Elements of Quantum Optics

Transcription

1 Pierre Meystre Murray Sargent III Elements of Quantum Optics Fourth Edition With 124 Figures fya Springer

2 Contents 1 Classical Electromagnetic Fields Maxwell's Equations in a Vacuum Maxwell's Equations in a Medium Linear Dipole Oscillator Coherence Free-Electron Lasers 22 Problems 32 2 Classical Nonlinear Optics Nonlinear Dipole Oscillator Coupled-Mode Equations Cubic Nonlinearity Four-Wave Mixing with Degenerate Pump Frequencies Nonlinear Susceptibilities 48 Problems 50 3 Quantum Mechanical Background Review of Quantum Mechanics Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory Atom-Field Interaction for Two-Level Atoms Simple Harmonic Oscillator 82 Problems 86 4 Mixtures and the Density Operator Level Damping The Density Matrix Vector Model of Density Matrix 106 Problems " CW Field Interactions Polarization of Two-Level Medium Inhomogeneously Broadened Media Counterpropagating Wave Interactions Two-Photon Two-Level Model Polarization of Semiconductor Gain Media 139 Problems 146

3 X Contents 6 Mechanical Effects of Light Atom-Field Interaction Doppler Cooling The Near-Resonant Kapitza-Dirac Effect Atom Interferometry 166 Problems Introduction to Laser Theory The Laser Self-Consistency Equations Steady-State Amplitude and Frequency Standing-Wave, Doppler-Broadened Lasers Two-Mode Operation and the Ring Laser Mode Locking Single-Mode Semiconductor Laser Theory Transverse Variations and Gaussian Beams 198 Problems Optical Bistability Simple Theory of Dispersive Optical Bistability Absorptive Optical Bistability Ikeda Instability 217 Problems Saturation Spectroscopy Probe Wave Absorption Coefficient Coherent Dips and the Dynamic Stark Effect Inhomogeneously Broadened Media Three-Level Saturation Spectroscopy Dark States and Electrom'agnetically Induced Transparency Problems Three and Four Wave Mixing Phase Conjugation in Two-Level Media Two-Level Coupled Mode Coefficients Modulation Spectroscopy Nondegenerate Phase Conjugation by Four-Wave Mixing Problems r Time-Varying Phenomena in Cavities Relaxation Oscillations in Lasers Stability of Single-Mode Laser Operation Multimode Mode Locking Single-Mode Laser and the Lorenz Model 274 Problems r 276

4 Contents XI 12 Coherent Transients Optical Nutation Free Induction Decay Photon Echo Ramsey Fringes Pulse Propagation and Area Theorem Self-Induced Transparency Slow Light '. 295 Problems Field Quantization Single-Mode Field Quantization Multimode Field Quantization Single-Mode Field in Thermal Equilibrium Coherent States Coherence of Quantum Fields Quasi-Probability Distributions Schrodinger Field Quantization The Gross-Pitaevskii Equation 322 Problems Interaction Between Atoms and Quantized Fields Dressed States Jaynes-Cummings Model Spontaneous Emission in Free Space Quantum Beats '. 344 Problems System-Reservoir Interactions Master Equation Fokker-Planck Equation Langevin Equations Monte-Carlo Wave Functions Quantum Regression Theorem and Noise Spectra 374 Problems Resonance Fluorescence « Phenomenology Langevin Equations of Motion Scattered Intensity and Spectrum Connection with Probe Absorption Photon Antibunching Off-Resonant Excitation 403 Problems 405

5 XII Contents 17 Squeezed States of Light Squeezing the Coherent State Two-Sidemode Master Equation Two-Mode Squeezing Squeezed Vacuum 421 Problems Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics Generalized Master Equation for the Atom-Cavity System Weak Coupling Regime Strong Coupling Regime Velocity-Dependent Spontaneous Emission Input-Output Formalism 440 Problems Quantum Theory of a Laser The Micromaser Single Mode Laser Master Equation Laser Photon Statistics and Linewidth Quantized Sidemode Buildup 468 Problems Entanglement, Bell Inequalities and Quantum Information Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox and Bell Inequalities Bipartite Entanglement The Quantum Beam Splitter." Quantum Teleportation Quantum Cryptography Toward Quantum Computing 486 Problems 488 References 489 Index 499