Scale Invariance, Interfaces, and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics

Transcription

1 Scale Invariance, Interfaces, and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics

2 NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities, The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A B C D E F G H I Life Sciences Physics Mathematical and Physical Sciences Behavioral and Social Sciences Applied Sciences Computer and Systems Sciences Ecological Sciences Cell Biology Global Environmental Change Plenum Publishing Corporation New York and London Dordrecht. Boston, and London Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg. New York. London. Paris, Tokyo. Hong Kong. and Barcelona PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 1. Disarmament Technologies 2. Environment 3. High Technology 4. Science and Technology Policy 5. Computer Networking Springer-Verlag The Partnership Sub-Series incorporates activities undertaken in collaboration with NA TO's Cooperation Partners, the countries of the CIS and Central and Eastern Europe, in Priority Areas of concern to those countries. Recent Volumes in this Series: Volume 342-Quantum Transport in Ultrasmall Devices edited by David K. Ferry, Harold L. Grubin, Carlo Jacobini, and Anti-Pekka Jauko Volume Volume The Hubbard Model: Its Physics and Mathematical Physics edited by Dionys Baeriswyl, David K. Campbell, Jose M. P. Carmela, Francisco Guinea, and Enrique Louis Scale Invariance, Interfaces, and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics edited by Alan McKane, Michel Droz, Jean Vannimenus, and Dietrich Wolf Series B: Physics

3 Scale Invariance, Interfaces, and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics Edited by Alan McKane University of Manchester Manchester, England MichelOroz University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland Jean Vannimenus Ecole Normale Superieure Paris, France and Dietrich Wolf Gerhard-Mercator-Universitat Duisburg, Germany Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

4 Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Scale Invariance, Interfaces, and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics, held June 20-30,1994, in Cambridge, England NATO-PCO-DATA BASE The electronic index to the NATO ASI Series provides full bibliographical references (with keywords and/or abstracts) to about 50,000 contributions from international scientists published in all sections of the NATO ASI Series. Access to the NATO-PCO-DATA BASE is possible in two ways: via online FILE 128 (NATO-PCO-DATA BASE) hosted by ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, I Frascati, Italy via CD-ROM "NATO Science and Technology Disk" with user-friendly retrieval software in English, French, and German ( WTV GmbH and DATAWARE Technologies, Inc. 1989). The CD-ROM also contains the AGARD Aerospace Database. The CD-ROM can be ordered through any member of the Board of Publishers or through NATO-PCO, Overijse, Belgium. On file Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1995 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

5 PREFACE The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Scale Invariance, Interfaces and Non Equilibrium Dynamics" was held at the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences in Cambridge, UK from June The topics discussed at the Institute were all concerned with the origin and nature of complex structures found far from equilibrium. Examples ranged from reactiondiffusion systems and hydrodynamics through to surface growth due to deposition. A common theme was that of scale invariance due to the self-similarity of the underlying structures. The topics that were covered can be broadly classified as pattern formation (theoretical, computational and experimental aspects), the non-equilibrium dynamics of the growth of interfaces and other manifolds, coarsening phenomena, generic scale invariance in driven systems and the concept of self-organized criticality. The main feature of the Institute was the four one-hour-iong lectures given each day by invited speakers. In addition to thirty-seven of these lectures, two contributed lectures were also given. The many questions that were asked after the lectures attested to the excitement and interest that the lecturers succeeded in generating amongst the students. In addition to the discussions initiated by lectures, an important component of the meeting were the poster sessions, where participants were able to present their own work, which took place on three of the afternoons. The list of titles given at the end of these proceedings gives some idea of the range and scope of these posters. Over one hundred participants from eighteen countries attended the ASI. The timing was designed to take full advantage of a programme entitled "Cellular Automata, Aggregation and Growth" which took place at the Newton Institute from January to June Those who were participating in the last two weeks of this programme played an active role in creating a stimulating atmosphere both inside and outside the lecture room. We wish to thank the NATO Scientific Affairs Division which provided the basic funding for the meeting. Additional funding was provided by the European Community through the Human Capital and Mobility programme and by the Newton Institute. We would also like to thank the staff of the Newton Institute for handling the administrative side of the meeting so efficiently and for their continuous support and help with numerous practical problems. The Newton Institute site proved ideal v

6 vi for a meeting of this type especially when the excellent weather we had meant that everyone could go outside to have lunch and to talk. Last, but not least, we thank the lecturers and participants themselves for their enthusiastic involvement, which did so much to make the meeting a success. M. Droz, A. J. McKane J. Vannimenus, D. Wolf

7 CONTENTS Statistical physics of growth processes... 1 Joachim Krug Shapes and dynamics of Laplacian growth Vincent Hakim Growth patterns : From stable curved fronts to fractal structures (A summary) Yves Couder Nonequilibrium dynamics of fluctuating lines Mehran Kardar and Deniz Erta An introduction to the statistical mechanics of driven diffusive systems R.K.P. Zia and T. Blum Cellular automata modeling of hydrodynamics and reaction-diffusion processes: Basic theory Bastien Chopard Non-equilibrium ordering dynamics and pattern formation Martin Siegert Populational dynamics and coupled map lattices Imre M. Janosi Computer simulation of molecular beam epitaxy Dietrich E. Wolf Instabilities in MBE growth: The SLUG model A. W. Hunt, C. Orme, D. R. M. Williams, B. G. Orr, and L. M. Sander Generic scale invariance and self-organize.d critic.ality G. Grinstein vii

8 Minimal SOC: Intermittency in growth and evolution Kim Sneppen A self-organized critical pin-ball machine Henrik Flyvbjerg Experiments on bidimensional models of sand: study of the dynamics Jean Rajchenbach, Eric Clement, Jacques Duran and Touria Mazozi Contributed short talks and posters Contributors 331 Participants Index viii