Fundamental Processes of Atomic Dynamics

Transcription

1 Fundamental Processes of Atomic Dynamics

2 NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A B C o E F G H Life Sciences Physics Mathematical and Physical Sciences Behavioral and Social Sciences Applied Sciences Computer and Systems Sciences Ecological Sciences Cell Biology Plenum Publishing Corporation New York and London Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, Boston, and London Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris, and Tokyo Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 175-Superstrings edited by Peter G. O. Freund and K. T. Mahanthappa Volume 176-Nonlinear Evolution and Chaotic Phenomena edited by Giovanni Gallavotti and Paul F. Zweifel Volume 177-lnstabilities and Chaos in Quantum Optics II edited by N. B. Abraham, F. T. Arecchi, and L. A. Lugiato Volume 178-High-Brightness Accelerators edited by Anthony K. Hyder, M. Franklin Rose, and Arthur H. Guenther Volume 179-lnterfaces, Quantum Wells, and Superlattices edited by C. Richard Leavens and Roger Taylor Volume 180-The Physics of Submicron Semiconductor Devices edited by Harold L. Grubin, David K. Ferry, and C. Jacoboni Volume 181-Fundamental Processes of Atomic Dynamics edited by J. S. Briggs, H. Kleinpoppen, and H. O. Lutz Volume 182-Physics, Fabrication, and Applications of Multilayered Structures edited by P. Dhez and C. Weisbuch Series B: Physics

3 Fundamental Processes of Atomic Dynamics Edited by J. S. Briggs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany H. Kleinpoppen University of Stirling Stirling, Scotland and H. O. Lutz University of Bielefeld Bielefeld, Federal Republic of Germany Plenum Press New York and London Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division

4 Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Fundamental Processes of Atomic Dynamics, held September 21-0ctober 2, 1987, in Maratea, Italy ISBN-13: DOl: / e-isbn-13: Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data NATO Advanced Study Institute on Fundamental Processes of Atomic Dynamics (1987: Maratea, Italy) Fundamental processes of atomic dynamics I edited by J. S. Briggs, H. Kleinpoppen, and H. O. Lutz. p. cm.-(nato ASlseries. Series B, Physics; v. 181) "Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Fundamental Processes of Atomic Dynamics, held September 21-0ctober 2, 1987, in Maratea, Italy" Verso t.p. "Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division." Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Collisions (Nuclear physics)-congresses. 2. Electron-atom collisions Congresses. 3. Photonuclear reactions-congresses. 4. Heavy-ion collisions-congresses. I. Briggs, J. S. II. Kleinpoppen, H. (Hans) III. Lutz, H. O. IV. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. V. Title. VI. Series. QC794.6.C6N '54-dc19 CIP 1988 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1988 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

5 Ugo Fano, Maratea, Italy, September 1987

6 PREFACE This volume contains the lectures presented at the NATO Advanced study Institute "Fundamental Processes of Atomic Dynamics" held in Maratea. Italy from September 20th to October 2nd The institute and this volume were conceived as a natural complement to previous institutes held in Maratea (1982) and in Santa Flavia (1984.) whose proceedings are to be found in NATO ASI Series B vol. 103 and 134 respectively. The subject matter of these institutes was the study of the fundamental processes occurring in the interactions of atoms with photons. electrons and heavy-ions. The aim has been to unify these processes in a coherent experimental and theoretical approach. The present volume brings this approach up to date and contains in addition. for contrast and variety. a description of similar dynamical processes in the study of clusters and surfaces. The institute was opened with a lecture by Joe Macek in which he summarised the current status of atomic collision research. propounded the philosophy of a unified approach to structure, fragmentation and collision and posed the outstanding questions in the field. This lecture forms the introduction to this volume. The subject matter was divided into experiment and theory with the lectures inter-linked so that the one could re-inforce the other. The whole of the theoretical part of the institute was organised by Ugo Fano as an on-going symposium. He, more than any other individual, has strived to develop a consistent and unified theory of the fundamental processes of atomic dynamics. His lectures on introducing the theory symposium were the highlight of the institute and form a fitting introduction to the theory part of this volume. To emphasise this consistency and unity the theory lectures were given mostly by former students or co-workers of Ugo Fano and the occasion of the institute was used unashamedly to celebrate his seventy-fifth birthday year. As a tribute to Ugo Fano, the whole of this theory symposium forms the first part of this volume. To allow the younger participants to fully appreciate the impact made by Fano. not only in atomic physics but in other disciplines. Mitio Inokuti was invited by the directors to deliver an informal evening lecture on Fano's scientific accomplishments. This memorable address is printed here in its entirety together with. for the first time, a complete list of Ugo Fano's publications. The chapters on experimental atomic physics are presented by a distinguished list of researchers all of whom have made significant advances in their respective fields. The reader can thus obtain a detailed impression of the state-of-the-art in atomic and molecular spectroscopy, laser-atom interactions. the collision of electrons and positrons with atoms and ion-atom collision processes, in addition to the afore-mentioned study of clusters and ion-surface interactions. vii

