Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics

Transcription

1 Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics Volume 51 Editor-in-chief Gordon W. F. Drake, Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada Series editors James Babb, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA Andre D. Bandrauk, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada Klaus Bartschat, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, IA, USA Philip George Burke, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen s University, Belfast, UK Robert N. Compton, Knoxville, TN, USA Tom Gallagher, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA Charles J. Joachain, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium Peter Lambropoulos, FORTH, IESL, University of Crete, Iraklion, Crete, Greece Gerd Leuchs, Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany Pierre Meystre, Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

2 The Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics covers in a comprehensive manner theory and experiment in the entire field of atoms and molecules and their interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Books in the series provide a rich source of new ideas and techniques with wide applications in fields such as chemistry, materials science, astrophysics, surface science, plasma technology, advanced optics, aeronomy, and engineering. Laser physics is a particular connecting theme that has provided much of the continuing impetus for new developments in the field, such as quantum computation and Bose-Einstein condensation. The purpose of the series is to cover the gap between standard undergraduate textbooks and the research literature with emphasis on the fundamental ideas, methods, techniques, and results in the field. More information about this series at

3 Boris M. Smirnov Atomic Particles and Atom Systems Data for Properties of Atomic Objects and Processes Second Edition 123

4 Boris M. Smirnov Joint Institute for High Temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia ISSN ISSN (electronic) Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics ISBN ISBN (ebook) Library of Congress Control Number: Originally published with the title Reference Data on Atomic Physics and Atomic Processes 1st edition: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg nd edition: Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

5 Preface This book is devoted to atomic particles and processes involving atomic particles. It contains, on the one hand, numerical data for atoms, molecules, ions and processes with participation of electrons, ions, atoms and molecules. On the other hand, this book represents basic concepts and simple models for atomic particles and atomic processes. Numerical data are given in various forms including periodical tables of elements with filling by certain parameters of elements, atoms, molecules or processes, spectra of atoms, potential curves for electron terms of molecules, conversion factors for units used in formulas of atomic physics, tables and figures with certain atomic parameters. This information is joined with simple models for atomic particles and atomic processes. Interaction inside atoms and between individual atomic particles is the basis of models described the nature of atomic particles and processes under consideration. Namely, electron terms of an atom follow from the exchange interaction of electrons inside an atom due to the Pauli exclusion principle, and the relation between exchange and spin orbit interactions determines the atom coupling scheme, as well as atom quantum numbers. Comparison of the electrostatic and exchange interaction potential in a molecule with that of relativistic interactions gives molecular quantum numbers in accordance with the Hund's cases of momentum coupling. Interaction of atomic particles determines their dynamics, i.e. cross sections of their scattering in collisions. In turn, transport of atomic particles in gases and plasmas results from collisions of atomic particles, and, hence, transport coefficients are expressed through cross sections of collisions of atomic particles. Moving according to this scheme from atoms to molecules, from statics to dynamics, we add models and concepts with numerical data on each stage of consideration. This book may be useful as an addition to contemporary books on atomic physics. Since the author collected and selected the content of this book in its practical work, it is directed to active specialists including advanced students who can use this material for the analysis of a certain physical situation. Moscow, Russia Boris M. Smirnov v

6 Contents 1 Introduction Elements of General Physics Fundamental Physical Constants Elements and Isotopes Physical Units Conversional Factors in Formulas of General Physics Physics of Atoms and Ions Properties of Hydrogen and Helium Atoms and Similar Ions Quantum Numbers of Light Atoms Lowest Excited States of Inert Gas Atoms Parameters of Atoms and Ions in the Form of Periodical Tables Rates of Radiative Transitions and Atomic Spectra Dipole Radiation of Atomic Particles Selection Rules for Radiative Transitions in Atomic Particles Radiation of Lowest Excited States of Inert Gas Atoms Absorption Parameters and Broadening of Spectral Lines Physics of Molecules Interaction Potential of Atomic Particles at Large Separations Energetic Parameters of Diatomic Molecules Coupling Schemes in Diatomic Molecule Potential Curves and Correlation of Atomic and Molecular States Polyatomic Molecules Elementary Processes in Gases and Plasmas Parameters of Elementary Processes in Gases and Plasmas Collision Processes Involving Ions vii

7 viii Contents 6.3 Elastic Collisions of Electrons with Atoms Elementary Processes in Atmospheric Plasma Transport Phenomena in Gaseous Systems Transport Coefficients of Gases Ion Drift in Gas in External Electric Field Electron Transport in Gases Conclusion Appendix A: Spectra and Diagrams References Index