd

2

3 Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition xiii xv 1. The Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility Introduction to Nonlinear Optics Descriptions of Nonlinear Optical Interactions Formal Definition of the Nonlinear Susceptibility Nonlinear Susceptibility of a Classical Anharmoni c Oscillator Properties of the Nonlinear Susceptibility Time Domain Description of Optical Nonlinearities Kramers-Kronig Relations in Linear and Nonlinear Optics Wave-Equation Description of Nonlinear Optical Interactions The Wave Equation for Nonlinear Optical Media The Coupled-Wave Equations for Sum-Frequenc y Generation The Manley-Rowe Relations Sum-Frequency Generation Difference-Frequency Generation and Parametri c Amplification Second-Harmonic Generation Phase-Matching Considerations 94

4 2.8. Optical Parametric Oscillators Quasi-Phase-Matching Nonlinear Optical Interactions with Focused Gaussian Beams Nonlinear Optics at an Interface Quantum-Mechanical Theory of the Nonlinear Optica l Susceptibility Introduction Schrödinger-Equation Calculation of the Nonlinea r Optical Susceptibility Density Matrix Formalism of Quantum Mechanics Perturbation Solution of the Density Matrix Equatio n of Motion Density Matrix Calculation of the Linear Susceptibility Density Matrix Calculation of the Second-Order Susceptibility Density Matrix Calculation of the Third-Order Susceptibility Local-Field Corrections to the Nonlinear Optica l Susceptibility The Intensity-Dependent Refractive Index Descriptions of the Intensity-Dependent Refractive Index Tensor Nature of the Third-Order Susceptibility Nonresonant Electronic Nonlinearities Nonlinearities Due to Molecular Orientation Thermal Nonlinear Optical Effects Semiconductor Nonlinearities Molecular Origin of the Nonlinear Optical Response Nonlinear Susceptibilities Calculated Using Time-Independent Perturbation Theory Semiempirical Models of the Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility 243

5 5.3. Nonlinear Optical Properties of Conjugated Polymers Bond-Charge Model of Nonlinear Optical Properties Nonlinear Optics of Chiral Media Nonlinear Optics of Liquid Crystals Nonlinear Optics in the Two-Level Approximation Introduction Density Matrix Equations of Motion for a Two-Level Atom Steady-State Response of a Two-Level Atom to a Monochromatic Field Optical Bloch Equations Rabi Oscillations and Dressed Atomic States Optical Wave Mixing in Two-Level Systems Processes Resulting from the Intensity-Dependen t Refractive Index Self-Focusing of Light and Other Self-Action Effects Optical Phase Conjugation Optical Bistability and Optical Switching Two-Beam Coupling Pulse Propagation and Temporal Solitons Spontaneous Light Scattering and Acoustooptics Features of Spontaneous Light Scattering Microscopic Theory of Light Scattering Thermodynamic Theory of Scalar Light Scattering Acoustooptics Stimulated Brillouin and Stimulated Rayleigh Scattering Stimulated Scattering Processes Electrostriction Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (Induced by Electrostriction) Phase Conjugation by Stimulated Brillouin Scattering 428

6 9.5. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Gases General Theory of Stimulated Brillouin and Stimulate d Rayleigh Scattering Stimulated Raman and Scattering and Stimulated Rayleigh-Wing Scattering The Spontaneous Raman Effect Spontaneous versus Stimulated Raman Scattering Stimulated Raman Scattering Described by the Nonlinear Polarization Stokes-Anti-Stokes Coupling in Stimulated Raman Scattering Stimulated Rayleigh-Wing Scattering The Electrooptic and Photorefractive Effects Introduction to the Electrooptic Effect Linear Electrooptic Effect Electrooptic Modulators Introduction to the Photorefractive Effect Photorefractive Equations of Kukhtarev et al Two-Beam Coupling in Photorefractive Materials Four-Wave Mixing in Photorefractive Materials Optically Induced Damage and Multiphoton Absorption Introduction to Optical Damage Avalanche-Breakdown Model Influence of Laser Pulse Duration Direct Photoionization Multiphoton Absorption and Multiphoton Ionization Ultrafast and Intense-Field Nonlinear Optics Introduction Ultrashort Pulse Propagation Equation Interpretation of the Ultrashort Puls e Propagation Equation 539

7 13.4. Intense-Field Nonlinear Optics Motion of a Free Electron in a Laser Field High-Harmonic Generation Nonlinear Optics of Plasmas and Relativisti c Nonlinear Optics Nonlinear Quantum Electrodynamics 555 Appendices A. The Gaussian System of Units 56 1 B. Systems of Units in Nonlinear Optics 565 C. Relationship between Intensity and Field Strength 568 D. Physical Constants 569 Index 571

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