Landolt-Börnstein Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology New Series / Editor in Chief: W.

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1 Landolt-Börnstein Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology New Series / Editor in Chief: W. Martienssen Group VIII: Advanced Materials and Technologies Volume 6 Polymers Subvolume D Polymer Solutions Part 1 Physical Properties and their Relations I (Thermodynamic Properties: Phase Equilibria) Editors: M.D. Lechner, K.F. Arndt Author: Ch. Wohlfarth

2 ISSN (Advanced Materials and Technologies) ISBN Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York eisbn Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Neue Serie Editor in Chief: W. Martienssen Vol. VIII/6D1: Editors: M.D. Lechner, K.F. Arndt At head of title: Landolt-Börnstein. Added t.p.: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology. Tables chiefly in English. Intended to supersede the Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen by H. Landolt and R. Börnstein of which the 6th ed. began publication in 1950 under title: Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik. Vols. published after v. 1 of group I have imprint: Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag Includes bibliographies. 1. Physics--Tables. 2. Chemistry--Tables. 3. Engineering--Tables. I. Börnstein, R. (Richard), II. Landolt, H. (Hans), III. Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. IV. Title: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology. QC ' This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution act under German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product Liability: The data and other information in this handbook have been carefully extracted and evaluated by experts from the original literature. Furthermore, they have been checked for correctness by authors and the editorial staff before printing. Nevertheless, the publisher can give no guarantee for the correctness of the data and information provided. In any individual case of application, the respective user must check the correctness by consulting other relevant sources of information. Cover layout: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg Typesetting: Authors and Redaktion Landolt-Börnstein, Heidelberg Printing and Binding: AZ Druck, Kempten SPIN: / Printed on acid-free paper

3 Preface of the editors Polymers belong to an essential material group with many applications not only for polymer manufacturers but also in physics, chemistry, medicine and engineering techniques. The presented volume Polymers with several subvolumes connects a complete data collection with short but precise descriptions of the different quantities and their significances. The experimental determination of the physical quantities is given as well as the influence to other physical quantities. This volume could help to choose the best material for all kinds of applications also for those ones which are not mentioned in polymer material books. Landolt-Börnstein Polymers is focused on polymers in its different forms of representations and phenomena, e.g. solids, melts, solutions. The different chapters of this volume are written by excellent scientists. The data are evaluated and weighted. The target group and potential users are physicists, chemists, material scientists and engineers in universities and in the industry. The book is intended for those who work on practical problems in the polymer field and who are in the need of numerical data on polymer properties. The volume is subdivided into Nomenclature, Definition, Structure, and Architecture of Polymers Polymer Solids and Polymer Melts Polymer Solutions Application of Polymers and includes Thermodynamic Properties, Diffusion, Permeation, Gas Solubility, Miscibility, Crystallographic Structures, Mechanical Properties, Electromagnetic Properties, Optical Properties, Spectroscopic Properties, and Transport Properties. In 2004 the editor in chief, W. Martienssen, introduced a new group VIII Advanced Materials and Technologies and suggested a volume Polymers. The presented volume VIII/6 D1 Thermodynamic Properties Phase Equilibria is the first of approximately 7 subvolumes. The editors wish to express his thanks to the author Ch. Wohlfarth for this excellent volume. The encouraging and never ending support of the former editor in chief W. Martienssen and of R. Poerschke, K. Sora and R. Münz from Springer- Verlag is kindly acknowledged. The publisher and the editors are confident that this volume will increase the use of the "Landolt-Börnstein". The complete volume, including links to the original citations, is also available online: you can either navigate through the electronic version of this volume starting from the Landolt-Börnstein website simply select and jump directly into the PDF data file of interest and then search for entries by the full text search engine; from this website you can also access the content via a substance index or a comprehensive index. Alternatively you can also search for relevant keywords via the full Springer search gate on leading to cross-publication hits. Constraints to the search will specify your results, particularly when combined with the navigation facility. You can find a brief description of the different entrances to Landolt-Börnstein online on the inner backcover page of this volume. We would be grateful if the users send us any errors, misprints, omissions and other flaw. Any suggestion is welcome! Osnabrueck, Dresden, June 2009 The Editors

4 Contributors Editors Lechner, M.D. Institut für Chemie Universität Osnabrück Barbarastr. 7 D Osnabrück, Germany lechner@uni-osnabrueck.de Arndt, K.F. Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66 B D Dresden, Germany karl-friedrich.arndt@chemie.tu-dresden.de Author Wohlfarth, Ch. Institute of Physical Chemistry Martin Luther University Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 D Halle (Saale), Germany christian.wohlfarth@chemie.uni-halle.de Landolt-Börnstein Editorial Office Springer Verlag GmbH Tiergartenstr. 17 D Heidelberg, Germany Redaktion.Landolt-Boernstein@springer.com Internet:

5 Contents Contents VIII/6 Polymers Subvolume D: Polymer Solutions Part 1: Physical Properties and their Relations I (Thermodynamic Properties: Phase Equilibria) 1 Introduction Selection of Data Measurement Methods, Polymer Characterization, Compositions Arrangement of Data Substances and Nomenclature References for Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data References for Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Data Lower Critical (LCST) and Upper Critical (UCST) Solution Temperatures References for High Pressure Fluid Phase Equilibrium Data References for Polymer List...496