7 The directors are grateful to many people whose efforts made the institute a great success, not least of whom are Dr. Craig Sinclair and his staff of the NATO SCientific Affairs Division. Particular thanks go to John Broad, Uwe Thumm and RUdiger Brenn of the University of Freiburg who organised all details of the meeting. This organisation was helped in no small measure by the friendly co-operation of Mr. A. Guzzardi and his staff of the Hotel Villa del Mare. Maratea. The directors acknowledge the advice of the International Advisory Committee and particularly the unselfish assistance of Eugen Merzbacher. The support of the National Science Foundation. Springer-Verlag, Lambda Physik GmbH, the Department of Tourism, Regione Basilicata and the Banca di Lucania were much appreciated. Freiburg. December 1987 John Briggs Hans Kleinpoppen Hans Lutz viii

8 CONTENtS Ugo Fano's Scientific Accomplishments Mitio Inokuti FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES OF ATOMIC DYNAMICS Frontiers in Atomic Physics: Introduction and Opening Remarks J H Macek 25 THEORY SYMPOSIUM Introduction U Fano General Features of Collisions and Spectra U Fano A Unified View of Collisions and Spectra A R P Rau Quantum Defect Theory for Molecules Ch Jungen Variational Calculation of Channel Interaction Parameters C H Greene Ion-Atom Collisions J H Macek Theoretical Studies of Heavy Particle Collisions CD Lin Coherence and Correlations in Fast Ion-Atom Collisions J Burgdorfer The Production and Measurement of Anisotropy using Photons C H Greene Atoms in External Fields P F O'Mahony ix

9 Rydberg Electrons in Laser Fields: A MQDT Treatment with Dressed Channels A Giusti-Suzor Hyperspherical Description of Two-Electron Systems A F Starace Classification of Doubly-excited States of Two-Electron Atoms CD Lin A Molecular Description of Electron Pair Excitations in Atoms J M Feagin A Hyperspherical Description of N-Electron Atoms M Cavagnero EXPERIME~l Collision-produced Atomic States N Andersen Basic Mechanisms in Atomic Collision Complexes H 0 Lutz Shapes and Orientation of Atoms in Energy and Charge-transfer Collisions with Laser Excitation E E B Campbell and I V Hertel Analysis of Electron-Atom Collisions: Electron-Photon Coincidence Experiments H Kleinpoppen Analysis of Electron-Atom Collisions: Spin-Dependent Effects WRaith Analysis of Electron-Atom Scattering: Positron-Atom Scattering. a Variation of Electron-Atom Scattering WRaith Atoms in Intense Laser Fields P Agostini Probing Excited States with Multiphoton Ionization J L Dehmer et al Shape Resonances in Molecular Fields J L Dehmer et al Resonances in Atomic Spectroscopy J P Connerade x

10 Clusters, or the Transition from Molecular to Condensed Matter Physics H Haberland Electronic Interaction of Ions (Atoms) with Metal Surfaces H J Andra Epilogue Participants Index xi