_!M Ry=- EB7 (7 R $U $7E $7= $7XU EB7 NO jhu %,% $=- C8 % C< $ 7. Using Rainbow Trout to Measure Arsenic Toxicity in Water

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Crystal Jenkins
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1 5 ) Q:! RS A: $ O 7;P,8 )' $ ' L& 7 %) -JK 7 /& &I/ V BA F# U HE ( // \]1 // Z$#") _!M Ry=- EB7 (7 R $U $7E $7= $7U EB7 NO jhu %,% $=- C8 % C< $ 7 5, EB7 67 ( 6& $=- ; :7 $ Ry=- Ry=- O- R- 6= Ry=- EB7 NO 0(*.% NO $% =6A W T $* (As) :- Ry=- 6& (*.%$ NO ;(7+ $% ;( C%,% ; - Q.( 6& :- V7 = 6A W T $* x C< ;( "- :- 1 Ry=-.% %B $* (/ ; RF"# * E :- R %"5 ) N $" M M] L L] RF"# Q $- M*n]*n] & 7% ph %"5 :- (4.( U F (* %/ % :- %"5 (TU 7 V7 N%7% :7 ( Uh C%9 b 37' N%7%.( ;( R/- vq M JK MJ K q J M E R %"5 N$" LM/ M L/ K ML/ MK/Ln! R/- vq M JK MJ E LC 50 (4.($ F *%= $-=# ;( R- Q7.( U N ; - LC 50 $5 pe7 Cf * UN ; - R $5 ( 6& ). R4 (;%= &) *%B 7- % 6=* $445 $ˆ& V-% ;( NO C&) Q F V-K\/$ P&$ K #% =H+ Using Rainbow Trout to Measure Arsenic Toxicity in Water Kazem Naddafi 1, Ramin Nabizadeh 2, Masoud Yonesian 2, Gholamreza Jahed 2, Ayoub Beyki 3 (Received Sep. 25, 2005 Accepted Jul. 2, 2006) Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine arsenic toxicity on rainbow trout. Acute toxicity of arsenic was determined by measuring the lethal effects on rainbow trout in static conditions. Five aquariums of cm with five concentrations of 5,10,15,20 and 25 mg/l of arsenic were prepared and then ten fishes were added to each concentration. Also one aquarium with similar conditions was considered as a control with no arsenic solution. Hardness, temperature and dissolved oxygen of dilution water were determined by standard methods, and concentration of dissolved oxygen, ph and temperature of solution test in time periods of 2,4,6,8,24,48,72 and 96 hrs were measured. Water temperature of aquarium was regulated by circulation of water in refrigerator through indirect conduction with solution test. LC 50 was measured at intervals of 24,48,72 and 96 hrs by SPSS software and respectively showed 28.13,21.77,15.78 and mg/l.probit curve was drawn by Harvard Chart L software, and LC 50 curve was drawn by Excel software. Keywords: Rainbow Trout, Arsenic Toxicity,Water Pollution. M*o1 h 2' _#< Z*) _M< b`!-, Z*)?.), _ap "#!< U knadafi@tums.ac.ir b)6 M*o1 h 2' _#< Z*) _M< b`!-, Z*)?.), _ap "##? V 1-Associate Prof., * School >? of 7 Public =;.) Health, / 6 5<3=-, Tehran University : )6 of Medical Sciences, knadafi@tums.ac.ir #42P M*o1 h 2' _#< b`!-, 5<3, Z*)?.), C, *" = %#.*"# B m 2- Assistant Prof., School of Public 7 =;.) Health, / 6 Tehran 7F,, University,A E of Medical Sciences 3-M.Sc. Student, School of Public Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences 62

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7 LC (;R ) F- * ) ; T=Q! ) 5 9 Os )) Z C 8(,]@ ; T=Q! +u) *K)3. 8&* 78 # **, 5( 8(UW, % 0 4>(), h % 4 U=@ d<a 8RW, *(.()9,,(Q UW d;,u 49, i!# G u) LC 50 %a M,.9, 8&*. 5&a ;,(. (,* 5H<1 % 5, ; T=Q! 8&* w 0,( K (, +5 9K^UA 0 & ()r!. 5 * +5, - ; T=Q! q<*7! 5 9, 5 W dm, 9& Z 1- Clesceria, L. S., Greenberg, A.E., and Eaton, A.., eds. (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, APHA, WEF, AWWA, 20 th Ed., Washington,.C.. ^ R7 V5.N.U ; - N E jhu Ry=- $-.( ƒ ).=*. $U( ^~ 3- OEC. (1992). Guidelines for testing of chemicals, Section 2: Fish acute toxicity test. 4- Clark, R. B. (2001). Marine pollution, 15 th Ed., Oxford University Press, London. 5-Manc,G. (1987). Pollution threat of heavy metals in aquatic environments, 1 st Ed., Elsevier Science Publishers, New York. 6- US EPA. (2000). Arsenic occurrence in public drinking water supplies, EPA-815-R , Washington C. 7-WHO. (2004). Guidelines for drinking -water quality, Vol. 1, 3 rd Ed., World Health Organization, Geneva. 8-WHO. (2001). Arsenic in drinking water, Fact Sheet No. 210, World Health Organization, Geneva. 9 - US EPA. (1984). Ambient water quality criteria for arsenic, Report No , Washington C. 10- McGeachy,S.M., and ixon,.g. (1989). The impact of temperature on the acute toxicity of arsenate and arsenite to rainbow trout. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 17(1), Canivet.,V.,and Chambon., P. (2001). Toxicity and bioaccumulation of arsenic and chromium in epigean and hypogean freshwater macro invertebrates. J. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 40 (3),

8 12- Chung-Min,L.,and Ming-Chao, L. (2001). Acute toxicity modeling of rainbow trout and silver sea bream exposed to waterborne metals. J. Environmental Toxicology, 16(4), Sadiq,M. (1992). Toxic metal chemistry in marine environments, 1 st Ed., CRC, Marcel ekker,inc. 14- US EPA. (1994). Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater organisms, Report No. 600/4-91/002, Washington C. 15- US EPA. (1993). Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater and marine organisms, EPA/600/4-90/027F, Washington C. 16- US EPA. (2002). Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater and marine organisms, 5 th Ed., US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water, Washington C. 17-Finney,.J. (1971). Probit analysis, Chapter3: Estimation of the median effective does, and Chapter 4: Maximum likelihood estimation, 3 rd Ed., Cambridge, London. 18- Liao, C.M., et al. (2004). Organ-specific toxcokinetics and dose response of arsenic in tilpia oreochromis in mossambicus. J. Arch. Environ. Contm. Toxicol., 47(4) Johnson, W.W., and Finley, M.T. (1980) Handbook of acute toxicity of chemicals to fish and aquatic invertebrates, 1 st Ed., United States epartment of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service/Resource Publication 137, Washington C. 69

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